scholarly journals “Yo, al contarle esto, no tengo porque mentir”: identidades etnolingüísticas en las narrativas contadas por los migrantes de retorno nayaritas

2013 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
José Luis Quintero Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
Characteristic Features

No hay razón para asumir que la narrativa de un individuo deba ser enteramente constante y verídica. La verdad en la construcción de una narrativa no es el problema primario. Al narrar sus experiencias de vida en los Estados Unidos, los migrantes retornados nayaritas asumen un punto de vista. Tales narrativas son producto de un doble proceso interpretativo, el suyo y el nuestro. Siempre será posible narrar los mismos acontecimientos de formas radicalmente diferentes, dependiendo de los valores y de los intereses del narrador, por ello la manera en que el narrador aborda esos acontecimientos complejos y preocupantes varía, porque recrear el pasado es una reconstrucción selectiva. Desde esta perspectiva, la construcción de la identidad de los migrantes nayaritas consiste en la creación narrativa de una imagen de sí mismos. Con el apoyo de losmodelos de actitud presentados en los trabajos de Lambert y Lambert (1964); Fishman y Agheyisi (1970); Ajzen (1988) y López Morales (1989), trataremos de definir cuáles son esos rasgoscaracterísticos que contribuyen a crear la imagen de esa identidad.Palabras clave: migración, narrativa, identidad, actitud, creenciaAbstractThere is no reason to assume that the narrative of an individual is completely coherent and true. Truth is not a fundamental problem in the construction of a narrative. In narrating their experiencesin the United States, Nayarita migrants who have returned assume a particular point of view. These narratives are the product of a double interpretation process, their own and ours. It will always bepossible to narrate the same events in radically different ways, depending on the values and the interests of the narrator, for this reason way in which the narrator expresses these complex anddisturbing events varies, because the recreation of the past is a selective reconstruction. From this perspective, the construction of identity in Nayarita migrants consists in the narrative creation of aself-image. Based on the research about attitudes in Lambert and Lambert (1964); Fishman and Agheyisi (1970); Ajzen (1988) and López Morales (1989), we will attempt to define which ofthese characteristic features contribute to creating an image of this identity.Key words: migration, narrative, identity, attitude, belief. 

scholarly journals CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CRIME IN THE USA

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
М. М. Забарний
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Evolving Model ◽  
Criminal Statistics

Some components of crime prevention strategies are a thing of the past, others have undergone significant metamorphoses, and still others have emerged in the last ten years, but in general the state and dynamics of crime as a result of the evolving model of preventive criminal policy and law enforcement remain stable. certain parameters that characterize modern crime, "suddenly" change the course (annual "minuses" are replaced by "pluses" and vice versa) and such fluctuations are sporadic. The mention of the "surprise" of such changes is primarily due to the fact that all these years in the United States there is an annual and significant increase in population, which for obvious reasons changes the crime rates (levels) in general and its types. The article is devoted to the problem of objective assessment of crime in the United States and the interpretation of the changes - absolute and relative indicators at a particular time. The indicators of crime in the USA are investigated; statistical data are presented; the structure and prevalence of crime is described. Criminal statistics data in the United States draw a meaningful and informative, but largely diagnostic picture of the phenomenon of modern crime in this country. The presented data of criminal statistics point to the prospect for more detailed, including comparative criminological research with the obligatory account of the requirements for the comparability of certain national indicators of crime statistics. The prevalence of homicide in any country has been found to be the most common and visible indicator of crime. In general, it should be noted that in absolute terms, the prevalence of homicides in the United States, as in several other countries, has remained quite stable for many years. Note that stable prevalence is generally one of the characteristics of this category of crimes. In Japan, for example, in the past 12 to 15 years, the number of murders has decreased annually by only a few (no more than 10 to 12) statistical units. From this point of view, the rapid rate of decline in the number of murders in Ukraine does not look at all convincing, as many studies of domestic criminologists have long and quite clearly indicated. As can be seen from the above data, the dynamics of relative homicide rates in the United States are outwardly less distinct, since, as noted, it is offset by annual and very significant population growth (over the past three years, it has grown by 7 million people).

Therapeutic Technique in Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Weinshel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy ◽  
Therapeutic Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychoanalytic Treatment

As the distinctions between what we consider to be psychoanalysis and what we consider to be psychoanalytic psychotherapy have become more uncertain and more blurred, it follows that it is equally difficult to designate the techniques that would be appropriate and specific for each modality. The problem has been compounded by the fact that in recent years psychoanalysis in the United States has become considerably less homogeneous than in the past and the ego-psychological structural model is no longer the only point of view in the psychoanalytic marketplace. Further, with alterations in the criteria for analyzability, cases which, generally, had not been viewed as suitable for analysis, have been appearing with increasing frequency on psychoanalysts' couches. We have also recognized that the degree of congruence between our expectation from and the results of psychoanalytic treatment was often less than anticipated. It appears that analysis have become considerably less arbitrary about what psychoanalysis is and how a psychoanalysis can be carried out. The author is unable to delineate one technique that is intrinsic to and limited to psychoanalysis. There are, however, differences in degree and emphasis in the ways in which various techniques are applied in the therapy of psychoanalysis as compared to the therapy of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Special attention is given to the role of a psychoanalytic process and the central place the analysis of resistance plays in psychoanalytic therapy.

US Foreign Policy towards Ghana and Tanzania: An Afrocentric Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kgothatso Shai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Strategic Studies

In this article, the author uses Afrocentricity in order to provide an African point of view in respect of the analysis of the United States (US) foreign policy towards Africa. Given the dominance of mainstream thinking about the US foreign policy that takes for granted US as a prominent and primary in defining the relations, this article employs historical sensibility in order to trace the US relationship with Ghana and Tanzania using Afrocentric lens. This discourse is often partially understood due to the lack of an Afrocentric perspective on the existing literature in this aspect of Strategic Studies. History is crucial in this regard because the past provides a sound basis for understanding the present and future. This helps challenge the thinking overly informed by mainstream theories in Strategic Studies. As it shall be seen below, such a paradigm remains critical in highlighting the peculiarity of the US relationship with Ghana and Tanzania and in providing a deeper understanding of underlying dynamics in US foreign policy towards Africa. To realise the purpose of this article, the author relies methodologically on interdisciplinary critical discourse and conversations in their widest forms.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Democratic Legitimacy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rosanvallon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Authority ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Western Democracies

It's a commonplace occurrence that citizens in Western democracies are disaffected with their political leaders and traditional democratic institutions. But this book argues that this crisis of confidence is partly a crisis of understanding. The book makes the case that the sources of democratic legitimacy have shifted and multiplied over the past thirty years and that we need to comprehend and make better use of these new sources of legitimacy in order to strengthen our political self-belief and commitment to democracy. Drawing on examples from France and the United States, the book notes that there has been a major expansion of independent commissions, NGOs, regulatory authorities, and watchdogs in recent decades. At the same time, constitutional courts have become more willing and able to challenge legislatures. These institutional developments, which serve the democratic values of impartiality and reflexivity, have been accompanied by a new attentiveness to what the book calls the value of proximity, as governing structures have sought to find new spaces for minorities, the particular, and the local. To improve our democracies, we need to use these new sources of legitimacy more effectively and we need to incorporate them into our accounts of democratic government. This book is an original contribution to the vigorous international debate about democratic authority and legitimacy.

Bipartisanship as Possible Alternative of Russian Political System Evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 256-265
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Simonov ◽  
Stanislav P. Mitrakhovich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Simultaneous Separation

The article examines the possibility of transfer to bipartisan system in Russia. The authors assess the benefits of the two-party system that include first of all the ensuring of actual political competition and authority alternativeness with simultaneous separation of minute non-system forces that may contribute to the country destabilization. The authors analyze the accompanying risks and show that the concept of the two-party system as the catalyst of elite schism is mostly exaggerated. The authors pay separate attention to the experience of bipartisan system implementation in other countries, including the United States. They offer detailed analysis of the generated concept of the bipartisanship crisis and show that this point of view doesn’t quite agree with the current political practice. The authors also examine the foreign experience of the single-party system. They show that the success of the said system is mostly insubstantial, besides many of such systems have altered into more complex structures, while commentators very often use not the actual information but the established myths about this or that country. The authors also offer practical advice regarding the potential technologies of transition to the bipartisan system in Russia.

The Riddle of a Common History

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Textbook ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Constant Part ◽  
Intrinsic Component

By identifying two general issues in recent history textbook controversies worldwide (oblivion and inclusion), this article examines understandings of the United States in Mexico's history textbooks (especially those of 1992) as a means to test the limits of historical imagining between U. S. and Mexican historiographies. Drawing lessons from recent European and Indian historiographical debates, the article argues that many of the historical clashes between the nationalist historiographies of Mexico and the United States could be taught as series of unsolved enigmas, ironies, and contradictions in the midst of a central enigma: the persistence of two nationalist historiographies incapable of contemplating their common ground. The article maintains that lo mexicano has been a constant part of the past and present of the US, and lo gringo an intrinsic component of Mexico's history. The di erences in their historical tracks have been made into monumental ontological oppositions, which are in fact two tracks—often overlapping—of the same and shared con ictual and complex experience.

The Challenges of Displaying “Asian American”: Curatorial Perspectives and Critical Approaches

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-32
Author(s):  
ShiPu Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
American Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Racial Demographics

This essay delineates the issues concerning AAPI art exhibitions from a curator’s perspective, particularly in response to the changing racial demographics and economics of the past decades. A discussion of practical, curatorial problems offers the reader an overview of the obstacles and reasons behind the lack of exhibitions of AAPI works in the United States. It is the author’s hope that by understanding the challenges particular to AAPI exhibitions, community leaders, and patrons will direct future financial support to appropriate museum operations, which in turn will encourage more exhibitions and research of the important artistic contribution of AAPI artists to American art.

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