scholarly journals Mutual Learning in Development Cooperation: China and the West

IDS Bulletin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiantuo Yu ◽  
Evan Due
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Development ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The West ◽  
Mutual Learning ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
International Development Cooperation

This article looks at some of the characteristics of China’s foreign aid system and its development over the years. It discusses China’s foreign aid based on its own development experiences and its view of South–South development cooperation. Both the modalities and narratives of China’s international development cooperation need to be considered in order to better understand the complexities, strengths, and weaknesses of its aid system. As China’s international aid continues to grow and become more prominent, particularly in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, the article calls for a deeper understanding of China’s aid institutions and the need for greater cooperation and capacity building.

Current trends in China's international development cooperation to Latin America: potential opportunities and challenges with the belt and road initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Andrea Gélvez Rubio ◽  
Juan Carlos Gachúz Maya
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Development ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
International Development Cooperation

PurposeThis paper enquires into general trends of China's International Development Cooperation over the past decade in Latin America and provides insights into the challenges with the Belt and Road Initiative.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses quantitative data for Chinese Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Other Official Flows (OOF) for projects in Latin America based on recent data contributions including Bluhm et al. (2018) and Gallagher & Myers (2019).FindingsBased on the data available, it can be concluded that the cooperation between China and Latin America has been increasing. For instance, the value of China's cooperation increased by 4.5% per year on average from 2000 to 2014. Moreover, China's economic and political motivations in the region indicate that the cooperative relationship has been changing from a South–South to a North–South framework. Two main factors are involved in this transition: the evolution of China from a developing country to a global emerging power and the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative to strengthen political and economic ties with the governments of the region.Practical implicationsThis investigation suggests that the increasing number of loans in the region and Beijing's growing interest in trade and natural resources are structural factors that guide the Chinese foreign policy.Originality/valueThere are few analyses of China's cooperation for development in Latin America that involve the evaluation of concessional and non-concessional loans for projects in the region in the last decade. This paper also analyses the challenges and opportunities that the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative represents for the region.

China’s Implementation of Goal 9 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: International Capacity Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1940004
Author(s):  
Yanhong LIU
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Industrial Cooperation ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The experience in reform and opening up shows that China’s achievements in industrialization are largely attributed to its industrial openness towards the outside world and the international cooperation. As it enters the second decade of the 21st century, China’s industry has stepped into a new era of leading international development cooperation and promoting inclusive and sustainable growth in global industry, namely a period of developing international capacity cooperation supported by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). As vigorously driven by the BRI, the international capacity cooperation has not only pushed forward the creation of new industrial cooperation models among developing countries, but also opened new paths and contributed Chinese approaches to regional and global industrial cooperations under the new situation, in particular for the implementation of the inclusive and sustainable industrial development goal set in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This mainly manifests as: dovetailing the top-level design with planning to build new mechanism-based capacity cooperation models, achieving cross-border infrastructure connectivity to promote trade, investment and industrial cooperation, constructing cooperation zones as an important platform for small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in capacity cooperation, breaking the financial bottleneck of regional development through diversified and open financial cooperation, and leading the leapfrog development of countries along the Belt and Road through technological cooperation and collaborative innovation.

Civilizational Perspectives of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Critical Testing of Huntington’s Thesis of the Clash of Civilizations in the BRI Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 2150010
Author(s):  
Baogang He
Keyword(s):  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
The West ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Fault Lines ◽  
The Belt And Road

In recent years, a civilizational perspective as a part of geopolitical analysis is deployed to fuel geopolitical concern. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been viewed as a case of the clash of civilizations between the West and China. This paper scrutinizes the civilization-based geopolitical approach and analysis. It tests the “civilizational-clash” thesis beyond the Sinic–West relations through the cases of the Sinic–Islamic and Sinic–Hindu relations. An examination and comparison of different civilizational responses to the BRI helps us to develop a critical perspective to investigate the problems in the BRI, in particular the potential civilizational fault-lines along the BRI route. The paper rejects the simplistic version of civilization-based geopolitical analysis as insufficient, problematic, and even misleading. It has sought to refine and nurture a more sophisticated and rigorous approach to the complex connection between the BRI and civilization.

scholarly journals China’s Belt and Road Initiative 2.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Jiahan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Development ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Development Goals

As China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) quickly evolves into an updated version for realizing high-quality development, its long-term success will increasingly depend on how well it can earn international legitimacy and credibility. Since sustainability is a critical source of credibility for the BRI, it is necessary to move the BRI forward by amplifying its role as a development agenda and tapping its potential to support global sustainable development and facilitate implementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda) through delivering more public goods to other developing countries. The BRI projects designed to strengthen infrastructure inter-connectivity can greatly fit the developmental needs of countries along the routes and expedite their achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs), both explicitly and implicitly. Besides, the growing alignment between the BRI and the 2030 Agenda will generate more strengths and opportunities for China to be recognized as an indispensable player in international development cooperation, enhance the capacity of the BRI to manage environmental, social and governance risks in host countries, promote social cohesion and inclusiveness along the routes, and ultimately transcend short-term economic and political interests for China to win the hearts and minds of other stakeholders involved in the BRI.

Western pushback against China will increase

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Public Views ◽  
The Belt And Road

Significance Senior US officials see Communist-led China as the foremost threat to the United States. The Trump administration’s campaign against it spans the spectrum of government actions: criticism; tariffs; sanctions; regulatory crackdowns; military intimidation; support for Taiwan; and restrictions on imports, exports, investment and visas. Impacts Beijing will have little success in driving a wedge between Washington and its major Western allies. The West is unlikely to produce a convincing alternative to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Negative public views of China incentivise China-bashing by politicians, which in turn feeds negative public opinion in a downward spiral. Beijing will persist in its efforts to encourage a more positive view of China among Western publics.

scholarly journals CEEC’s-China mechanism of cooperation and the belt and road initiative: From idea to institutionalisation - six years later

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-336
Author(s):  
Dusko Dimitrijevic ◽  
Nikola Jokanovic
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Policy Position ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Intergovernmental Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The paper analyzes the process of institutionalization of intergovernmental cooperation and coordination of state policies through the mechanism of cooperation between the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEEC) and China, known in the public as ?16 + 1? (i.e., ?17 + 1? starting in 2019). Through an eclectic picture of the development of contemporary international relations, the authors indicate in a methodologically accessible manner that this mechanism of cooperation is a significant impetus for the development of international relations. Since China has taken a dominant role in redefining the Global Management System, whose goals are balanced and sustainable international development, to achieve them, China has identified certain ideological frameworks that are present in its foreign policy through the Belt and Road Initiative. Through this Initiative, China seeks to achieve the broader goals of the New Silk Road development strategy, which not only determines the directions of China?s internal development, but provides guidance for its strategic cooperation with neighbouring countries as well as with countries on other continents. Consequently, the mechanism itself thus plays an important role in strengthening China?s foreign policy position, not only with respect to CEEC, but also with respect to other European countries, including the EU as a whole.

China’s Foreign Aid Training: Targeting Becoming an Influential Culture Sharer

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962094635
Author(s):  
Skylar Biyang Sun ◽  
Xinzhi Xu ◽  
Xiaohang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Fragmented Authoritarianism ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Since the 1990s, China has formalized its short-term foreign aid training for foreign officials and technological personnel. This type of training often lasts for 21 days and participants from invited countries arrive in China for a period of condensed study, with all fees covered by the Chinese government. By the end of 2009, China had organized more than 4000 short-term training programs for over 120,000 personnel from more than 50 countries. Along with the establishment of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and the constructional needs of the Belt and Road Initiative, China has gradually increased the export of its cultural products in foreign aid training. Surprisingly, such national-scale training is largely omitted from current scholarly research. Employing the “fragmented authoritarianism” model, we look at the administrative structure of China’s foreign aid training and provide rudimentary research into the field.

scholarly journals Analysis of SWOT on the Development and Internationalization of China's Vocational Education in the context of “The Belt and Road Initiative” Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Hu ◽  
Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
International Development ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract:The Belt and Road Initiative strategy is proposed based on the stable and sustainable cooperation on economy and development in between China and neighboring countries. The development of economy can affects every aspects of the vocational education development. Therefore, the vocational education in China must be moved towards internationalization in order to achieve sustainable development in the face of the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative strategy. The analysis data obtained through the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis method on the internationalization of China's vocational education under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative strategy were the advantages analysis (strengths) of continuous maturity in  developing of vocational education which drives by economic development and the foreign employment and entrepreneurship guidance mechanism; the disadvantages analysis (weaknesses) of lack talent cultivation and weak branding of vocational education; analysis of support opportunities given by national policy; threats analysis of social culture in the involved countries along the route. In order to further develop and expand China's vocational education under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative strategy, some countermeasures were proposed such as improves cultivation or training of talents, to build strong branding of China vocational education, and faces cultural challenges and etc. to facilitate the international development of China vocational education.

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