Evaluation of the Financial Performance of the Municipalities in Slovakia in the Context of Multidimensional Statistics

In some studies, only financial aspects are emphasized, but we also see cases of assessing the financial health of municipalities through socio-economic indicators. Public organizations worldwide have had to increase their financial performance by adopting management practices. Nonetheless, financial performance might be mostly predicted by contingencies that are not within direct managerial control. The purpose of this paper is to identify clusters of municipalities on the basis of agglomerate cluster analysis, the results of which will point to the financial situation of the municipalities in the selected region. The main aim of this contribution is to identify the location of the municipalities of the chosen self-governing region of Slovakia using the clustering method by selected financial indicators. Individual clusters have similar properties and they differ from the characteristics of businesses in other clusters. The results show that organizational and environmental contingencies affect financial performance, but a significant amount of variation in financial performance is unexplained—indicating that management creates better financial health in the municipality and creates a clearer budget for the management, employees, and residents of the municipality.

Analysis of Tear Fluid for Evaluation on the Concentration of the Generic Anti-Glaucoma Drug Betoptik using Multisensory Stripping Voltammetry and Multivariate Statistics

It is important to monitor the concentration of drugs after their instillation: this helps to find the right drug dosages. The proposed method is based on recognizing multidimensional images through the use of multidimensional statistics; the images are produced by multisensory electrochemical systems that provide reliable information about the tested objects. The measurements were carried out using a planar solid-state electrode. The test-system solution was a 0.05 М KCl solution, which contained the Zn2+, Cd2+, Рb2+, Cu2+ Со2+, and Hg2+ metal cations at the concentration of 5 10–5 M. A new electrochemical method for multisensory stripping voltammetry has been used to determine whether it is appropriate for determination of generic forms of the drug Betoptic, that is, Xonef, Betoftan, and Betalink EU in tear fluid. Measurements were carried out on a planar three-electrode interdigitated electrode. It has been shown that this method is effective for determination of the generics. The dynamics of changes in their concentrations over time were examined. After instillation of the generics in glaucoma patients, their concentrations in the Tear fluid remained unchanged within 12 h. The list of organic substances that can be determined by the method of multisensory stripping voltammetry has been extended.

Issues of Typology of Municipal Infrastructure

The subject of this work is the uneven development of infrastructure in municipal districts of the Russian Federation. The article presents the author’s method of typology of municipalities by the level of infrastructure development, which allows overcoming the shortcomings of the information base of municipal statistics using the data imputation algorithm. The proposed approach solves the problem of weak population structure using a combination of four methods of multidimensional statistics (cluster analysis, factor analysis, metric multidimensional scaling and discriminant analysis) in the framework of a combination of variational and aggregate concepts of data typology. The idea of the considered method is that if an object falls into the same type as a result of applying different typology methods, then it is a stable representative (“core”) of this type. A set of such objects for each type is used as training samples for discriminant analysis, which allows you to typologize the remaining transition objects using mathematical tools. The methodology was tested on a set of municipal districts of the Russian Federation (in 2018). There are 4 types of municipal districts with high, satisfactory, insufficient and low level of infrastructure development. As of 2018, 89 (5.1%) municipal districts of the Russian Federation have a high level of infrastructure development, 308 (17.6%) – satisfactory, 570 (32.6%) – insufficient, 783 (44.7%) – low. The inverse relationship between the level of infrastructure development of municipal districts and the degree of urbanisation of the territory is shown: the largest number of districts with highly developed infrastructure is located in territories with a significant share of the rural population.

Multiple Exploration of Entrepreneurs' Suggestions for Agricultural Development of Local Regional Units in Greece

The purpose of the present article is to evaluate the factors which are considered to be important for the agribusiness development of a local economy, with data derived from the entrepreneurs' perspective. For this purpose, an appropriate methodology was designed, in order to include the most of the aforementioned factors. Emphasis was given to questions which can illustrate the level of technological innovation with actions and initiatives like digital marketing, innovative ability and others. Therefore, a questionnaire was created and was then applied to many regions in northern Greece. In respect of data analysis, the contribution of Correspondence Analysis (CA), a method from the multidimensional statistics field, was crucial because it easily revealed the characteristics that intensively differentiated themselves. The above methodologies and their special characteristics facilitated also the implementation of SWOT analysis. In the case of the Regional Units examined in the current research, the positive and negative factors-points were easily revealed and presented.

Development of liquidus thermobarometer for the simulation of equilibrium olivine-melt

A system of equations of the liquidus thermobarometer of olivine — silicate melt was obtained by processing the sample of 772 experimental equilibria of olivines with basic melts using methods of multidimensional statistics. Equations reproduce with small error experimental data in a wide range of basite compositions (from komatiites to dacites), temperatures from 1040 to 1500 ᵒС, pressures from 1 bar up to 30 kbar. Thermobarometer testing demonstrated that the deviations of the calculated liquidus temperature from the experimental one in most of the temperature range do not exceed ±3 ᵒC.

Continuity and Innovations in Sauromatian and Early Sarmatian Cultures (Based on the Materials of Staritskiy Burial Mound)

The article is devoted to the issues of continuity and innovations in Sauromatian and early Sarmatian cultures and in the population of anthropological type. To resolve this issue, the archaeological database of 5 Sauromatian and 48 early Sarmatian burials was used. The anthropological database consists of 31 measured skulls of the early Sarmatian epoch (4th – 1st centuries BC). The anthropological material was studied by methods of one-dimensional and multidimensional statistics. The authors pay a special attention to the syncretic character of a number of burials of Sauromatian and early Sarmatian culture in the period of its appearance on the Volga region territory in the late 4th – the early 1st c. BC. The instability of the burial rite is manifested in the combination of typically Sauromatic continuity of orientating in the latitudinal direction with northern and southern orientations, locating swords along the body instead of the Sauromatian tradition – on the belt obliquely, preserving the Sauromatian practice of accompanying a deceased with food in the form of the cattle side. These facts testify to the complex processes of interaction between the substrate and superstrate population, which were not limited only to the act of conquest. The results of the anthropological study suggest that the morphological appearance of the early Sarmatian population is similar to the rest of the synchronous population and is characterized by the Sarmatian type or the type of ancient Eastern Caucasians, combining meso-brachicrania with the moderate horizontal profiling of facial skeleton at the upper level with a sharply protruding nose. The total group of skulls was relatively homogeneous in terms of the intragroup structure. It is dominated by the type of wide-headed Caucasians with some intragroup variations in horizontal facial profiling. The morphological type of chronological women’s groups of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC witnesses about the continuity of the population.

Express Screening of Tear Fluid for Evaluation of the Concentration of Lanomax Using Multisensory Stripping Voltammetry and Multivariate Statistics

The drug concentrations monitoring is very important for finding the right dosage. The developed method is based on the recognition of multidimensional images, which are produced by multisensory electrochemical systems that provide reliable information on objects being tested, using multidimensional statistics. The measurements were carried out using a planar solid-state electrode. The test solution was a 0.05 M KCl solution, which contained the $ {\rm{Z}}{{\rm{n}}_2}^ + ,{\rm{C}}{{\rm{d}}_2}^ + ,{\rm{P}}{{\rm{b}}_2}^ + ,{\rm{C}}{{\rm{o}}_2}^ + $ and $ {\rm{H}}{{\rm{g}}_2}^ + $ metal cations in the concentration of 5 • 10−5 M. The efficiency of this method in determining lanosterol with accounting for changes in its concentration with over time has been demonstrated. In order to determine concentrations of Lanomax in tear fluid, a procedure for multisensory stripping voltammetry has been developed and tested. It has been shown that the effect of lacrimal fluid on metal dissolution currents in the test system lasts 12 hours after the Lanomax instillation.