scholarly journals Caractérisation des miels de l’océan Indien par spectrométrie proche infrarouge : étude de faisabilité

Author(s):  
Serge Nabeneza ◽  
Vincent Porphyre ◽  
Fabrice Davrieux

Le miel est traditionnellement consommé dans les îles de l’océan Indien et utilisé également pour ses propriétés cosmétiques et thérapeutiques. Ce produit, issu du nectar de fleurs ou de miellat d’insectes, est collecté et transformé par les abeilles produisant ainsi un miel unique caractéristique de la flore de chaque île. A l’issue de la récolte, l’apiculteur doit nor­malement veiller à ce que le miel soit conforme et respecte des caractéristiques physico-chimiques spécifiques selon les recom­mandations du Codex alimentarius. De plus, il doit indiquer des informations, comme l’origine botanique et géographique, sur chaque pot de miel vendu. En pratique il est toutefois très diffi­cile de vérifier l’exactitude de ces informations, d’autant qu’elles sont mises en avant comme argument de vente.La spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge (SPIR), basée sur les propriétés physiques d’absorption de la lumière par les com­posés organiques, peut être un outil de contrôle et de traçabi­lité des miels mis sur le marché (1, 3). L’objectif principal de cette étude a été d’évaluer la faisabilité d’un contrôle qualité (authentification de l’origine botanique et/ou géographique et détection d’adultération) des miels commerciaux produits dans l’océan Indien. Les perspectives de cette méthode de laboratoire sont importantes dans le cadre du développement des filières apicoles, notamment lorsqu’elles sont orientées vers les marchés d’exportation et vers la promotion de leur qualité auprès de consommateurs désireux de profiter de produits d’excellence et fortement attachés à des territoires insulaires uniques.Au total, 625 miels des pays de l’océan Indien (tableau I) ayant diverses origines botaniques (tableau II) ont été mesurés sans ajustement à 30 °C et après ajustement à 70 °Brix avec de l’eau distillée (3). La mesure a été réalisée en réflexion diffuse à l’aide d’une cellule ronde avec un fond réflecteur doré (trajet optique 0,1 mm) sur un spectromètre FOSS NIRSystem 5000 (1 100–2 500 nm, 2 nm). En parallèle, les mesures du degré Brix, de l’humidité et de la conductivité des miels bruts ont été réalisées au laboratoire. Après l’analyse en composantes prin­cipales (ACP) de la base spectrale des 625 miels et le calcul des distances H de Mahalanobis, 83 miels ont été identifiés comme spectralement atypiques et retirés du jeu de données (tableau I). Sur la base des distances spectrales (H, Mahalanobis), 64 miels représentatifs des 542 miels retenus ont été sélectionnés, ajustés à 70 °Brix, puis adultérés avec du sirop de sucre de canne du commerce (Mascarin®) à 25 et à 10 p. 100 par pesée.Les modèles prédictifs des teneurs en humidité, Brix et conducti­vité ont été établis en utilisant la régression modified partial least square (M-PLS) du logiciel WinISI 3 (Infrasoft, Port Mathilda, PA, Etats-Unis). Les modèles PLS ont été réalisés sur la base des dérivées premières des spectres normalisés (SNV) et corri­gés pour la ligne de base (Detrend). Pour expliquer les critères géographiques et botaniques, nous avons utilisé une méthode non supervisée de discrimination (Cluster Analysis, Unscrumbler 10.3, CAMO, Oslo, Norvège), qui constitue des groupements naturels, sur la base des distances spectrales. Les spectres des miels non adultérés ont servi de base pour définir un espace multidimensionnel (ACP centrée, non réduite sur dérivée seconde des spectres bruts). La projection des spectres (dérivée seconde des spectres bruts) des miels adultérés sur cet espace a permis d’identifier un plan factoriel (CP1–CP7) expliquant 65 p. 100 de la variance totale, sur lequel les miels adultérés étaient nettement séparés des miels non adultérés. Les modèles d’étalonnage obtenus par régression PLS pour le degré Brix, l’humidité et la conductivité ont été performants avec des R² de l’ordre de 0,92 et des erreurs de validation croisée acceptables (tableau III) (figure 1).Les essais de groupement des individus sur la base de leur spectre (recherche de clusters), de même que l’utilisation d’autres méthodes mathématiques, comme l’analyse discrimi­nante linéaire (LDA) et la classification support vecteur machine (SVM) à partir des origines géographiques et botaniques n’ont pas donné de résultats satisfaisants (tableau IV). Cette impossi­bilité de discriminer les miels de l’océan Indien serait peut-être due à une identification botanique imprécise des miels. Sans analyses polliniques des échantillons de miels, les origines bota­niques ne peuvent être certifiées, en particulier les miels dits monofloraux. Plusieurs hypothèses peuvent expliquer l’impos­sibilité de discriminer les miels de l’océan Indien en fonction de leur origine géographique et/ou botanique. Parmi elles, les différences chimiques caractéristiques de l’origine géographique et/ou botanique correspondent à des classes de composés (aro­matiques par exemple) qui n’impactent pas suffisamment les empreintes spectrales, ne permettant pas de trouver des fac­teurs discriminants. La projection des miels adultérés à 25 p. 100 (figure 2), sur la base de miels non adultérés montre une sépara­tion nette des populations. En revanche, pour un niveau d’adul­tération à 10 p. 100, la séparation n’est pas évidente (figure 3).Les résultats obtenus montrent que la spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge peut être utilisée pour prédire certains para­mètres physico-chimiques des miels. Ces premiers résultats montrent que la constitution d’une base spectrale de miels adultérés à différents niveaux au laboratoire, associée à des méthodes de régression ou de discrimination devrait permettre l’identification de miels non-conformes, comme montré précé­demment par Rios-Corripio et coll. (2).Ces résultats ne permettent pas, dans l’état actuel, de différencier l’origine géographique et botanique des miels collectés dans le commerce. La limite de détection des miels adultérés par du sucre de canne devra être déterminée. Elle se trouve entre 10 et 25 p. 100. Les fraudeurs adultérant fréquemment les miels avec du glucose, il serait important de poursuivre les essais avec ce produit. Il est donc possible de détecter, par la technique SPIR, des altérations importantes du miel par ajout de sucre de canne.

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Naneva ◽  
M. Nedyalkova ◽  
S. Madurga ◽  
F. Mas ◽  
V. Simeonov

AbstractAs a result of increased healthcare requirements and the introduction of genetically modified foods, the problem of allergies is becoming a growing health problem. The concept of allergies has prompted the use of new methods such as genomics and proteomics to uncover the nature of allergies. In the present study, a selection of 1400 food proteins was analysed by PLS-DA (Partial Least Square-based Discriminant Analysis) after suitable transformation of structural parameters into uniform vectors. Then, the resulting strings of different length were converted into vectors with equal length by Auto and Cross-Covariance (ACC) analysis. Hierarchical and non-hierarchical (K-means) Cluster Analysis (CA) was also performed in order to reach a certain level of separation within a small training set of plant proteins (16 allergenic and 16 non-allergenic) using a new three-dimensional descriptor based on surface protein properties in combination with amino acid hydrophobicity scales. The novelty of the approach in protein differentiation into allergenic and non-allergenic classes is described in the article.The general goal of the present study was to show the effectiveness of a traditional chemometric method for classification (PLS–DA) and the options of Cluster Analysis (CA) to separate by multivariate statistical methods allergenic from non-allergenic proteins.


2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1289-1292
Author(s):  
Neng Sheng Ye ◽  
Ya Li Xie ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Jian Li

A micellar electrokinetic electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence detection (MEKC-LIF) method was applied for the profiling of native fluorescence in three different kinds of Chinese green teas. The running buffer was 100 mM sodium borate (pH9.8) containing 20 mM SDS, and tea infusion was injected at the pressure of 0.5 psi for 5 seconds. The applied voltage was set at 25 kV, and the excited wavelength was 488 nm, and the detected wavelength was 520 nm. Ten tea samples were collected and analyzed by the developed method. Eighteen common peaks in the MEKC-LIF profiling of green teas were selected and these samples were classified into 3 groups by cluster analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Our primary results indicated that the developed method could be applied for the classification of three different Chinese green teas


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Kong ◽  
Hongya Zhang ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Jian Suo ◽  
Shaopeng Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract IntroductionGastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors, ranking forth in incidence and second in mortality worldwide. Discovering molecular biomarkers for early gastric cancer diagnosis is of great importance. MethodsUrine and related clinical data of 40 patients with gastric cancer (20 in advanced stage and 20 in early stage) and 20 healthy volunteers from Jilin University First Hospital were collected. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to detect urine samples and the metabolic differences between the three groups of urine samples were analyzed. The principal component analysis was performed after data processing, and different metabolites were found using analysis of variance. Partial least square discriminant analysis was performed to further narrow the range of different metabolites. The precise mass to charge ratios of different metabolites were imported into the Human Metabolomics Database (HMDB). Finally, the identified different metabolites were further screened by cluster analysis and ROC curve. ResultsUrine samples of the healthy group (NOR), the early gastric cancer group (EGC), and the advanced gastric cancer group (AGC) were different metabolites. 324 statistically significant metabolites are screened out. The cluster analysis showed 7-Methylguanine, vinylacetylglycine, butyric acid, 4-Vinylphenol sulf,
5`-biotinyl-AMP, and 3-Amino-2-piperido in EGC, AGC and NGO were similar. 7-Methylguanine, vinylacetylglycine and 4-Vinylphenolsulfate had good diagnostic ability in EGC and NOR (p<0.05), and gastric cancer and NOR (p<0.05). ConclusionDifferences in the metabolites in urine between the early gastric cancer group and the healthy group were found. 7-Methylguanine, Vinylacetylglycine, and 4-Vinylphenolsulfate have good diagnostic ability and may be potential biomarkers of early gastric cancer.


Author(s):  
Pedro Mena ◽  
Claudia Favari ◽  
Animesh Acharjee ◽  
Saisakul Chernbumroong ◽  
Letizia Bresciani ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose Extensive inter-individual variability exists in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites. Preliminary metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) have been defined, but there is no consensus on the existence of metabotypes associated with the catabolism of catechins and proanthocyanidins. This study aims at elucidating the presence of different metabotypes in the urinary excretion of main flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites after consumption of cranberry products and at assessing the impact of the statistical technique used for metabotyping. Methods Data on urinary concentrations of phenyl-γ-valerolactones and 3-(hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives from two human interventions has been used. Different multivariate statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), have been considered. Results Data pre-treatment plays a major role on resulting PCA models. Cluster analysis based on k-means and a final consensus algorithm lead to quantitative-based models, while the expectation–maximization algorithm and clustering according to principal component scores yield metabotypes characterized by quali-quantitative differences in the excretion of colonic metabolites. PLS-DA, together with univariate analyses, has served to validate the urinary metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites and to confirm the robustness of the methodological approach. Conclusions This work proposes a methodological workflow for metabotype definition and highlights the importance of data pre-treatment and clustering methods on the final outcomes for a given dataset. It represents an additional step toward the understanding of the inter-individual variability in flavan-3-ol metabolism. Trial registration The acute study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517775, August 7, 2015; the chronic study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02764749, May 6, 2016.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Tyas Tunjung Sari ◽  
Pandu Nuansa Luhur

This study aims to determine the motivation of work to mediate the effect of training and work environment on employee performance at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze 1) the effect of training on employee performance at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta 2) the effect of training on employee performance through motivation at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta 3) the influence of the work environment on employee performance at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta 4) the influence of the work environment on employee performance through motivation at PT. Telkom Witel Yogyakarta. This study uses primary data through research on 62 respondents. Structural Equation is used to analyze data, using PLS (Partial Least Square) version 2.0. The results of this study indicate that there are 1) positive and significant influence of training on employee performance 2) positive and significant influence of work environment on employee performance 3) positive and significant effect of training on employee performance through motivation 4) positive and significant influence of work environment on employee performance through motivation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Sri Hastuti ◽  
Siti Sundari

Research Objectives to prove the influence of the complexity of the tasks faced by the Auditor on performance in carrying out duties as an Auditor. The complexity of tasks related to various problems in the company requires locus of control from internal and external to maintain independence and competence.The first auditor performance case occurred in 2002 with the disclosure of the Enron case involving the KAP in the big five, Athur Anderson. In 2008 the Telkom case affected the closure of KAP Edy Priyanto, and there were still many other cases which were violations of the accountant's code of ethics.This research is in the form of quantitative, with proof of the complexity of the task and locus of control on the performance of the auditor. Sample 46 Junior auditors from several KAPs in Surabaya, using the Partial Least Square test, the result that the complexity of the task affects the performance of the Auditor and the interaction of the complexity of the task with locus of control does not affect the performance of the Auditor.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayat ◽  
Indah Kusuma Hayati

Recently, the evolvement of globalization era has been the global challenges that cannot be avoided either by private or government sectors, and they are requested to be survived encountering such the condition. The implementation of Quality Management System (QMS) in the operational company is the way how to guarantee the quality of products or services offered to the people. One of the purposes of QMS implementation is to provide a prime satisfaction to the customers. The impact of QMS implementation is expected to increase job performance of the employees. Besides the implementation of Quality Management System (QMS), the impact of global challenges has been increasing the competitive efforts to execute more effective production process. However, it has required manpower protection accordingly. This research aims to find out whether the implementation of quality management system and safety and healthy at work management system have impacted on the job performance of employees. Objects of this research are the employees in the production department at PT Guna Senaputra Sejahtera Plant 1 Bogor. Data analysis technique of this research has applied software Smart PLS (Partial Least Square). PLS has estimated a model of correlation among the latent variables and correlation between latent variables and its indicators. Result of data processing has indicated that the implementation of Quality Management System (QMS) and system of safety and healthy at work have positively and significantly impacted job performance of employees.Keywords : Quality Management System (QMS), Safety and Healthy at Work System ( SHWS / SMK3), and Job Performance of Employees


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Fachri Eka Saputra ◽  
Fedyah Anggriani

The purpose of this study as to determine how the effect of waterpark image and price fairness on customer satisfaction and its implications for customer loyalty at Waterpark Wahana Surya Bengkulu. The measurement of this study uses 14 indicator items which are distributed using an online questionnaire. The number of samples in this study were 136 respondents and the data were analyzed using SEM PLS (Partial Least Square). Date were collected using a questionnaire using a Likert scale. This research used descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The type of data used in this study is primary data. The results of this study prove that 1. waterpark image has a positive effect on price fairness, 2. Waterpark image has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, 3. Fairness of price has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, 4. Waterpark image has a positive effect on customer loyalty, 5. Fairness of price has a positive effect on customer loyalty, 6. Customer satisfaction has no effect on customer loyalty.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Abdulalem Mohammed ◽  
Abdo Homaid ◽  
Wail Alaswadi

For environmental and business reasons, understanding the consumer behaviour of the young towards green products is very important. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing green product buying intention and behaviour among young consumers in Saudi Arabia. The study has developed a set of hypotheses utilising the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as a guiding principle. They were tested based on data collected from 257 individuals through the use of the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The findings showed that a culture of collectivism was the best way to predict the green purchasing intentions of young Saudis, followed by a willingness to pay, environmental self-identity and peer pressure. Additionally, purchasing intention is a major factor influencing actual green purchasing behaviour.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document