scholarly journals Defining Characteristics of Democracy in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lenhardt
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Civic Space

This report offers a brief overview of the literature on the defining characteristics of democracy in the 21st century. This report seeks to map out a range of conceptual approaches to understanding democracy, evidence on emerging trends in democratisation, and challenges to realising democracy in its varied forms. The report begins with a discussion on definitions of democracy that have emerged in recent decades (Section 2), highlighting a range of qualifiers that are widely used to differentiate and analyse different democratic regime types. Section 3 summarises trends in key indicators of democracy from widely cited observers – The Economist Intelligence Unit and the V-Dem Institute - and recent trends in public opinion towards democracy, according to World Values and Pew Centre surveys. Section 4 gives a very brief overview of three leading challenges to democracy discussed widely in the literature – gender inequality; the role of media and social media; and declining quality of elections, freedom of expression and civic space.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Dominic Shimawua ◽  
◽  
Inienger Christopher ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
National Development ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Sectors

Emerging trends point to good governance as a panacea towards accelerated development in economic, political and social sectors of nations. Nigeria, wishing to realize, promote or maintain economic, political and social strides, should strive to embrace good governance. Efficient political and economic strands promote social order. The leaders and the led should embrace the good governance philosophy if development administration is to meet the underlying rationale it stands for. Both the leaders and the led have their (individual) roles to play to embrace good governance and strengthen development administration. Good governance in development administration is showcased in government‘s ability to design, formulate and implement policies and programmes which are development oriented and committed to the improvement of the quality of life of the citizens. It is especially accepted, that to promote good governance, the civil society should be obedient to the policies or constitutional dictates expected of them. However, the government through its arms should lead while the citizens follow.

scholarly journals Training Librarians for 21st Century Repository Services: Emerging Trends

10.28945/3495 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Helen Emasealu ◽  
Susan Nnadozie Umeozor
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Research Centres ◽  
Oriented Research

The paper reviewed the emerging roles of the 21st century librarians, charged with the responsibility to manage repository services across libraries in present-day information technology environment. Librarians need to be trained and empowered with requisite skills and knowledge needed for successful management of the ICT driven repository initiatives that the 21st century demands. Literature was reviewed on the roles and responsibilities of librarians, training needs and opportunities, career path and recruitment of librarians, and community support necessary for effective and efficient implementation and management of repository initiatives. This entails the ability to comprehend trends and change patterns which are essential for providing research focused and user-friendly models in open repository services that are based on thorough analytical understanding of the challenges of emerging trends. To achieve this requires the training and retraining of librarians to reposition them as information specialists in their career path. The role of the library as an integral part of its social environment is to educate the community about the existence of an open repository by building partnership with community-oriented research centres through seminars, workshops, symposium, training, and awareness programmes. The study recommends that librarians should strategize and collaborate with researchers to make open repository an essential research tool.

scholarly journals Objective evaluation of IFR training flight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Mrocek ◽  
◽  
Filip Škultéty
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Flight Instruction ◽  
The Way

We are living, working, and most importantly, flying in the 21st century, but in many areas still stick to old customs from the pre-millennial times. I have decided to attempt to improve the quality of flight instruction by implementing modern evaluation and debriefing methods to training flights performed in a flight school where I currently perform the role of a flight instructor. In my paper, I am explaining the way the training course is done in our conditions, how it is already different from other schools, what aircraft we use for training and how I evaluate the results of training flights. My research is about the effects of applying modern debriefing methods in our already modern instrument rating courses.

scholarly journals FACILITATING PARTICIPATORY ADVANCEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE USING EXTENDED REALITY SOLUTIONS. THE LITERATURE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Vladas Misius
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Human Computer Interactions ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Modern Technologies

Public engagement and participatory advancement in architecture have entered a new level, as public expectations rise and technological innovations create new opportunities. Stakeholders can contribute to architecture through variety of new technological tools that evolved significantly over the last decade and the key question is how to make architecture better by using them. The paper presents findings of the initial stage of research – exploratory literature analysis of emerging trends for adopting virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR) and other human–computer interactions in urban design and architecture. The goal is to figure out the most recent trends of how public can participate and improve the quality of architecture through modern technologies. The results show that directions of current investigations on participatory advancement in architecture by using extended reality (XR) solutions develop in these main directions: easy to use tools, simulation of space and content, evaluation of results, continuous participation of stakeholders and adoption of XR solutions in architectural design, urban design and landscape architecture.

scholarly journals Russian school of bioethics: a quarter of a century of development

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-527
Author(s):  
F T Nezhmetdinova ◽  
M E Guryleva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Russian School ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems

The article presents the reasons for the emergence and development of bioethics as a scientific direction in the world and in our country. In the end of 21st century, humanity faced the complex of global problems solving which affected its survival nowadays: these are the problems of peaceful coexistence of states and peoples, environmental security, demography, health and quality of life connected to health. The science of bioethics which appeared in 1970s started their discussion, understanding and finding solutions, using interdisciplinary approach, involving the general public and seeking political solutions. At the origins of bioethics stood the American biochemist V.R. Potter and doctor A. Hellegers, and a German pastor Fritz Jahr. Boris Grigorievich Yudin can be considered the founder of the Russian school of bioethics, who defined objectives, tasks, basic science perspective in the light of national and regional peculiarities and modalities and founded the platform for discussions. The development of bioethics in our country was multicentered: it is possible to distinguish Moscow, Volgograd and Kazan centers of science development, each of which has its own outstanding terms of reference. The article presents the authors' view of contribution of the brightest representatives developing bioethics in our country, and role of certain scientific and educational centers.

Prosthodontic Perspectives in Mucormycosis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
P Roshan Kumar ◽  
N Kalavathy ◽  
Mitha M Shetty ◽  
Archana K Sanketh ◽  
Anuradha Venkataramani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Soft Tissue Loss

Rhino-cerebral mucormycosis, a fateful fungal infection which was commonly known to affect the immunocompromised patients, is now thriving in conjunction with Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical intervention are the key factors to extricate the patients. However, this leads to abundant hard and soft tissue loss, leaving behind a huge orofacial defect, along with certain morbidities and psychological trauma, necessitating surgical and prosthodontic rehabilitation. The present paper reviews on role of prosthodontist in various stages of treatment for mucormycosis patients. It also summarizes several treatment modalities including recent trends to rehabilitate the defect and restore the patients’ quality of life.

scholarly journals The Role of Leadership in the Knowledge Management and Innovation Processes in a Modern Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 68-97
Author(s):  
Zenona Ona Atkočiūnienė ◽  
Daiva Siudikienė ◽  
Ingrida Girnienė
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Innovative Leadership ◽  
Innovation Processes

The ability to create innovations is one of the most important sources of a competitive advantage forevery modern organization, region, and state. In today’s context as a particularly significant problem arises the issue of the role of leaders in organizing effective knowledge management and innovation processes. Although the topic of leadership was analyzed quite extensively in the second half of the 20th century, in the 21st century, it is recognized that organizations of this age need a new quality of leadership, as the organizations themselves and their environments are undergoing profound changes. This paper analyzes the changing approaches to leadership and its role in a modern organization, focusing on the concept of innovative leadership and its peculiarities in order to identify the components of this phenomenon and their links to knowledge management and innovation processes. After analyzing significant aspects of this topic, identified were the relationships between innovative leadership, knowledge management, and innovation performance, as well as an integral theoretical model of innovative leadership, knowledge management, and innovation performance for driving continuous innovation performance has been developed.

Consumer-Retailer Identification Enhancing Consumer Well-Being

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Isabella Maggioni
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Meaningful Relationships

Consumer-Retailer Identification (CRI) is a powerful tool for retailers to develop meaningful relationships and strengthen the emotional bond with their customers. Besides showing positive attitudes towards brands that reflect their self-concept, consumers prefer to engage with retailers that are more likely to express and enhance their identity. This alignment between a retailer's image and one's identity has been shown to positively affect consumers' sense of well-being and their overall quality of life. This chapter proposes a framework based on a review of past research on the role of consumer's self-concept in the promotion of consumer well-being in retail settings. Focusing on CRI, the chapter offers directions for future research while discussing emerging trends.

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