scholarly journals EVENT-CANCELLING SEMANTICS OF THE ENGLISH ASPECTUALIZER START AND ITS SERBIAN EQUIVALENT KRENUTI

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Nataša Milivojević
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Dynamic Semantic ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Phase Modification ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
Aspectual Verbs

The paper revisits the issue of semantic equivalency of two aspectual verbs, start and krenuti, which is proposed by xxx (2021a, 2021b). The present analysis focuses on the causative and dynamic semantic features of start and krenuti, with the aim of a contrastive analysis of the aspectual constructions headed by these two verbs. It is shown that both start and krenuti, provided that the necessary linguistic conditions are met, have the ability to “cancel” the event initiated via constructional phase modification. The conditions for such event-cancelling result from the lexical semantics of start and krenuti, as well as from the semantic co-composition on the level of the aspectual construction as a whole. The theoretical frame of the analysis is the presupposition and consequence account by A. Freed (1979). The contrastive analysis and presented theoretical conclusions are backed by a parallel corpus of 200 English and Serbian sentences compiled from the Corpus of Global Web-Based English (GlowBE 2013) and the Corpus of Contemporary Serbian Language (SrpKor 2013). Key words: aspectualizers, aspectual constructions, aspectual event, temporal structure, presupposition and consequence, event-cancelling

Means Of Reproduction Of Communicative Semantics In Synchronous Translation Of English-Language And Chinese-Language Economic And Political Texts In Ukrainian

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Maryna Baklanova ◽  
Oleksandra Popova
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
English Language ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Simultaneous Translation

This article is devoted to the problem dealing with the reproduction of communicative semantics while translating English, Chinese economic and political texts into Ukrainian. The content and structure of simultaneous translation were analysed. A contrastive analysis of the linguistic features of the English, Chinese and Ukrainian communicative semantics was made. Some tactics enabling the reproduction of the texts under research into the Ukrainian language within simultaneous translation were specified. Key words: simultaneous translation, transformations, the Chinese language, the English language, the Ukrainian language, speech tempo, time frame.

The ACTRES parallel corpus: an English–Spanish translation corpus

Corpora ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlén Izquierdo ◽  
Knut Hofland ◽  
Øystein Reigem
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The University

This paper describes the compilation of the ACTRES Parallel Corpus, an English–Spanish translation corpus built at the Department of Modern Languages at the University of León (Spain) by the ACTRES research group. The computerisation of the corpus was carried out in collaboration with Knut Hofland and Øystein Reigem, from the Department of Culture, Language and Information Technology, Aksis, at the UNIFOB/University of Bergen (Norway). The corpus is conceived as a powerful tool for cross-linguistic research in the fields of Contrastive Analysis and Descriptive Translation Studies. It was the need to bridge the gap between these disciplines and to extend applications that encouraged the building of a parallel corpus as a suitable tool to achieve these goals. This paper focusses on the practical aspects of building the corpus. A brief account of the research which prompted this endeavour precedes the description of this process. 4 4 This paper is an account of the building of the ACTRES Parallel Corpus, so no empirical results from research done on the basis of the corpus are reported here. Concerning new insights drawn from the actual use of P-ACTRES in English–Spanish translation and contrastive projects, there is an extended bibliography at: http://actres.unileon.es/

scholarly journals Das deutsche Kopulaverb sein und seine thailändischen Entsprechungen

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Korakoch Attaviriyanupap
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Parallel Corpus

Although German and Thai are typologically different from each other, both languages do have copulative constructions. The verb sein is the most important copular verb in German. Thai does have literary equivalents for this German verb but they involve different verbs. However, only pen and khɯ: are usually considered as Thai copular verbs. This study aims to compare the German verb sein in copulative constructions with pen and khɯ:. The contrastive analysis is based on a bidirectional parallel corpus consisting of 12 Thai and 13 German contemporary short stories and their translation into the other language. Three questions are to be answered: 1) Which forms are found in Thai as equivalents to the German copular verb sein? 2) Which linguistic elements in German occur as equivalents of the Thai copulative constructions with pen and khɯ:? 3) How can the use of copular verbs in German and in Thai be described? The results of this study show that the equivalents of the German copulative constructions with sein are not only pen and khɯ: but also many other constructions. At the same time, the Thai copular verbs are often used differently and may be expressed in various German constructions and, especially in form of punctuations.

scholarly journals Strial level of mountain landscape structure or the effect of striality in the landscape structure of mountainous?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (40) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
O. Fedirko
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Structural Arrangement ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Mountainous Landscape

A discussion has been raised concerning the specific phenomenon of landscape structure of Carpathian mountains, which G. P. Miller has defined as a strial level of the structural arrangement of a mountainous landscape. It is suggested to consider the notion of striality within the universal evolution of spatial and temporal structure of a mountainous landscape. Key words: stria, striality, Carpathians, Roztochya.

scholarly journals Mecanismos de encapsulación nominal en la prensa informativa: estudio contrastivo polaco-español

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-88
Author(s):  
Janusz Bień
Keyword(s):  
Basic Function ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Textual Cohesion

Nominal encapsulators, also referred to by other terms coined in the Spanish tradition (discursive labels), are textual cohesion devices, frequently used in journalistic discourse to condense and summarize the predicative contents of a sentence or a textual sequence. These nominal units (nouns or syntagms) can synthesize texts of different length or even refer to discontinuous fragments. Apart from performing this very basic function founded on the discursive economy of the journalistic genre, the nominal encapsulators allow the author to recategorize the content of the encapsulated segment through different evaluative modifiers and therefore to obtain either a negative or a positive perception of the message by the reader. Given an apparent lack of research on the subject on encapsulation devoted tomore than one language, our purpose is to carry out a contrastive analysis of the said phenomenon in Spanish and Polish in order to juxtapose the values and the frequency of usage of encapsulators with certain characteristics of both languages. Some formal as well as pragmatic and semantic features of nominal devices are thus analysed, namely their encapsulating mechanism, their degree of modification and some of their discursive functions.

What Sort of Theme is there?

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mauranen
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Interesting Issue ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Existential Sentences ◽  
Discourse Functions ◽  
Adaptive Role ◽  
Original Information

Non-referential there has been widely discussed as part of existential sentences, and as an organiser of information in the sentence. Much less attention has been paid to its roles in discourse. As an item without a direct equivalent in many languages, it offers an interesting issue for contrastive analysis: how are its various roles handled in translation? This paper explores uses of thematic there on the basis of a parallel corpus with two-way translations between English and Finnish, focusing on two questions: how translators deal with the information structure of there constructions, and what discourse functions thematic non-referential there is used for. Overall, translators tended to maintain the original information structure, particularly its main focus, without translating word by word, and showing sensitivity to the text level. Pre-topical orienting themes played an adaptive role in focus maintenance. In discourse, there constructions play an important role in organising information: they prospect and introduce new items, new points, topics, and conclusions. In contrast, Finnish appears to use more orienting themes, new topical themes and verb-initial clauses signalling a change of tack in discourse. The findings throw into sharp relief sentences without topic or theme, and question the universality of both phenomena.

scholarly journals Research on Uyghur-Chinese Neural Machine Translation Based on the Transformer at Multistrategy Segmentation Granularity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zhiwang Xu ◽  
Huibin Qin ◽  
Yongzhu Hua
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Translation Model ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Translation Systems

In recent years, machine translation based on neural networks has become the mainstream method in the field of machine translation, but there are still challenges of insufficient parallel corpus and sparse data in the field of low resource translation. Existing machine translation models are usually trained on word-granularity segmentation datasets. However, different segmentation granularities contain different grammatical and semantic features and information. Only considering word granularity will restrict the efficient training of neural machine translation systems. Aiming at the problem of data sparseness caused by the lack of Uyghur-Chinese parallel corpus and complex Uyghur morphology, this paper proposes a multistrategy segmentation granular training method for syllables, marked syllable, words, and syllable word fusion and targets traditional recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks; the disadvantage of the network is to build a Transformer Uyghur-Chinese Neural Machine Translation model based entirely on the multihead self-attention mechanism. In CCMT2019, dimension results on Uyghur-Chinese bilingual datasets show that the effect of multiple translation granularity training method is significantly better than the rest of granularity segmentation translation systems, while the Transformer model can obtain higher BLEU value than Uyghur-Chinese translation model based on Self-Attention-RNN.

scholarly journals Translation as a source of information on text creation – the case of sentence openings in Norwegian and German

2020 ◽  
Vol LXXVI (76) ◽  
pp. 393-408
Author(s):  
Ewa Data-Bukowska
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Way

The paper examines the way declarative sentences are introduced in a text in two closely related languages – Norwegian and German. It aims to reveal to what extent the languages under investigation are similar when it comes to meaning construal in this respect and which mechanisms may be classified as language specific. For the purposes of the study, the Norwegian item DET, which possesses multiple functions in sentence openings, has been chosen as a point of departure in a detailed contrastive analysis based on translation data taken from a parallel corpus. The research shows clear similarities in word order between Norwegian and German in sentence openings. However, in German, the notional subject, complex adverbials and even objects, are clearly preferred as thematic and most prominent parts of an event, while they typically appear in the sentence-final position in Norwegian. These differences in meaning construal are explained on the basis of different perspectives adopted in German and Norwegian – a narrow point of view in the former and a distant one in the latter. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje sposoby rozpoczynania zdań oznajmujących w tekście w dwóch blisko spokrewnionych językach - norweskim i niemieckim. Ma na celu pokazanie w jakim zakresie badane języki są podobne pod tym względem, a jakie mechanizmy można zaklasyfikować jako specyficzne dla danego języka. W przeprowadzonym badaniu za podstawę szczegółowej analizy kontrastywnej, opartej na danych tłumaczeniowych, wybrano zdania zawierające w swojej inicjalnej części norweską jednostkę leksykalną DET, spełniającą wiele funkcji w tym języku. Analiza została przeprowadzona w oparciu o materiał językowy zaczerpnięty z wielojęzycznego korpusu równoległego. Badanie pokazuje wyraźne podobieństwa zachodzące między j. norweskim a j. niemieckim na poziomie inicjalnego szyku zdania w wypowiedzeniach w tekście. Jednak w języku niemieckim podmiot pojęciowy, złożone okoliczniki, a nawet dopełnienia są wyraźnie preferowane jako tematyczne i najbardziej wyraziste elementy zdarzenia, o którym mowa. W języku norweskim zwykle pojawiają się one natomiast w części finalnej zdania. Zaobserwowane różnice są wyjaśniane w oparciu o różne perspektywy preferowane w omawianych językach na płaszczyźnie konstruowania treści w tekście – postrzeganie zdarzenia z bliska w j. niemieckim i z oddalenia w j. norweskim. Wyrazy klucze: funkcjonalna perspektywa zdania, tłumaczenie dosłowne, analiza kontrastywna

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