scholarly journals K4D’s Work on the Indirect Impacts of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle- Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert-Jan Quak
Keyword(s):  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Many ◽  
Learning Event ◽  
Selection Of

This report is not an in-depth nor exhaustive analysis of the many indirect impacts of the pandemic on LMICs. The content is purely based on the requests from FCDO to the K4D services on this topic, and as such can only give an illustrative overview of the findings from these requests. Furthermore, insights are also taken from the data that K4D collects for each request based on the information provided by advisers and FCDO (e.g. purpose of the request, adviser’s cadre), hence, the data is limited to the information available to the K4D team at the time of the request and the level of details available may vary from one request to the other. The selection of relevant K4D outputs on the pandemic’s indirect impacts was based on an extensive search in the K4D repository on titles and research questions. The Annex shows all K4D outputs included in this report. The purpose of this report is to inform FCDO about some of the specifics of their requests on the indirect impacts of COVID-19, in general. This report will also be used as input for a K4D-FCDO learning event that takes place on the 6th of July 2021. During the event learning and evidence, trends will be discussed and how evidence and learning informed decision-making on policy and programming.

Future Issues in Dissemination and Implementation Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross C. Brownson ◽  
Graham A. Colditz ◽  
Enola K. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation Research ◽  
The Many

This chapter highlights just a sample of the many rich areas for dissemination and implementation research that will assist us in shortening the gap between discovery and practice, thus beginning to realize the benefits of research for patients, families, and communities. Greater emphasis on implementation in challenging settings, including lower and middle-income countries and underresourced communities in higher income countries will add to the lessons we must learn to fully reap the benefit of our advances in dissemination and implementation research methods. Moreover, collaboration and multidisciplinary approaches to dissemination and implementation research will help to make efforts more consistent and more effective moving forward. Thus, we will be better able to identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future dissemination and implementation research, ultimately informing the practice and policies of clinical care and public health services.

scholarly journals Selection of Blood, Blood Components, and Blood Products as Essential Medicines in 105 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Washington T. Samukange ◽  
Helga Gardarsdottir ◽  
Hubert G.M. Leufkens ◽  
Aukje K. Mantel-Teeuwisse
Keyword(s):  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Advancing research on emergency care systems in low-income and middle-income countries: ensuring high-quality care delivery systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 6) ◽  
pp. e001265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel T Moresky ◽  
Junaid Razzak ◽  
Teri Reynolds ◽  
Lee A Wallis ◽  
Benjamin W Wachira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Care Research ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Emergency Care Systems ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Research Questions

Emergency care systems (ECS) address a wide range of acute conditions, including emergent conditions from communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, pregnancy and injury. Together, ECS represent an area of great potential for reducing morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is estimated that up to 54% of annual deaths in LMICs could be addressed by improved prehospital and facility-based emergency care. Research is needed to identify strategies for enhancing ECS to optimise prevention and treatment of conditions presenting in this context, yet significant gaps persist in defining critical research questions for ECS studies in LMICs. The Collaborative on Enhancing Emergency Care Research in LMICs seeks to promote research that improves immediate and long-term outcomes for clients and populations with emergent conditions. The objective of this paper is to describe systems approaches and research strategies for ECS in LMICs, elucidate priority research questions and methodology, and present a selection of studies addressing the operational, implementation, policy and health systems domains of health systems research as an approach to studying ECS. Finally, we briefly discuss limitations and the next steps in developing ECS-oriented interventions and research.

scholarly journals Primary care financing: a systematic assessment of research priorities in low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 8) ◽  
pp. e001483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Goodyear-Smith ◽  
Andrew Bazemore ◽  
Megan Coffman ◽  
Richard Fortier ◽  
Amanda Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Delphi Round ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionFinancing of primary healthcare (PHC) is the key to the provision of equitable universal care. We aimed to identify and prioritise the perceived needs of PHC practitioners and researchers for new research in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) about financing of PHC.MethodsThree-round expert panel consultation using web-based surveys of LMIC PHC practitioners, academics and policy-makers sampled from global networks. Iterative literature review conducted in parallel. First round (Pre-Delphi survey) elicited possible research questions to address knowledge gaps about financing. Responses were independently coded, collapsed and synthesised to two lists of questions. Round 2 (Delphi Round 1) invited panellists to rate importance of each question. In Round 3 (Delphi Round 2), panellists ranked questions in order of importance.ResultsA diverse range of PHC practitioners, academics and policy-makers in LMIC representing all global regions identified 479 knowledge gaps as potentially critical to improving PHC financing. Round 2 provided 31 synthesised questions on financing for rating. The top 16 were ranked in Round 3e to produce four prioritised research questions.ConclusionsThis novel exercise created an expansive and prioritised list of critical knowledge gaps in PHC financing research questions. This offers valuable guidance to global supporters of primary care evaluation and implementation, including research funders and academics seeking research priorities. The source and context specificity of this research, informed by LMIC practitioners and academics on a global and local basis, should increase the likelihood of local relevance and eventual success in implementing the findings.

scholarly journals Improving the global diagnosis and management of asthma in children

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Lenney ◽  
Andrew Bush ◽  
Dominic A Fitzgerald ◽  
Monica Fletcher ◽  
Anders Ostrem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Attendance ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Specific Barriers ◽  
Selection Of

Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children worldwide. It affects daytime activities, sleep and school attendance and causes anxiety to parents, families and other carers. The quality of asthma diagnosis and management globally still needs substantial improvement. From infancy to the teenage years, there are age-specific challenges, including both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis with stigma-related barriers to treatment in some cultures and in adolescents. Guidelines are increasingly evidence based, but their impact on improving outcomes has been negligible in many parts of the world, often due to lack of implementation. New thinking is needed to enable substantial improvements in outcomes. The disease varies globally and plans will need to differ for individual countries or places where region-specific barriers prevent optimal care. A wide selection of educational activities is needed, including community-targeted initiatives, to engage with families. The Paediatric Asthma Project Plan has been initiated to strengthen diagnosis and management of asthma. This encompasses a vision for the next 10–15 years, building on the knowledge and experience from previous educational projects. It will take into account the educational needs of patients, carers and healthcare professionals as well as the accessibility and affordability of medication, particularly in low and middle-income countries where the prevalence of asthma is rising more rapidly. This overview presents a first step for those involved in the diagnosis and management of childhood asthma to strengthen care for children globally.

scholarly journals Does Education Abroad Help to Alleviate Poverty at Home? An Assessment (Distinguished Lecture)

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (4I) ◽  
pp. 439-454
Author(s):  
Christopher Colclough
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Education ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Education Abroad ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Flows of students abroad are increasing rapidly, encouraged by globalisation pressures, by declining quality of university provision in some of the poorest states and by the income needs of northern universities. Students from developing countries are increasingly self-financed, from middle-income countries and from richer families across all countries. The paper argues that both the direct and indirect impacts of these trends on poverty in sending states are likely to be negative. Some increased influence on home policy-formation by the overseas Indian and Chinese diaspora, and increased flows of return migrants to high-growth states in response to targeted recruitment incentives, provide evidence for countervailing tendencies. But for most developing countries, where economic growth is less dynamic, net benefits of international education for poverty alleviation remain unrealised.

scholarly journals Turning ‘evidence for development’ on its head: A view from Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Global South ◽  
African Philosophy ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Global North

The ‘evidence for development’ community aims to produce research that is useful and used to address issues of poverty and inequality, largely in low- and middle-income countries (often referred to as the ‘global South’). The unspoken norm, however, is that much of the engagement, funding and attention is focused on organizations and individuals in the global North, with the assumption that they are effective in supporting the needs of the global South. In this research paper, I explore the initiatives and the individuals and organizations that are working within the ‘evidence for development’ community in Africa, using the lens of the African philosophy of ubuntu. I present findings from a programme of work undertaken across Africa to identify and better understand the innovation in evidence-informed decision-making taking place across the continent. I demonstrate that, while resource-poor and not well publicized, the evidence community in Africa is world leading in a number of respects. These include the interconnections within its continent-wide network, and the engagement of some governments within its ecosystem. Reflecting on these findings, I discuss and critique the underlying foundations of patriarchy, development and coloniality that shape the field of ‘evidence for development’. I highlight how, in an era of decoloniality, post-‘development’ and antipatriarchy, the ‘evidence for development’ community risks becoming outdated and being ineffective if it does not engage with the challenges inherent within these concepts. I argue that using the alternative lens of ubuntu enables us to celebrate the successes of Southern evidence communities, and to work together on a level footing with the North to tackle the challenges of poverty and inequality through better use of evidence.

scholarly journals Disease Control Priorities Third Edition: Time to Put a Theory of Change Into Practice Comment on "Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Is Published: A Theory of Change Is Needed for Translating Evidence to Health Policy"

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai ◽  
Ryan Li ◽  
Amanda Glassman ◽  
Yot Teerawattananon ◽  
Anthony J. Culye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Global Norms ◽  
The Many

The Disease Control Priorities program (DCP) has pioneered the use of economic evidence in health. The theory of change (ToC) put forward by Norheim is a further welcome and necessary step towards translating DCP evidence into better priority setting in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We also agree that institutionalising evidence for informed priority-setting processes is crucial. Unfortunately, there have been missed opportunities for the DCP program to challenge ill-judged global norms about opportunity costs and too little respect has been shown for the wider set of local circumstances that may enable, or disable, the productive application of the DCP evidence base. We suggest that the best way forward for the global health community is a new platform that integrates the many existing development initiatives and that is driven by countries’ asks.

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