scholarly journals Research on the effect of the effective microorganisms, silver solution and colloidal nanosilver addition on the engine oil base number (TBN)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Krakowski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Colloidal Silver ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Silver Solution

In the article, base number as a parameter characterizing the washing and dispersing abilities of engine oil were characterized. Next, the influence of additives enriching engine oils on the natural environment was described. In the further part of the article, the research methodology, applied oil samples with additives of effective microorganisms and silver solution, both for fresh oil and used oil were presented. In addition, the measuring test stand with instrumentation and measuring device was shown . In the main part of the article base number value for fresh and used oil compared to oils with the addition of microorganisms and a solution of silver and colloidal silver were described. Next the analysis of the influence of these additives on the base number value was made. The article was completed conclusions.

scholarly journals Research on the effect of the effective microorganisms, silver solution and colloidal nanosilver addition on the engine oil acid number (TAN)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Krakowski
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Colloidal Silver ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Silver Solution

In the article, acid number as a parameter characterizing engine oil were characterized. The next part of the article discusses the phenomenon of aging and degradation of engine oil. The factors that influence on this phenomenon have also been analyzed. In the further part of the article, the methodology of testing the used oil samples with the addition of effective microorganisms and silver solution was described. In the main part of the article the measuring test stand and acid number value for fresh and used oil compared to oils with the addition of microorganisms and a solution of silver and colloidal silver was shown. Next the analysis of the influence of these additives on the acid number value was made. The article was completed conclusions.

scholarly journals Research into the Effects of the Effective Microorganisms Addition on the Engine Oil Viscosity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Rafał Krakowski
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Used Oil

Abstract In the article, changes in the properties of oils during operation were characterized. The main reason for this is the continuous aging process of the used oil caused by the interaction of oxygen contained in the air, which reacts relatively easily with hydrocarbons and the oxidation process is accelerated just by high temperature. Then the problem of microorganisms occurring in petroleum products and their effect on the properties of oils and the operation of the internal combustion engine was presented. The next part of the article presents effective microorganisms, i.e. what they are and how they work, in particular, their composition and appropriate development conditions. In addition, some of their specific applications were briefly described. In the next part of the article, the research methodology, applied oil samples with additives of effective microorganisms, both for fresh oil and used oil were described. In addition, the measuring test stand with instrumentation and measuring device was shown. The main part of the article contains the characteristics of dynamic viscosity as a function of temperature for fresh oil and used oil compared with oils with the addition of microorganisms in liquid form and ceramic tubes. The developed graphs enabled analysis of the effect of the addition of microorganisms on oil viscosity as ecological products.

scholarly journals Determination of the Degree of Consumption (DoC) of Lube Engine Oils Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Rawnaq Qahtan Abdul Kareem ◽  
Khalid W. Salih Al-Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Motor Oils

    The accreditation of a fast, inexpensive, and simple way to discriminate between different kinds of oils and their efficacy “degree of consumption (DoC)” has been developed. The fluorescence spectroscopy provides a reliable method for oil inspection without resorting to tedious separation. Different new and used oil samples available in the local Iraqi market were investigated. While the challenge is to build a directory containing data of all the oils available in the local market. This method expected to control the falsified (forged) trademarks of motor oils and to discriminate between different oils. The excitation-emission spectra of oil samples were determined in the range of 200 – 600 nm. The effect of the presence of trace metals on the fluorescence intensity of oils was considered by adding few milligrams of (Cu, Al, Fe) to the diluted oil solution. No major effect noticed on fluorescence intensity. The research suggests installing a simple Spectrofluorometer into vehicles to check the DoC of the oil regularly and to notify the driver exactly when to replace the engine oil. The obtained results indicate the applicability to execute such gadget to be installed in the vehicles for routine detection of the engine oil quality and its degree of consumption DoC. As well as demonstrate the potential of the technique in oil identification and could be further developed.

scholarly journals Investigation effect of depressant additives on physicochemical properties of engine oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
S. V. Pashukevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Tractor Engine

In this work, laboratory tests of M8G2k engine oil are carried out with the introduction of SAP 110 depressants by Shell Additives and Lz 6662 by Lubrizol and their impact on the properties of the lubricant in question are assessed separately. During the tests, the values of the following indicators of engine oils are obtained: kinematic viscosity at 100 °C, base number, flash point in an open crucible, pour point and content of active elements (calcium, zinc). With the help of the SI-010 bench installation, the values of anti-pitting properties are indicated, as well as experiments are carried out on the NAMI-1m and Petter W-1 installations, with their help the tendency to the formation of low- and high-temperature deposits in the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the assessment of anti-corrosion properties respectively. To analyze the detergent properties of the engine oil under consideration, a test procedure are carried out on a D-240 tractor engine. Positive laboratory test results give grounds to recommend using M8G2k engine oil containing SAP 110 or Lz 6662 additives for the D-240 engine manufactured by MMZ

scholarly journals USED OIL ANALYSIS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONDITION MONITORING

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Gadir Abdel Gabar ALLA Jabo ◽  
Dr. Midhat Victor Eskandar
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Techniques ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Engine Components

Engines are the main part of power plants. The performance of the engine depends upon the good condition of the components like cylinders, cylinder heads, pistons, piston rings, valves, and connecting rods, etc. The failure of engine components can be reduced by using condition monitoring techniques. There are many types of condition monitoring techniques are available. The famous Non-destructive Tests (NDTs) for engines condition monitoring are including vibration analysis, infrared thermography, and engine used oil analysis. The aim of this research is to reduce the failures of engine components by analyzing the used oil. Oil is the lifeblood of engines. Much like doctors assess human health through blood analysis, engine components can be monitored in much the same manner. Engine oil analysis means testing a sample of engine oil in unused or used condition. Analysis is done for various properties like Viscosity, Total Base Number (TBN), Total Acid Number (TAN), Ash Content, Flash Point, Water Content, Contamination, and Wear Metal particles which used to monitor the wear rate of engine components. The result of the analysis is then compared with the given analysis limits to assess the quality of lubricant and the possibility of further using, or not. The properties of oil will be changed based on engine running hours. The used oil can be collected from engine after various running hours for analyzing, and the test result is used to assess the condition of engine and oil quality, then maintenance decision will be made according to those results. This optimization of maintenance activities will result in a reasonable cost reduction by increasing the interval of lubricant replacing and saving time and efforts of maintenance authorities.

Engine Oils for Landfill Service: Requirements and Proof of Performance

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Girshick
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
New Generation

This paper presents the results of a field test comparing four engine oil formulations in commercial landfill service for 16 months. The major differences among the oils were combustion chamber deposit control and oil consumption control, whose mechanism is likely to be control of liner deposits. Control of these deposits led to extension of the time between top-end overhauls. Control of used oil parameters, such as acid and base numbers, was achieved, allowing extended oil drain intervals. The requirements for engine oils in reciprocating internal combustion engines in landfill service will be reviewed briefly. The development of a new generation of engine oils for landfill service will be presented, including deployment of detergent chemistry previously unused in this application. The theoretical justification and preliminary screener testing of this chemistry justified the full scale field testing which is shown. This chemistry has since been commercialized by several oil companies. The operational benefits of engine oils specifically designed for this service will be discussed.

scholarly journals USAGE OF HIGH-QUALITY ENGINE OILS WITH EXTENDED REPLACEMENT INTERVALS: FEATURES OF THE EQUIPMENT OPERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-454
Author(s):  
N. Y. Machekhin ◽  
I. I. Shirlin ◽  
S. V. Pashukevich
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Motor Oils

Introduction. The effective operation of cars largely depends on the state of the engines, their downtime in maintenance and repair. Since the maintenance of modern engines is often reduced to the replacement of engine oil, the increase in the duration of its work significantly reduces maintenance costs and downtime in maintenance. Long maintenance-free operation of the internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles is directly related to the state of the engine oil used in this power unit. The aim of the paper is to show the features of the equipment operation with significant intervals of the engine oils’ replacement in order to increase the efficiency of its usage. The paper presents data on the features of the equipment operation when using high-quality motor oils with extended replacement intervals.Materials and methods. The authors conducted performance tests on the basis of MercedesBenzAxor, MercedesBenzActros cars. The manufacturer provided an estimate of the performance of engine oils. The main performance characteristics of motor oils were assessed using standard methods: kinematic viscosity was measured using a Stabinger viscosimeter, the base number was determined by an automatic AT-500 titrator, the content of wear products was obtained using an ASP-coupled emission spectrophotometer.Results. As a result, the authors presented data on the dependence of the changes in the main indicators of engine oil performance while the operating time and also substantiated the requirements for the volumes of fresh engine oil to compensate losses.Discussion and conclusions. The intermediate control allows detecting faults in the internal car engines, as well as providing the most accurate prediction of the resource of the lubricant under consideration. Therefore, the increasing of the engine oil change interval allows getting a significant economic effect.

Analysis of the Influence of the Application of Effective Microorganisms on the Dynamics of Spring Wheat Emergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 684-693
Author(s):  
Anna Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Microbial Preparation

Deterioration of the natural environment as a result of violation of its natural structures and self-regulatory mechanisms causes an urgent need to replace chemicals with effective and multidirectional biopreparations. Reduction of the amount of chemicals used in agriculture becomes possible through the use of Effective Microorganisms. This will reduce the burden on the environment. Agriculture that uses EM technology can count on help with germination rates; emergence uniformity; and crop yields, for example. EM formulations contain a mixture of different coexisting microorganisms. The following paper presents the results of own research on the use of Effective Microorganisms in seed dressing of spring wheat. It was shown that the microbial preparation EM Naturally Active affects the increase of wheat seed germination dynamics.

New Algorithm for Engine Oil Identification by Infrared Spectrum

2014 ◽  
Vol 1081 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Yong Gang Shi ◽  
Hao Wen ◽  
Hai Feng Gong ◽  
Zi Cun Li ◽  
Bin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Weight Factor ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Composition Characteristics

Based on structure and composition characteristics of engine oil, the new algorithm for its Infrared Spectrum (IR) Identification has been put forward. The Hit Quality Index and Related Hit Quality Index are widely used in Infrared Spectrum Identification recently. The two methods don’t take the importance of the variables into consideration and cannot distinguish the unobvious variation in IR spectra. Therefore the diversity weight factor was introduced into the new algorithm to promote its selectivity. The experimental results had shown that the new spectrum similarity evaluation index could distinguish the unobvious spectrum variations and to improve the infrared spectrum identification capability of engine oils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document