scholarly journals Geochemical features of Malyutka ore-bearing massif rocks, Khudolaz complex, South Urals: evidence of hydrothermal reprecipitation of siderophile and chalcophile elements

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
I. R. Rakhimov ◽  

Hydrothermal processes play an important role in the reprecipitation of ore elements, but it is difficult to characterize their qualitative and quantitative parameters for large objects. The compact homogeneous internal structure of the ultramafic massif Malyutka of the Khudolaz differentiated complex provides a good opportunity to characterize the features of the hydrothermal reprecipitation of mobile elements in it. The geochemical features of barren and ore-bearing variously altered rocks of the Malyutka massif have been studied using the methods of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP MS) analyzes. The results show a strong depletion of ores by siderophile (Ni, Co) and chalcophile (S, Cu, As, Se, Cd, Bi, Pb and many others) elements under hydrothermal influence, which is consistent with the postmagmatic dissolution and replacement of sulfide minerals not only by secondary sulfides, but also silicates. Leaching led to a reprecipitation of these elements, mainly to dispersion, both inside the intrusion and outside it. Most lithophile macro- and microelements have not reprecipitated significantly in hydrothermal conditions.

Agrociencia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-434
Author(s):  
Juliana Padilla-Cuevas ◽  
Hernani T. Yee-Madeira ◽  
Agustín Merino-García ◽  
Claudia Hidalgo ◽  
Jorge D. Etchevers

Las técnicas para analizar los elementos esenciales o tóxicos para las plantas y los seres humanos, ha experimentado un acelerado desarrollo en los últimos tiempos, tanto en las convencionales o clásicas, que requieren la solubilización de la muestra, como en otras emergentes que no la requieren. Las técnicas convencionales avanzadas y las no destructivas se usan poco por los investigadores en genética, agronomía, nutrición, fisiología, biología, para evaluar la composición y calidad nutrimental de alimentos, cuantificar elementos metálicos esenciales y tóxicos, diagnosticar el estado nutrimental de los cultivos y estudiar alimentos funcionales. Estas técnicas analíticas se pueden aplicar, además, a suelos, abonos y fertilizantes. El objetivo de este ensayo es difundir las posibilidades de aplicación y los principios básicos de estas técnicas analíticas emergentes. La espectrometría de emisión por atomización con plasma inductivamente acoplado (ICP, Inductively coupled plasma) y la de ICP masas (ICP-MS, Mass spectrometry with inductive coupling plasma) tienen mayor interés que las técnicas clásicas usadas en los laboratorios de los países de escaso desarrollo, como las espectrometrías de emisión (AES, Atomic emission spectrometry) y absorción atómica (AAS, Atomic absorption spectrometry), que requieren solubilización de la matriz. La ICP-MS y la ICP tienen ventajas para el análisis simultáneo de contenidos totales de la mayoría de los elementos esenciales para el crecimiento de los vegetales. Entre las técnicas no destructivas de la matriz, la mayoría de las consideradas en este ensayo se basan en la interacción de los rayos X con la materia, como fotoemisión de rayos X (XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry), emisión de rayos X inducida por partículas (PIXE, Particle induced X-ray emission), fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF, X-ray fluorescence) y espectrometría de dispersión de energía de rayos X (EDS, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), similares en sus fundamentos. Estas técnicas, a diferencias de las anteriores, no requieren solubilizar la muestra o su preparación es mínima. Otras ventajas son su rapidez, la realización de análisis multielemental simultáneo, tamaño pequeño de muestra, adquisición de la distribución de elementos químicos en la muestra y generar mapas en dos dimensiones. Las cuatro técnicas descritas más arriba analizan contenidos totales. PIXE y XRF presentan mayor sensibilidad que las otras dos para cuantificar elementos traza en concentraciones de partes por millón, y estas dos más EDS se pueden acoplar a microscopios ad hoc para obtener la distribución de elementos químicos y hacer mapeos. La técnica XPS permite analizar fracciones iónicas en estudios de estados de oxidación de los elementos, pero las concentraciones en las muestras deben ser superiores a 0.1% en peso. Las aplicaciones de las técnicas no destructivas generan información complementaria a las clásicas y aportan conocimiento básico. Otras ventajas es que la preparación de las muestras requiere menos tiempo, excepto cuando se requieren mapeos. Su capacidad para ejecutar multianálisis permite reducir costos. En México y otros países hay grupos de investigación especializados en estas técnicas, pero es necesario desarrollar e implementar aplicaciones para realizar análisis de matrices biológicas como vegetales (semillas, hojas, etc.), alimentos, abonos y matriz orgánica de los suelos. Un conocimiento más profundo de estas técnicas permitirá la interacción de grupos de investigación y generar información para estudios de ciencia básica en agronomía y alimentos.


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yuan ◽  
Yanheng Li ◽  
Jingsen Fan

In this paper, the geochemical characteristics of the trace elements of the No. 6 coal seam from Tanggongta mine, Jungar Coalfield, were studied using the methods of an energydispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometric (XRF) techniques. The content of sulfur ranges from 0.09% to 2.83% (1.09% on average). The ash is from 11.70% to 31.47% (20.72% on average), and the moisture is from 2.72% to 6.82% (4.72% on average). The main minerals are kaolinite, carbonate minerals and pyrite. Compared with the average values of Chinese coal, the contents of Ga, Cd, Tl, Li, Sr, and Ag are high. Compared with the values of world coal, Li and Sr are found at high levels. The distribution mode of the REE shows that LREE is concentrated, but HREE is relatively low. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most likely source of the coal’s Li. The bauxite of the Benxi formation could be another source of the coal’s Li in the NE Jungar Coalfield.


Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Karampelas ◽  
Fatima Mohamed ◽  
Hasan Abdulla ◽  
Fatema Almahmood ◽  
Latifa Flamarzi ◽  
...  

The present study applied Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on a large number of natural and cultured pearls from saltwater and freshwater environments, which revealed that freshwater (natural and cultured) pearls contain relatively higher quantities of manganese (Mn) and barium (Ba) and lower sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr) than saltwater (natural and cultured) pearls. A few correlations between the host animal’s species and chemical elements were found; some samples from Pinctada maxima (P. maxima) are the only studied saltwater samples with 55Mn >20 ppmw, while some P. radiata are the only studied saltwater samples with 24Mg <65 ppmw and some of the P. imbricata are the only studied saltwater samples with 137Ba >4.5 ppmw. X-ray luminescence reactions of the studied samples has confirmed a correlation between its yellow-green intensity and manganese content in aragonite, where the higher Mn2+ content, the more intense the yellow-green luminescence becomes. Luminescence intensity in some cases is lower even if manganese increases, either because of pigments or because of manganese self-quenching. X-ray luminescence can be applied in most cases to separate saltwater from freshwater samples; only samples with low manganese content (55Mn <50 ppmw) might be challenging to identify. One of the studied natural freshwater pearls contained vaterite sections which react by turning orange under X-ray due to a different coordination of Mn2+ in vaterite than that in aragonite.


2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Mei-Ju Hou ◽  
Chi-Jen Shih

The main objective of this study is to characterize the in vitro osteo inductive behavior of pearl nano crystallites. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and inductively coupled plasma mass (ICP-MS) analysis demonstrate that the pearls can induce the formation of a hydroxyl apatite (HA) layer on their surface in simulated body fluid (SBF), even after only short soaking periods. Further, MC3T3-E1 cells can easily attach and spread on the pearl powders after 1 h of cultivation.


Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sorokina ◽  
Mikhail Rassomakhin ◽  
Sergey Nikandrov ◽  
Stefanos Karampelas ◽  
Nataliya Kononkova ◽  
...  

Blue sapphire of gem quality was recently discovered in spinel–chlorite–muscovite rock within meta-ultramafites near the Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex in the Ilmen Mountains of the South Urals. More than 20 minerals were found in the assemblage with the blue sapphire. These sapphire-bearing rocks are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE (with the negative Eu anomalies) with REE distribution similar to those in miascites (nepheline syenite) of the Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex. 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the sapphire-bearing rocks varied from 0.7088 ± 0.000004 (2σ) to 0.7106 ± 0.000006 (2σ): epsilon notation εNd is −7.8. The Rb-Sr isochrone age of 289 ± 9 Ma was yielded for the sapphire-bearing rocks and associated muscovite. The blue sapphires are translucent to transparent and they have substantial colorless zones. They occur in a matrix of clinochlore-muscovite as concentric aggregates within spinel-gahnite coronas. Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses showed values with trace elements typical for “metamorphic” blue sapphires, with Ga/Mg < 2.7, Fe/Mg < 74, Cr/Ga > 1.5 (when Cr is detectable), and Fe/Ti < 9. Sapphires overlap “metasomatic” at “sapphires in alkali basalts” field on the FeO–Cr2O3–MgO–V2O3 versus FeO + TiO2 + Ga2O3 discriminant diagram. The sapphires formed together with the spinel-chlorite-muscovite rock during metasomatism at a contact of orthopyroxenites. Metasomatic fluids were enriched with Al, HSFE, and LILE and genetically linked to the miascite intrusions of Ilmenogorsky complex. The temperature required for the formation of sapphire–spinel–chlorite–muscovite rock was 700–750 °C and a pressure of 1.8–3.5 kbar.


2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Sovar ◽  
C. Ducu ◽  
D. Iordachescu ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu

The present work is focused on the stability of bioactivated CoCr alloy in biological environment (buffered saline solution (PBS), lactic acid, citric acid). The chemical and electrochemical deposition was characterized by electrochemical methods (open circuit potential, cyclic voltametry), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) and citotoxicity test. The results prove a good electrochemical stability in all cases.


2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Perdikouri ◽  
A. Kasioptas ◽  
C. V. Putnis ◽  
A. Putnis

AbstractExperiments were performed to investigate the transformation of natural aragonite crystals to calcite by reaction with aqueous solutions of calcium carbonate at hydrothermal conditions for different periods of time. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used to characterize the reaction product. The results indicate that the replacement of aragonite by calcite follows an interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation mechanism.


LITOSFERA ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 839-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill S. Ivanov ◽  
Stepan V. Berzin ◽  
Nadezhda V. Vakhrusheva ◽  
Nikolai P. Kostrov ◽  
Olga E. Pogromskaya

Subject of the study.We have carried out an additional exploration on petrography, petrochemistry, geochemistry, geochronology and biostratigraphy of rock complexes of the Yugansk-Koltogorsk (central part of West Siberia).Materials and methods.The materials are core samples from wells that penetrated the Pre-Jurassic basement rock complexes The used methods are as follows: X-ray spectrum microanalysis (Cameca SX 100, JEOL-733 Superprobe); the silicate analysis of the rocks (СРМ-18 and EDX-100); mass-spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) (ELAN-9000 and Element2); zircons were analysed with a high resolution ionic microprobe SHRIMP-II (U-Pb); Ar-Ar dating was carried out by Micromass 5400; biostratigraphy, petrochemestry.Results.A geological map of Yugan-Koltogor zone of the central part of West-Siberian plate in a scale 1:500 000 was created. The map is a set of informational geological, geophysical and other layers. It was established that age of granites is Early Permian, the basalts of the rift zone began to form 268.4 ± 7.5 Ma ago (Ar-Ar). Conclusions. Volcanism in the axial rift zones of the West-Siberian megabasin basement began earlier than it is supposed before our study and significantly earlier of that of trap basalts of Siberian platform.


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