Trends in analytical techniques for testing animal feed

The challenges for the feed analysis sector will be to ensure feed quality and safety. Innovative strategies need to be implemented to authenticate feed and feed ingredients and to check that they fulfill all labelling obligations. This chapter focusses on the authentication of feed by different but complementary analytical techniques as microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, genomics and proteomics. For each technique, trends are presented and, in addition, some combinations of technologies are shown in order to find solutions for complex situations. Moreover, with the explosion of data provided by the different technologies, Data Science is gaining importance as well as the interest for fast, mobile and greener technologies.

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Techniques for identifying new animal feed ingredients and additives

Developing animal feed products - Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science ◽

10.19103/as.2020.0083.05 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3-44

Author(s):

Jordi Ortuño ◽

◽

Alexandros Ch. Stratakos ◽

Katerina Theodoridou ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Evaluation Systems ◽

In Vitro Methods

The identification of potential novel feed ingredients requires quick and effective analytical techniques to assess their composition and functionality. This chapter provides a practical guide to routine and standard methods to detect the main traits of interest in animal feed ingredients and additives. It discusses techniques to evaluate feed nutritional value, including chemical composition and nutrient digestibility. The chapter reviews different in vitro methods for feed evaluation systems as well as assessment of nutrient molecular structure. The chapter also discusses analysis of feed bioactive compounds and their functionality. The chapter concludes with a case study on seaweeds as a potential novel feed for livestock.

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Stability of Senecavirus A in animal feed ingredients and infection following consumption of contaminated feed

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.14310 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo C. Caserta ◽

Jessica C. G. Noll ◽

Aaron Singrey ◽

Megan C. Niederwerder ◽

Scott Dee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Feed Ingredients

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Balık Beslemede Biyoteknolojik Uygulamalar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v3i3.112-116.215 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Makbule Baylan ◽

Gamze Mazı ◽

Sedat Gündoğdu

Keyword(s):

Cost Reduction ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Fast Rate ◽

Live Weight ◽

Effective Control ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

Alternative Feed ◽

Feed Cost ◽

Digestibility Reduction

In order to put cultured species on the market with high quality and few casualties, many important studies are carried out. Most of the researches are conducted in the development of feed and feed ingredients 30-60% of the production cost in farming. Therefore, in aquaculture, an interest in alternative feed ingredients is moving at a very fast rate. In this context, the use of enzymes, probiotics and prebiotics in animal feed has steadily increased in recent years with reasons such as effective control of fish diseases and prevention of infection, strengthening the immune system of fish, increase of the digestibility, reduction of the feed cost, reduction of larval-term mortality, provision of increase in growth, live weight gain, and getting rid of the negative effects of stress.

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Barothermal Processing of Animal Feed Ingredients

Engineering Technologies and Systems ◽

10.15507/2658-4123.029.201903.428-442 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 428-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vladimir I. Syrovatka ◽

Natalya V. Zhdanova ◽

Aleksandr N. Rasskazov ◽

Dmitriy I. Toropov

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Superheated Steam ◽

High Pressures ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

System P ◽

User Friendly

Introduction. The article substantiates the need for high-temperature processing of feed ingredients. Principles of operation and design features of the applied methods and equipment for feed production are considered. Phase transitions, along with advantages and energy, technological, and technical drawbacks are highlighted. The aim of the study is to justify a possibility of creating high-efficiency production lines using heat treatment of feeds by application of heat valves ensuring continuous loading of raw materials into a reactor and discharge of the treated feed at high pressures and temperatures. Materials and Methods. It is proposed to transfer the process of barothermal processing to a higher zone of the phase diagram of the system p,t (pressure and temperature). This is a section of the superheated steam zone with temperature 300–374 °C, pressure 12–21 MPa and treatment exposure 30–60 seconds, which replaces costly processes of normalizing, expansion, extrusion and granulation. The change in enthalpy in the pressure range 0–21 MPa and temperature range 0–600 °C is shown. Thermal modes are presented as formulas which is the basic condition for the use of digital technologies. Results. The design of the reactor with a thermal gate for loading and unloading, being the main unit of the production line of the feed heat treatment, was proposed. The results of the study are fundamental for the development of the sample flow low-capacity line. Discussion and Conclusion. The transfer of the process of barothermic processing of feed into the zone of superheated steam allows for the transfer of poorly digestible elements of grain and legumes in easily digestible, pathogen-free feed. Advantages of the reactor and line include the user-friendly design, energy saving and possibility of implementation of advanced digital technologies.

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Taurine concentrations in animal feed ingredients; cooking influences taurine content

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1046/j.1439-0396.2003.00434.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (7-8) ◽

pp. 251-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

A. R. Spitze ◽

D. L. Wong ◽

Q. R. Rogers ◽

A. J. Fascetti

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Feed Ingredients

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Stability of classical swine fever virus and pseudorabies virus in animal feed ingredients exposed to transpacific shipping conditions

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.13498 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1623-1632 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana M. M. Stoian ◽

Vlad Petrovan ◽

Laura A. Constance ◽

Matthew Olcha ◽

Scott Dee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Feed Ingredients

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Analysis of Animal Feed Ingredients and Soil Amendment Products Produced from Beef Cattle Manure for Selected Trace Metals Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-43.11.834 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 834-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. VAN WILLIS ◽

AMER EL-AHRAF ◽

DUTT V. VINJAMOORI ◽

KHAIREY AREF

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Soil Amendment ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Metal Levels ◽

Replacement Product

Beef cattle manures have been converted to a water slurry and subjected to centrifugation, flocculution and drying to produce a silage replacement product (CI), a 20% protein powder from the centrifuge supernatant fluid (CII) and a soil amendment product (CIII). These products and the manure slurry were analyzed for their As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Different sample mineralization techniques, metal recovery efficiencies and matrix effects were investigated. Metal concentrations increased in the products in the order of silage replacement, protein and soil amendment. Except for a high iron concentration, the silage replacement product (CI) had concentrations of these metals comparable to those for typical feedlot rations, and metal concentration in the protein fraction (CII) was three to six times higher as compared to the range of metal levels in CI; the soil amendment product (CIII) showed metal concentrations comparable to reported manure values. The effects of these metal concentrations on utility of the silage replacement and protein products as feed ingredients for animal feed rations is discussed.

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Vibrational Spectroscopy for In Vitro Monitoring Stem Cell Differentiation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5554

Author(s):

Francesca Ravera ◽

Esen Efeoglu ◽

Hugh J. Byrne

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽

In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Stem Cell Differentiation ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Stem Cell Technology ◽

Cell Technology

Stem cell technology has attracted considerable attention over recent decades due to its enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. Studying the underlying mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and tissue generation is critical, and robust methodologies and different technologies are required. Towards establishing improved understanding and optimised triggering and control of differentiation processes, analytical techniques such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA in situ hybridisation analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting have contributed much. However, progress in the field remains limited because such techniques provide only limited information, as they are only able to address specific, selected aspects of the process, and/or cannot visualise the process at the subcellular level. Additionally, many current analytical techniques involve the disruption of the investigation process (tissue sectioning, immunostaining) and cannot monitor the cellular differentiation process in situ, in real-time. Vibrational spectroscopy, as a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical technique, appears to be a promising candidate to potentially overcome many of these limitations as it can provide detailed biochemical fingerprint information for analysis of cells, tissues, and body fluids. The technique has been widely used in disease diagnosis and increasingly in stem cell technology. In this work, the efforts regarding the use of vibrational spectroscopy to identify mechanisms of stem cell differentiation at a single cell and tissue level are summarised. Both infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopic investigations are explored, and the relative merits, and future perspectives of the techniques are discussed.

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