Current situation with the core collection of spring triticale of the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
S.V. Chernobai ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
T.B. Kapustina ◽  
V.S. Melnyk ◽  
O.E. Shchechenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Spring Triticale

Goal. To build up a spring triticale genetic bank to provide breeding, scientific and educational institutions with initial material and to preserve the existing diversity. To update the database of accessions with a set of valuable economic and morphological features. Results and discussion. The methodology and results of the collection formation and evaluation of spring triticale accessions in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine of Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev are presented. The formed collection includes 1,935 accessions from 27 countries: 42 varieties and 1,478 breeding lines from Ukraine, 92 varieties and 248 lines from foreign countries and also 75 genetic lines. The collection was formed by major valuable economic features (plant height, growing season length, spike threshing, yield, 1000-grain weight, disease resistance, technological properties, etc.). Accessions with the majority of morpho-biological and valuable economic features were selected. All the accessions in the collection are certificated. 1,762 accessions were packed for storage into the National Depository; 1,507 of them were packed for long-term storage. Conclusions. The gene pool of spring triticale from the collection of the Gene Bank of Plants of Ukraine is widely used for breeding. This allows conducting hybridization of genetically and ecologically remote forms with various expressions of features and obtaining whole new breeding material. Involvement of collection accessions in breeding allows generating new genetic sources of valuable economic features.

scholarly journals AEGIS, the Virtual European Genebank: Why It Is Such a Good Idea, Why It Is Not Working and How It Could Be Improved

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Theo van Hintum ◽  
Johannes M. M. Engels ◽  
Lorenzo Maggioni
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Umbrella Organization ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

Europe is very active in terms of conserving plant genetic resources, with hundreds of genebanks and thousands of dedicated people involved. However, the resulting infrastructure is, along with being very expensive, far from efficient and not very reliable. In this opinion paper, the authors describe how this situation arose, and why the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR), the collaborative umbrella organization of the European countries involved, has not been able to improve this situation so far significantly. The principles of the decentralized virtual genebank (AEGIS) are described, and an analysis is made of the reasons for its lack of success. Possible changes for making AEGIS a success, or at least steps in the right direction, are proposed. These changes center around the creation of a system of certified genebanks with proper quality management, guaranteeing the long-term conservation of, and immediate access to the plant genetic resources conserved in it.

Conservation and use of global plant genetic resources for insect resistance

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Quisenberry ◽  
S. L. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
Total Crop

Insect and mite damage accounts for a significant level (30−70%) of total crop production losses. Conservation and use of plant genetic resources are required to endow crops with pest resistance, as well as to enhance crop yields and nutritional qualities. Advancements in molecular genetic technologies have the potential to facilitate the introgression of insect resistance genes from conserved and unadapted germplasm into cultivated crops. Long−term food security and the sustainability of agricultural productivity worldwide can be enhanced with the conservation and use of global plant genetic resources.

scholarly journals Research, conservation and utilisation of plant genetic resources and agro-biodiversity enhancement – Contribution of the Research Institute of Crop Production Prague-Ruzyně

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dotlačil ◽  
Z. Stehno ◽  
I. Fáberová ◽  
A. Michalová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Hulled Wheat ◽  
Neglected Crops ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Passport Data ◽  
National Information ◽  
Research Institute

Activities on plant genetic resources in the Czech Republic are concentrated in the National Programme on Conservation and Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources. Eleven institutions maintain 51,000 accessions, of which 17.3% belong to vegetatively propagated species. Research Institute of Crop Production (RICP) Prague has the responsibility for the coordination of the Programme; it holds more than half of all accessions in collections of genetic resources, runs the national information system and provides long-term storage for all seed-propagated species. All Czech collections are fully documented in passport data. Evaluation data (based on National descriptor lists for 29 crops) are available for 33% of the accessions. Much work is currently spent to the description and evaluation of collections, to facilitate their utilisation in breeding and agricultural practice. Also collecting missions on the Czech territory, conservation and monitoring of valuable resources maintained in situ contributeto the maintenance and evaluation of local resources. Landraces are considered a valuable part of the collections. Suitable ways of “on farm” conservation are investigated for selected accessions, to support their utilisation in agricultural practice and to enrich the existing diversity of crops and cultivars. Cultivars and landraces of neglected crops (buckwheat, millet, hulled wheat species) were successfully used to enrich the agro-biodiversity and for specific purposes of human nutrition. Close collaboration with producers (often organic farms) and processing industry has been established. Selected alternative crops and catch crops were studied as potential new crops.

scholarly journals Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
Jane Muthoni ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Rob Melis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Natural Habitats

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

scholarly journals Creation of a Network of Seed Sites for In-Situ Conservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Genetic Resources in Lithuania

Botanica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juozas Labokas ◽  
Birutė Karpavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Priority List ◽  
National Priority ◽  
National Priority List

AbstractTwenty six seed (genetic) sites were established for long-term in-situ conservation of medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) genetic resources in Lithuania over the period 2006–2017. The sites vary in size from 0.4 to 38.0 ha with an average of 7.2 ha. Most of the sites (73%) occur in the existing protected areas. They represent 10 of 22 physical geographical areas of Lithuania and accommodate 120 priority MAP species, which is about 89% of the national priority list. Prioritization of MAP species was based on the monographs of European Pharmacopoeia, European Medicines Agency, World Health Organization as well as German Phytotherapeutic Monographs and other regional and national medicinal plant references. A concept was followed of the dual function and perception of food as medicine, and, vice versa, an approach based on a co-evolutionary relationship between human food and medicine. It was established that only 46 priority species, or 34% of the national priority list, were represented by five and more populations, which is considered as minimum for long-term in-situ conservation. The future conservation planning efforts should focus on at least 15 unrepresented species, 49 species represented at 1–2 sites each and 25 species represented at 3–4 sites each. The MAP site network should expand by covering preferably the remaining 12 physical geographical areas of the country.

Patents and the CGIAR system of International Agricultural Research Centres' germplasm collections under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
International Agricultural Research ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Research Centres

A key controversy in negotiating the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and the likely long-term effectiveness of the agreement, is the way in which the intellectual property provisions are interpreted and applied to the key genetic resources forming the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system of International Agricultural Research Centres' (IARC) collections. This paper reviews the intellectual property provisions in the treaty and examines the likely consequences from patenting under the Patents Act 1990 over materials derived from these collections. The consequence is argued to be significant and, over time, these practices are likely to deplete the usefulness of these collections and undermine the relevance of the treaty. The paper concludes that Australia's interests might best be served by arguing that access to these collections, and the other materials under the treaty, be subject to a non-exclusive, royalty free licence for any use of the derived materials to develop useful new plant varieties.

scholarly journals LANDRACES OF VEGETABLES AND CUCURBITS FROM KAZAKHSTAN INTO VIR COLLECTION AS INITIAL MATERIAL FOR THE BREEDING

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
A. M. Artemyeva ◽  
T. M. Piskunova ◽  
I. V. Gashkova ◽  
T. V. Khmelinskaya ◽  
I. A. Khrapalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
The Republic

The article gives a historical overview of expeditionary surveys of the Republic of Kazakhstan territory by the VIR employees with the aim of collecting local vegetable and melon crops from the first expedition in 1925 and to present days. A total of 13 expeditions of VIR were carried out across Kazakhstan, including cooperative surveys with employees of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing. The role of Vavilov and his associates in the formation of the Institute's collections, the continuity of ideas and traditions in the scientific work with plant genetic resources are emphasized. The analysis of the dynamics of receipt of expeditionary samples in the collection of VIR is given. The current state and significance of local vegetable resources of vegetable and melon crops of Kazakhstan for breeding use in the Russian Federation is shown. The botanical status of the collected seed material is reflected and the results of long-term comprehensive ecological and geographical study of the collection at VIR stations are presented. Genetic sources of valuable traits are identified in various directions of breeding in cabbage, tomato, carrot, radish, radish, watermelon, melon and pumpkin for use in breeding programs. It is emphasized that the creation of highly productive varieties and plant hybrids that combine high quality with resistance to a complex of biotic and abiotic factors can be successful in breeding with the wide use of wild species, semi-cultural and primitive forms and local varieties with a high degree of adaptation . Taking into account the exclusion of local varieties from production by highly productive varieties, the role of preserving their variability in gene banks is growing. Long-term international scientific cooperation contributes to the solution of the tasks of mobilizing plant resources by conducting expedition collections, conservation and rational use of plant genetic resources.

scholarly journals A modified droplet vitrification method for cryopreservation of shoot tips from in vitro potato plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Gavrilenko ◽  
N. A. Shvachko ◽  
N. N. Volkova ◽  
Yu. V. Ukhatova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Droplet Vitrification ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Common Potato ◽  
The Impact

Collections of common potato maintained in the field genebanks suffer significant losses due to the impact of extreme environmental factors, diseases and pests. The solution of the problem of safe long-term preservation of common potato accessions is to create doublet in vitro and cryo-collections. Cryogenic collections are stored at ultra-low temperatures in cryobanks. Several methods of potato cryoconservation are known, of which the droplet vitrification method developed by B. Panis with colleagues in 2005 is the most widely used in genebanks. This paper provides a detailed description of the modified method of droplet vitrification, which is used for cryopreservation of apexes (shoot tips) of potato in vitro plants at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). The method modified at VIR includes the main steps of the original droplet-vitrification method developed by B. Panis and colleagues: 1) preparation of plant material, 2) isolation of shoot tips, 3) treatment of explants with cryoprotector solutions, 4) freezing/immersion in liquid nitrogen, 5) thawing, 6) post-cryogenic recovery and evaluation of viability and regeneration capacity. The modifications of stages 1, 2 and 6 proposed at VIR lead to a significant reduction in the duration of cryopreservation experiments in comparison with the original method of B. Panis. This paper presents the results of cryopreservation of modern potato cultivars and South American landraces which were obtained using the method of droplet vitrification as modified at VIR. The majority (76.7 %) of the studied accessions of cultivated potato were characterized by high rates of postcryogenic recovery (40–95 %) and 23.3 % of the samples had the values of postcryogenic regeneration from 20 to 39 %, which corresponds to the minimal permissible values for long-term storage in a cryobank. Currently the modified droplet-vitrification method is used for further expanding of the VIR potato cryocollection.

scholarly journals Preservation of zebrafish genetic resources through testis cryopreservation and spermatogonia transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Marinović ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Jelena Lujić ◽  
Yoshiko Iwasaki ◽  
Zsolt Csenki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Zebrafish is one of the most commonly used model organisms in biomedical, developmental and genetic research. The production of several thousands of transgenic lines is leading to difficulties in maintaining valuable genetic resources as cryopreservation protocols for eggs and embryos are not yet developed. In this study, we utilized testis cryopreservation (through both slow-rate freezing and vitrification) and spermatogonia transplantation as effective methods for long-term storage and line reconstitution in zebrafish. During freezing, utilization of 1.3 M of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) displayed the highest spermatogonia viability (~60%), while sugar and protein supplementation had no effects. Needle-immersed vitrification also yielded high spermatogonia viability rates (~50%). Both optimal slow-rate freezing and vitrification protocols proved to be reproducible in six tested zebrafish lines after displaying viability rates of >50% in all lines. Both fresh and cryopreserved spermatogonia retained their ability to colonize the recipient gonads after intraperitoneal transplantation of vasa::egfp and actb:yfp spermatogonia into wild-type AB recipient larvae. Colonization rate was significantly higher in dnd-morpholino sterilized recipients than in non-sterilized recipients. Lastly, wild-type recipients produced donor-derived sperm and donor-derived offspring through natural spawning. The method demonstrated in this study can be used for long-term storage of valuable zebrafish genetic resources and for reconstitution of whole zebrafish lines which will greatly improve the current preservation practices.

scholarly journals Low RIN Value for RNA-Seq Library Construction from Long-Term Stored Seeds: A Case Study of Barley Seeds

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Marta Puchta ◽  
Maja Boczkowska ◽  
Jolanta Groszyk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Library Construction ◽  
Rna Integrity ◽  
Seed Aging ◽  
Rna Integrity Number ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Viable Seeds

Seed aging is a complex biological process and its fundamentals and mechanisms have not yet been fully recognized. This is a key issue faced by research teams involved in the collection and storage of plant genetic resources in gene banks every day. Transcriptomic changes associated with seed aging in the dry state have barely been studied. The aim of the study was to develop an efficient protocol for construction of RNA-Seq libraries from long-term stored seeds with very low viability and low RNA integrity number (RIN). Here, barley seeds that have almost completely lost their viability as a result of long-term storage were used. As a control, fully viable seeds obtained in the course of field regeneration were used. The effectiveness of protocols dedicated to RNA samples with high and low RIN values was compared. The experiment concluded that library construction from low viable or long-term stored seeds with degraded RNA (RIN < 3) should be carried out with extraordinary attention due to the possibility of uneven degradation of different RNA fractions.

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