scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Kenya – Round 1 Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Olwande
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
First Case ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
The Government

Kenya confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on 12 March 2020. Since then, the government has been providing daily updates on the number of new COVID-19 infections, recoveries and deaths in the country, as well as implementing several interventions to manage the disease. The cumulative numbers as of 12 August 2020 were 27,425 new infections, 13,867 recoveries and 438 deaths, and rising. The objective of this assessment was to understand the effects of COVID-19 on the food system and the sub-set of the population largely dependent on agriculture. The findings were intended to inform actions to assure protection of rural livelihoods and the continued supply of adequate and affordable food of acceptable quality to the population.

scholarly journals A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Boniface ◽  
Christopher Magomba
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Second Wave

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, the pandemic has brought both social and economic impacts to global communities, although to varying degrees. Since the onset of the pandemic, different regions have responded in various ways by taking different measures to fight the pandemic and its effects. In Tanzania, the first case was recorded on 16 March 2020 and, to contain the spread of the virus, on 17 March 2020, the Prime Minister announced measures including the closure of all education institutions, the suspension of public gatherings and international passenger flights, and mandatory quarantine for individuals entering Tanzania. However, in June 2020, the government announced the easing of the restrictions after observing a significant decrease in the COVID-19 infection rate and, despite a subsequent ‘second wave’ of the virus, the government declined to re-institute movement restrictions. This decision led to the implementation of non-tariff trade barriers which were imposed on cargo carrying grain and other exports to neighbouring countries, especially Kenya. The situation became so bad that diplomatic intervention had to be sought. In order to understand the resulting socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis in Tanzania, data were collected in three waves during mid-July2020, October 2020 and February 2021. This paper presents a synthesis of the results of these three survey rounds.

scholarly journals A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Olwande ◽  
Miltone Ayieko ◽  
John Mukundi ◽  
Nicholas Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
First Case ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
The Impact

Kenya confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on 12 March 2020. Like many governments across the world, the Kenyan government implemented various measures aimed at slowing down local spread of the virus and cushioning the population against the negative economic effects of the pandemic and the associated policy restrictions. International organisations and researchers postulated that the measures would negatively affect economic activities and livelihoods, with undesirable implications for poverty and food insecurity. Particularly vulnerable would be populations in developing countries such as Kenya, where many people depend on food systems for their livelihoods, and the majority of those are smallholder farmers who often have low economic power. The objective of this rapid assessment was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the food system and the sub-set of the population largely dependent on agriculture in Kenya to inform actions that can assure protection of rural livelihoods and continued access to adequate and affordable food of acceptable quality to the population. This report presents results of that rapid assessment.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania – Round 1 Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Boniface ◽  
C.G. Magomba
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Government Officials

The first case of COVID-19 in Tanzania was confirmed in March 2020. The government immediately imposed restrictions on mass gatherings, suspended international flights and established special medical camps for COVID-19 patients. They also published guidelines and health measures to be followed by citizens and emphasised these through media and physically through local government officials located across the country.

scholarly journals The Actors, Rules and Regulations Linked to Export Horticulture Production and Access to Land and Water as Common Pool Resources in Laikipia County, Northwest Mount Kenya

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariah Ngutu ◽  
Salome Bukachi ◽  
Charles Olungah ◽  
Boniface Kiteme ◽  
Fabian Kaeser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Semi Arid

Agriculture is the backbone of Kenya’s economy, supporting up to 80% of rural livelihoods. Kenya’s export horticulture is currently the leading agriculture subsector in Kenya and is regarded as an agro-industrial food system based on the economies of scale, producing for mass markets outside of the production area. Much of the food consumed from Kenya’s export horticulture sector has undergone multiple transformations and been subject to a host of formal and informal institutions (rules, regulations, standards, norms and values). Kenya’s export horticulture production, driven by rising global demands, has expanded beyond the ‘traditional’ mountainous high yielding areas into arid and semi-arid (ASALs) zones such as Laikipia County, Northwest of Mount Kenya. An anthropological study of export horticulture viewed as an agro-industrial food system in Laikipia County was carried out utilizing the new institutionalism theory in anthropology to explore the actors, rules and regulations linked to export horticulture production and access to common pool resources. The study employed qualitative data collection methods to collect data over an extended field work period of eight months. The data from 40 in-depth interviews complemented by unstructured observations, four focus group discussions and five key informant interviews was transcribed, coded and analyzed thematically based on the grounded theory approach. This paper, therefore, presents findings from the qualitative case study on the actors as well as the rules and regulations (the institutional settings) of export horticulture production and access to common pool resources from an emic perspective of the involved actors. The formal and informal rules and regulations which form the institutional setting in this food system are viewed as changing and defining the operations of the food system’s access and management of common pool resources, namely water and land. With the agro-industrial food system competing with local food systems such as agro-pastoralism and small holder agriculture for these scarce resources in a semi-arid zone, there is potential for conflict and reduced production, as well as overall benefits to the different actors in the study area.

scholarly journals Urbanisation as driver of food system transformation and opportunities for rural livelihoods

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie de Bruin ◽  
Just Dengerink ◽  
Jasper van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractUrbanisation is changing food systems globally, and in particular in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. This transformation can affect rural livelihoods in multiple ways. Evidence on what enabling conditions are needed to materialise the opportunities and limit risks is scattered. Here we review scientific literature to elaborate on how urbanisation affects food systems, and on the enabling conditions that subsequently shape opportunities for rural livelihoods. We find that urbanisation leads to a rising and changing food demand, both direct and indirect land use changes, and often to more complex market linkages. Evidence shows that a wide range of enabling conditions can contribute to the materialisation of opportunities for rural livelihoods in this context. Reviewed evidence suggests that the connectivity to urban centres is pivotal, as it provides access to finance, inputs, information, services, and off-farm employment. As a result, physical and communication infrastructure, the spatial pattern of urbanisation, and social networks connecting farmers to markets are identified as important enabling factors for the improvement of rural livelihood outcomes. Our findings suggest that coordinated and inclusive efforts are needed at different scales to make sure rural livelihoods benefit from urbanisation and food system transformation.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Zimbabwe - Round 2 Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vine Mutyasira
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
The Government

In response to COVID-19, the Government of Zimbabwe enforced a nationwide lockdown on 30 March 2020, closing most sectors of the economy, including informal markets. However, with limited cases, lockdown movement restrictions were eased and supermarkets, restaurants and vegetable markets allowed to reopen. Between 3-13 October 2020, a second-round (R2) of surveys was conducted, targeting farming communities in Mvurwi and Concession Areas of Mazowe District, to assess COVID-19 impacts on food production systems, supply chains and general livelihoods. This report summarises insights obtained from the phone-based survey, covering 102 respondents (20 female and 82 male-headed households), and 5 local key informants (councillors and extension officers). Results are compared to the earlier R1 survey carried out in late June/early July.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania – Round 2 Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Boniface ◽  
C.G. Magomba
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Agricultural Markets ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Government ◽  
Western Tanzania

On 8 June 2020, the Government of Tanzania officially declared the country to be free of COVID-19 and all restrictions have since been lifted. As of 3 December 2020, Tanzania had only 509 confirmed cases of the virus and 21 deaths. Nevertheless, neighbouring countries are still facing the threat of the pandemic, all of which are key trading partners. Their continuing COVID-19 control measures have disrupted regional and domestic agricultural markets and affected local livelihoods and food systems. This study analysed the resulting impacts in those systems in several rice-producing communities in Morogoro Region, south-western Tanzania.

scholarly journals A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo B. Aromolaran ◽  
Milu Muyanga ◽  
Fadlullah O. Issa ◽  
Oladele Oladeji
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
First Case ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Death Cases

The first case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was reported on 27 February 2020. By 30 March 2020, Nigeria had recorded 131 confirmed cases and two deaths. To mitigate the impending health crisis, the Nigerian Government quickly commenced a series of COVID-19 lockdowns across states in Nigeria on 30 March 2020. These lockdowns lasted for three months before a gradual relaxation began on 1 July 2021. However, infection and death cases in the country increased substantially during the months of substantial relaxation of restrictions between October 2020 and March 2021. This paper presents the results of the rapid assessment study in Nigeria between July 2020 and February 2021, which sought to document and understand the differential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural commercialisation, food and nutrition security, employment, poverty, and well-being in rural households.

scholarly journals Investment Strategies for Increasing the Agribusiness Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 632-643
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Dudnik ◽  
Tatyana A. Cherdakova
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structural Aspects

Nowadays, investment in national agri-food systems is of significant interest, as it is a necessary condition for implementing large-scale technological innovations which are crucial not only for this particular system, but for Russian economy in general. The research aims to study how investments affect the competitiveness of the Russian agri-food system and to propose a conceptual framework for strategic agribusiness management at the regional and national levels. We hypothesise that competitiveness indicators, including cost intensity of production, depend on the investment in agribusiness. Due to low access to credit, agricultural companies look for alternative investment strategies, one of which is investment subsidies in commodity production. The hypothesis was tested by examining a sample of organisations engaged in agri-food production. The sample includes profitable companies investing in production development. Sample analysis confirme d th e initia l hypothesi s that investments into technological modernisation of production significantly influenc e it s competitiveness . Whe n developin g a strategy for increasing the competitiveness of agri-food systems in terms of investment provision, it is advisable to consider not only quantitative (amount of support), but also structural aspects of support. In particular, we suggest the government to introduce the practice of providing investment subsidies to agricultural commodity producers with participation in the recipients’ capital to support their development. The research results can be used in further studies concerning the management of the agribusiness competitiveness.

CREATING STRATEGIC GOALS AND EFFECTIVENESS INDICATORS FOR THE GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1978-1990
Author(s):  
A.P. Potapov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The aim of the work is to substantiate the possibilities of agreeing on strategic goals and performance indicators of the state regulation in developing the country’s agri-food system and local goals for developing agri-food sectors of the regions. The formation of strategic goals and indicators is due to the significant socio-economic differentiation among the regions according to the main characteristics of agricultural production: the provision of resources, the efficiency of their use, territorial location to the centers of product sales, natural, climatic and soil conditions. The diagram of the relationship between goals, objectives andindicators of state policy in the field of regulation of the development of agri-food systems in regions is presented. The forms of interaction between the management systems of the federal and regional levels on the issues of conducting a coordinated socio-economic policy in the agri-food sphere have been identified. These include: the signing of financial agreements between the Russian Ministry of Agriculture and regional authorities regarding the provision of subsidies for specific areas of agricultural policy; decomposition of target indicators for all regions within a separate indicator or direction; allocation of regions with a special status; co-financing of agricultural policy directions between federal and regional budgets; complementing the goals of the federal level through the implementation of similar directions in the structure of regional policy; general consideration of the regional specifics of Russia. The main directions for creating strategic goals and development indicators of increasing the effectiveness of state regulation of agri-food systems in the regions are proposed: equal distribution of state support funds by reducing the excessive concentration of subsidies in the main agricultural regions; updating the established priority directions for the development of the agro-industrial complex in the regions of Russia; taking into account regional production, social and infrastructural opportunities in the formation of directions of state agrarian policy; differentiation of development goals for AFS in the regions.

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