Influence of Syzygium cumini extract as feed additives on performance and haematological parameters of commercial broiler chickens

Phytogenies have been widely used as alternative feed additives to replace antibiotics in animal production. The present study aims to evaluate inclusion of S. cumini extract as feed additives on performance and haematological parameters of commercial broiler chickens. A total of 100-day-old commercial chickens (mixed sex) were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates. Each treatment was administrated different level of S. cumini extract in the drinking water (P0=control, P1=0.25 g/l drinking water, P2=0.50 g/l drinking water and P3=1.0 g/l drinking water). Commercial diet was provided during experiment based on nutrition requirement for starter and grower. Water and feed were given ad libitum. Data were collected to measure broiler performances and haematological parameters. One way ANOVA was applied in this study and significantly different among treatments were stated (P≥0.05). The results indicated that inclusion of S.cumini extract as feed additives in drinking water did not significantly affected (P>0.05) on animal performances and haematological parameters of commercial broiler chickens. Therefore, it concluded that S.cumini extract can be applied as alternative feed additive due to no negative effects of the S.cumini iextract on performances and haematological parameters.

THE EFFECT OF OLIVE WASTES FOR POULTRY FEED ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS: A review

The increasing demand for animal products has increased the demand of feed ingredients around the world. However, the decrease in natural resources, cultivated lands, and resulted in continuous supply of feed ingredients. For this reason, studies on alternative feed ingredients are the main interest of scientists. Olive industry by products are one of the major environmental pollutant and these by-products could be potential alternative feed ingredients for livestock /poultry industry. Studies have reported that the reuse of olive by-products in broiler feeding has an impact on environmental, economic and growth performance. Current review will provide the information that olive industry by-products can be used efficiently in broiler feeding. It will also contribute to the elimination of environmental problems caused by the breakdown of such wastes in the environment. However, maintaining the nutritional value, preservation methods and feed incorporation level in order to include these unconventional feed sources in the diet of farm animals is another problem that needs to be studied. This study will provide the evidence that olive industry by-products not only will increase the growth performance of broilers, but increase the olive industry profit and reduce environmental pollution. Keywords: leaves, olive, pomace, pulp, waste recycling.

Improving the Quality of Broiler Duck Carcasses with the Addition of Meniran Plan (Phylanthus niruri L.) Extract as a Feed Additive

The purpose of this research was to determine the improvement of the carcass quality of broiler ducks with the addition of meniran extract as a feed additive. This is based on the fluctuating price of feed 70 – 80% is part of the operational costs and the prohibition on the use of antibiotics requires alternative feed additives that are safe for human consumption. This research was carried out in Juni – August 2021 in Dayu Village, Nglegok District Blitar Regency. The method used is experimental with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The design used is Completely Randomized Design. The result showed that giving meniran extract as a feed additive could improve the carcass quality of broiler duck including carcass weight and carcass percentage and dit not have a significant effect on slaughter weight. It is recommended to use meniran plan extract level 3% to improve the carcass quality of broiler ducks.

PH, KANDUNGAN BAHAN KERING DAN SIFAT FISIK SILASE LIMBAH KOL DENGAN BERBAGAI PENAMBAHAN LEVEL DEDAK PADI

Cabbage waste has the potential to be used as an alternative feed for livestock if the feed is processed sustainably. This study aims to analyze the determine the best level of use of rice bran in making cabbage waste silage seen from physical properties, pH and dry matter content of silage. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were A0 (cabbage waste 100%), A1 (cabbage waste 75% + rice bran 25%), A2 (cabbage waste 50% + rice bran 50%), A3 (cabbage waste 25% + rice bran 75%). The parameters measured include pH, odor, color, texture, presence of mushrooms and dry matter content. The results showed that the substitution of various levels of rice bran on cabbage waste had no significant effect (P 0.05) on the pH, color, texture and presence of mushrooms, had a significant effect (P 0.05) increased the aroma value, and had a very significant effect ( P 0.01) increased the dry matter content of the silage. The best treatment in this study is A3 (cabbage waste 25%, rice bran 75%) because it can increase the odor and dry matter content.

Effect of Olive Cake and Cactus Cladodes Incorporation in Goat Kids’ Diet on the Rumen Microbial Community Profile and Meat Fatty Acid Composition

The olive cake (OC) and the cactus cladodes (CC) are two alternative feed resources widely available in the southern Mediterranean region that could be used in ruminants’ diet. Their impact on the rumen bacterial ecosystem is unknown. This work aims to evaluate their effects on the microbial community and meat fatty acids of goat’s kids. Forty-four goat kids were divided into four groups receiving diets with conventional concentrate, or 35% OC, or 30% CC, or 15% OC, and 15% CC. After 3 months, these animals were slaughtered, and the rumen liquor and longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus muscles samples were collected. Animals receiving a control diet had rumen liquor with high acidity than test groups (p < 0.001). Test rumen liquor was more adapted to digest efficiently their matching diet than control liquor (p < 0.05). These feedstuffs did not affect rumen bacteria abundance and alpha diversity (richness, evenness, and reciprocal Simpson indexes), and these results were confirmed by beta-diversity tests (NMDS plot, HOMOVA, PERMANOVA). The test diets slightly affected the individual fatty acids of meat (p < 0.05) without effect on fatty acids summaries, indexes, and ratios. Thus, these alternative feed resources could take place in goat kids’ diet to diversify their feed and to reduce feed costs.

Mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaves as an alternative feed resources for ruminants

The aim of this research was to get the best treatment for preserving of mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaves as an alternative feed resouces for ruminants. This research used experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 treatments and 5 replications for each treatment. The treatments are: P1 (Mangrove leaves silage) and P2 (Mangrove leaves hay). The variables observed in the in-vitro experiment were in-vitro rument fluid characteristics (pH, NH3, VFA), total gas production and methane gas production. The results of the in-vitro research showed that the P2 treatment (mangrove hay) produced : pH 6,67, VFA 83 Mm, NH3 5,44 mg/100 ml, total production gas for 48 hours 99,7 ml/hour, and methane gas production for 48 hours 65,05 ml/gr DM. From this research can be concluded that the best treatment for preservation of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) was the hay treatment based on the total gas and methane gas production. It can be concluded that the hay mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) can be used as an alternative resource feed for ruminant animals.

In Vitro Digesting Measurement of Cassava Leaves Using Gizzard Fluid and Chicken Duodenum

Cassava leaves are an alternative feed material that can be a feed material with sufficient protein content. The study aimed to determine the effect of gizzard and duodenal fluids on in vitro digesting measurements of cassava leaves. The study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) unidirectional pattern, Variance Analysis (ANOVA) with Duncan's Multiple Range Terst (DMRT) follow-up test using the SPSS application. The study used 4 treatments and 3 repeats: P0: No digestive fluids (controls), P1: Gizzard fluid, P2: Duodenal fluid, P3: A mixture of gizzard and duodenal fluids. The observed variables are the Dry Material Digest Coefficient (KCBK), the Organic Material Digest Coefficient (KCBO), and the Dissolved Protein Digest Coefficient (KCPT). The results of the study that the use of gizzard fluid in in vitro digestion measurements was better in increasing the value of in vitro digestant of cassava leaves. The use of gizzard fluid can increase the digestibility coefficient of organic matter (KCBO) by 21.2160% and the dissolved protein digest coefficient (KCPT) by 50.4620%.

Siklus hidup Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith dengan pakan daun bayam cabut hijau dan daun bayam duri hijau di laboratorium

Spodoptera frugiperda merupakan hama baru di Indonesia yang menyerang tanaman jagung dan memiliki berbagai macam tanaman inang lain. Salah satu tanaman yang dimungkinkan menjadi inang dari hama ini di Indonesia adalah bayam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui lama siklus hidup S. frugiperda yang diberikan pakan daun bayam cabut hijau dan daun bayam duri hijau. Metode penelitian ini yaitu permeliharaan S. furgiperda dengan sumber pakan yang berbeda dan mengamati beberapa parameter. Analisis statistik berupa inferensial, data yang dilakukan dengan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk. Apabila data normal dilakukan uji homogenitas dengan dilanjutkan analisis ANNOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa S. frugiperda pada pakan kontrol (daun jagung) memiliki lama siklus hidup 38 hari, daun bayam cabut hijau 40 hari, dan daun bayam duri hijau 42 hari. Panjang larva S. frugiperda paling panjang didapatan pada pakan daun bayam duri hijau, sedangkan diameter kepala tidak terdapat perbedaan antara ketiga pakan. Bobot larva paling berat didapatkan pada pakan daun bayam cabut hijau. Panjang dan berat pupa S. frugiperda paling tinggi didapatkan pada pakan daun bayam duri hijau. Jumlah jantan paling banyak dihasilkan pada pakan daun bayam cabut hijau dan daun bayam duri hijau, sedangkan jumlah betina paling banyak dihasilkan pakan kontrol. Jumlah telur paling banyak dihasilkan pada pakan kontrol dan paling sedikit pada bayam duri hijau. Pakan bayam cabut dan bayam duri daun bayam cabut hijau dan bayam duri hijau dapat digunakan sebagai pakan alternatif bagi S. frugiperda di laboratorium. Kata kunci: pakan alternatif; perkembangan; pertumbuhan; Spodoptera frugiperda ABSTRACTLife cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith with green spinach and green thorn spinach leaves in the laboratory. Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest in Indonesia that attacks maize and has a wide variety of other host plants. One of the plants that is possible to host this pest in Indonesia is spinach. The purpose of this study was to determine the length of the life cycle of S. frugiperda which was fed with green spinach leaves and green thorn spinach leaves. This research method is the maintenance of S. furgiperda with different feed sources and observing several parameters. Statistical analysis in the form of inferential, the data was done by using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. If the data is normal, the homogeneity test is carried out followed by ANNOVA analysis. The results showed that S. frugiperda in control diets (corn leaves) had a life cycle length of 38 days, green spinach leaves 40 days, and green thorn spinach leaves 42 days. Thelarvae of longestS. frugiperda were found in green thorn spinach leaf feed, while there was no difference in head diameter between the three diets. The heaviest larval weight was found in green pulled spinach feed. Thelength and weight ofpupa were S. frugiperda highestfound in green thorn spinach leaf feed. The highest number of males was produced in green spinach leaf and green spinach leaf feed, while the highest number of females was produced in control feed. The highest number of eggs was produced in the control feed and the least was the green thorn spinach. Spinach feed and spinach spines, green pulled spinach and green spiny spinach can be used as an alternative feed for S. frugiperda in the laboratory. Keywords: alternative food; development; growth; Spodoptera frugiperda