Valuing plant genetic resources in genebanks: Past, present and future

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Melinda Smale ◽  
◽  
Nelissa Jamora ◽  
Luigi Guarino ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Applied Economics ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
Economics Literature

Though the intrinsic value to society of plant genetic resources conserved in genebanks may be recognized, assigning a cardinal value to them remains elusive. This chapter summarises the main messages from applied economics literature on genebank values that began in the late 1990s, a recent set of studies undertaken by the CGIAR Genebank Platform and Crop Diversity Trust, and assessments of national genebanks. Three points are salient: the value of information; the demand for a diversity of approaches to document the diversity of ways that genebanks benefit society; and the need to establish priorities for collecting and conservation based on cost-effectiveness. Cost-effectiveness will require a) carefully targeted investments in characterization, evaluation, and genotyping, along with management of the resulting data, and its use to develop packages of breeder- and researcher-oriented materials, and b) investment in supportive research and various organizational optimization procedures, including automation.

scholarly journals On-Farm Crop Diversity for Advancing Food Security and Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Furman ◽  
Arshiya Noorani ◽  
Chikelu Mba
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Farm Crop ◽  
On Farm

In 2019, nearly 690 million people were hungry, indicating that the achievement of Zero Hunger by 2030 is not on-track. The enhanced conservation and use of crop diversity, which demonstrably improves farm productivity and hence food security and nutrition, could be one of the solutions to this problem. The broadening of the inter- and intra-specific diversity of crops contributes to dietary diversification and nutrition and improves the resilience of production systems to shocks, especially the biotic and abiotic stresses attributed to climate change. Examples of successful interventions that resulted in enhanced on-farm crop diversity are provided. Relevant tools and guidelines to strengthen national capacities for the enhanced on-farm management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture are also highlighted. Guidance, based primarily on the Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, is presented to enable the conservation of farmers’ varieties/landraces, their genetic improvement and seed delivery systems; promote their cultivation, consumption and marketing; develop and implement policies; foster partnerships and strengthen requisite institutional and human capacities. Finally, the case is made for research and development, including using modern techniques, to achieve these aims.

Ex-situ conservation of medicinal plant genetic resources managed by national agrobiodiversity center of Korea

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Sung ◽  
CW Jeong ◽  
YY Lee ◽  
HS Lee ◽  
YA Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ

CLUSTERBEANS Cyamopsis tetragonolоba (L.) Taub. — PROPERTIES, USE, PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES AND EXPECTED INTRODUCTION IN RUSSIA (review)

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Dzyubenko ◽  
◽  
E.A. Dzyubenko ◽  
E.K. Potokina ◽  
S.V. Bulyntsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources

ALLOCATION OF SOURCES AND DONORS OF ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS FROM THE COLLECTION MATERIAL OF CUCUMBER TO CREATE HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
N. V. Kulyakina ◽  
G. A. Kuzmitskaya ◽  
T. K. Yurechko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Far Eastern

The downy mildew (peronosporosis) is the most dangerous and harmful cucumber disease in the Far-Eastern region. Its harmfulness is the highest during the period of flowering – fruiting, because it may completely ruin the cucumber plants both in open and protected ground. Use of cucumber sorts with effective genes that are resistant to the disease is the most efficient way to fight cucumber peronosporosis. In this connection the publication adduces the facts of study the sorts and hybrids of different ecological and geographical origin from the genetic resources collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in comparison with three zoned sorts of DV NIISH selection – Mig, Khabar, Amurchonok. The aim of researches – to identify the sort samples cucumber according to the main economically valuable traits and also to the degree resistance of genetypes to the main disease of the culture in the region – downy mildew (peronosporosis), for allow to select the source material for the creation of sorts and hybrids, highly productive and resistant to biotic and abiotic stress environmental factors in the monsoon climate conditions of Khabarovsk region. The perspective genetypes having both the resistance to the diseases and productivity are not revealed as a result of the evaluation of the collection of cucumber samples according to their susceptibility by fungus diseases and productivity. Slavyanskiy (Belarus) is more resistant to peronosporosis, especially in 2016 year conditions, although it was inferior to the damage degree of disease to the zoned sorts – Mig, Khabar, Amurchonok. This perspective sample is planned to be used as a source of donors of the main economically valuable traits in a further selective work.

Current situation with the core collection of spring triticale of the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
S.V. Chernobai ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
T.B. Kapustina ◽  
V.S. Melnyk ◽  
O.E. Shchechenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Spring Triticale

Goal. To build up a spring triticale genetic bank to provide breeding, scientific and educational institutions with initial material and to preserve the existing diversity. To update the database of accessions with a set of valuable economic and morphological features. Results and discussion. The methodology and results of the collection formation and evaluation of spring triticale accessions in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine of Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev are presented. The formed collection includes 1,935 accessions from 27 countries: 42 varieties and 1,478 breeding lines from Ukraine, 92 varieties and 248 lines from foreign countries and also 75 genetic lines. The collection was formed by major valuable economic features (plant height, growing season length, spike threshing, yield, 1000-grain weight, disease resistance, technological properties, etc.). Accessions with the majority of morpho-biological and valuable economic features were selected. All the accessions in the collection are certificated. 1,762 accessions were packed for storage into the National Depository; 1,507 of them were packed for long-term storage. Conclusions. The gene pool of spring triticale from the collection of the Gene Bank of Plants of Ukraine is widely used for breeding. This allows conducting hybridization of genetically and ecologically remote forms with various expressions of features and obtaining whole new breeding material. Involvement of collection accessions in breeding allows generating new genetic sources of valuable economic features.

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