scholarly journals Performance analysis of turbofan engine with additional combustion chamber fueled by alternative fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Natalia MARSZAŁEK
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Liquid Methane

Presented paper is focused on the performance analysis of turbofan engine with additional combustion chamber fueled by alternative fuel. Additional combustion chamber was situated between high pressure turbine and low pressure turbine. Such configuration is also know under the name inter turbine burner (ITB). As an alternative fuels burn in additional combustion chamber were selected cryogenics fuels: liquid hydrogen and liquid methane. The main combustion chamber was supplied by conventional aviation fuel - kerosene. Thermodynamic model of turbofan engine with ITB was implemented in MATLAB environment. The problem of modeling an additional combustion chamber was presented.Analysis was carried out for take-off conditions. Obtained results indicate that implementation of ITB exert a positive influence on engine performance result in thrust increase.

Performance and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Byungmo Yang ◽  
M A. Kalam ◽  
Haengmuk Cho
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Gas Measurement ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Main Component

The exhaustion of fossil fuels and sharp rise in crude oil prices has led to the development of various alternative fuels. Alternative fuels are a necessity to meet rising energy consumption rates and to ensure eco-friendly growth. Alternative fuels that can be regenerated, are sustainable and have clean burning capacity to help promote an eco-friendly development. Whereas there have been various ideas and technologies relating to biodiesel as an alternative fuel, these tend to be restricted to the distant future insofar as compression-ignition engines are concerned. Biodiesel, produced by reacting triglycerides which are the main component of animal or plant-based fatty acids with methanol, is known to be an eco-friendly alternative fuel that can take the place of conventional petroleum diesel. In the present study, biodiesel (palm oil) was mixed at a certain ratio with commercially sold diesel, then introduced into a TCDI engine which was run at low load conditions for engine performance and exhaust gas measurement. Both engine output and torque were reduced, and fuel consumption increased to make up for the reduction in output. There were slight reductions in NOx and CO2 emissions, but changes in CO and HC emissions were negligible.  

Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet Fuel Evaluation, Performance, and Emissions in a T-63 Turbine Engine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Klingshirn ◽  
Matthew J. DeWitt ◽  
Rich Striebich ◽  
David Anneken ◽  
Linda Shafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Aromatic Components

Due to potential beneficial environmental impacts and increased supply availability, alternative fuels derived from renewable resources are evolving on the forefront as unconventional substitutes for fossil fuel. Focus is being given to the evaluation and certification of Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ), a fuel produced from animal fat and/or plant oils (triglycerides) by hydroprocessing, as the next potential synthetic aviation fuel. Extensive efforts have recently been performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) to evaluate the potential of two HRJ fuels produced from camelina and tallow feedstocks. These have included characterization of the fuel chemical and physical fuel characteristics, and Fit-for-Purpose properties (FFP). The present effort describes general combustion performance and emission propensity of a T63-A-700 Allison turbine engine operated on the HRJs and 50/50 (by volume) HRJ/JP-8 fuel blends relative to a specification JP-8. In addition, engine and emission testing with a blend of the tallow-derived HRJ and 16% bio-derived aromatic components was completed. Fundamental engine performance characterization allows for determination of the suitability of potential synthetic fuels while quantitation of gaseous and particulate matter emissions provides an assessment of the potential environmental impact compared to current petroleum-derived fuels. In addition, an extended 150 hour endurance test was performed using a 50/50 blend of tallow-derived HRJ with JP-8 to evaluate the long-term operation of the engine with the synthetic fuel blend. This paper discusses the laboratory testing performed to characterize HRJs and results from the basic engine operability and emissions studies of the alternative fuel blends.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the ratio of biofuel and kerosin in the mixture for its application as aviation fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
V. M. Samoylenko ◽  
K. I. Gryadunov ◽  
A. N. Timoshenko ◽  
S. Ardeshiri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fuel Prices

Today, technologies for the production of alternative fuels and for the development of engines on different operating principles are actively developing, due to both the tightening of the environmental requirements of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) for harmful emissions into the atmosphere and the depletion of non-renewable resources, and the interests of the oil importing countries. Strict requirements are imposed on the quality of aviation fuels related to ensuring the reliability of aviation technology and flight safety. Requirement toughening for quality indicators will inevitably lead to higher fuel prices, so today we can observe some concessions in domestic and foreign regulatory documents to certain quality indicators of aviation fuels, for example, to indicators of low-temperature properties. It follows that the use of petroleum fuels will sooner or later become inappropriate. Technologies to produce synthetic and biological fuels from various types of raw materials make it possible to obtain fuel with close quality indicators to traditional kerosene, but it has not yet been completely replaced. Therefore, today we are considering the use of alternative fuels in a mixture with petroleum kerosene in various proportions. The question remains open: in what proportion is it possible to use mixtures of alternative fuel with kerosene on the aircraft without any negative consequences for their operation. Based on the known dependencies, a mathematical model is proposed for calculating some operational indicators of fuel, engine and aircraft depending on the proportion of mixing alternative fuel and kerosene. In accordance with the calculations, the most rational ratio of petroleum kerosene and SPK fuel is substantiated both from the point of view of the necessary operational properties and from the point of view of economic feasibility.

Characteristics of Deposits in Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers Using Synthetic and Conventional Jet Fuels

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Pucher ◽  
William Allan ◽  
Pierre Poitras
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Synthetic Fuel ◽  
Camelina Oil

The synthetic fuel industry is poised to experience large-scale growth and profoundly affect current aviation fuel infrastructure. New candidate technologies, such as Camelina oil-derived synthetic fuel have been demonstrated to not only provide satisfactory quasi drop-in characteristics for conventional fuels, but in life cycle analysis studies have also been shown to potentially offer positive improvements relative to conventional feedstocks with respect to economic, environmental, and land use considerations. As part of a multiyear study at the Royal Military College of Canada to evaluate combustion related parameters of fuel additives and alternative fuels for gas turbine applications, a Camelina-derived synthetic fuel blend was assessed to determine potential combustion related benefits as compared to conventional and other synthetic blends. The Combustion Chamber Sector Rig (CCSR) which houses a Rolls Royce T-56-A-15 combustion section was utilized for the evaluation of emissions and deposits. Following combustion testing, several combustion system components, including the combustion chamber, fuel nozzle, and igniter plug were analyzed for relative levels of deposit build-up. As with other Fischer Tropsch derived synthetic fuels, there were positive benefits found with Camelina blends in terms of emissions performance and deposit production tendencies.

Reynolds Number Effects on the Performance of a Turbofan Engine

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Kozu ◽  
Satoshi Yashima
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Reynolds Number Effects ◽  
The Difference

Reynolds Number effects on the matching performance of a small twin-spool turbofan engine were investigated through the altitude tests of the F3-30 engine which was developed to power the Japan Air Self Defence Force’s T-4 intermediate trainer. Analyzing the test results made it clear that the change of the aerodynamic characteristics of the low pressure turbine due to Reynolds Number effects is as significant as these of fan and compressor, and it caused the difference between the predicted and measured engine performance at high altitudes. Correlation factors on the Reynolds Number for each of the component characteristics (pressure ratio, airflow and efficiency of fan and compressor, and gas flow and efficiency of low pressure turbine) were obtained, and simulation of the engine performance using these factors coincided well with the test data which were obtained from the altitude tests of the F3-30 at Arnold Engineering Development Center of U. S. Air Force.

Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet Fuel Evaluation, Performance, and Emissions in a T63 Turbine Engine

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Klingshirn ◽  
M. DeWitt ◽  
R. Striebich ◽  
D. Anneken ◽  
L. Shafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Aromatic Components

Due to potential beneficial environmental impacts and increased supply availability, alternative fuels derived from renewable resources are evolving on the forefront as unconventional substitutes for fossil fuel. Focus is being given to the evaluation and certification of Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ), a fuel produced from animal fat and/or plant oils (triglycerides) by hydroprocessing, as the next potential synthetic aviation fuel. Extensive efforts have recently been performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) to evaluate the potential of two HRJ fuels produced from camelina and tallow feedstocks. These have included characterization of the fuel chemical, physical fuel characteristics and Fit-for-Purpose properties (FFP). The present effort describes general combustion performance and the emission propensity of a T63-A-700 Allison turbine engine operated on the HRJs and 50/50 (by volume) HRJ/JP-8 fuel blends relative to a specification JP-8. In addition, engine and emission testing with a blend of the tallow-derived HRJ and 16% bio-derived aromatic components was completed. Fundamental engine performance characterization allows for determination of the suitability of potential synthetic fuels while quantitation of gaseous and particulate matter emissions provides an assessment of the potential environmental impact compared to current petroleum-derived fuels. In addition, an extended 150 h endurance test was performed using a 50/50 blend of tallow-derived HRJ with JP-8 to evaluate the long-term operation of the engine with the synthetic fuel blend. This paper discusses the laboratory testing performed to characterize HRJs and results from the basic engine operability and emissions studies of the alternative fuel blends.

scholarly journals Cetane Improvers and Ethanol Performance and Emissions Characteristics Using Pyrorated Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroa Semakula ◽  
Freddie Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Performance And Emission

Alternative fuels available at low cost, friendly to natural environments and meet the energy needs and demands, have witnessed a growing demand and use today. Ethanol is an attractive renewable energy source with a high content of oxygen. Ethanol can be produced through ethanolisis, however for this work direct blending of conventional diesel, waste plastic pyrolysis oil and ethanol with commercial fuel improver CI-0808 purchased from Innospec company was attempted. The primary purpose of adding a cetane improver was to improve the combustion characteristics of the blends by at least 1- 3 ignition quality points. Five mixing ratios were chosen in the following order, 50:25:25, 60: 20:20, 70: 15:15, 80: 10:10 and 90: 5:5 for Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil (WPPO), ethanol and conventional diesel (CD) respectively. However, for the fuel additive mixing ratio the total volume percentage was considered and the ratio put at 0.01% of the total quantity of blended fuel. In this work WPPO, diesel blends and fuel additives improvers were used as alternative fuel. This was to evaluate their performance and emission characteristics in a stationary single cylinder water cooled experimental diesel engine. The CI-0808 was added due to its potential power to reduce emissions of CO, UHC, NOX, PM and improved engine performance. The results obtained were compared carefully to ASTM standards and discussed using graph curves figures and tabulated values. The conclusion was that ethanol and WPPO blends can be used in diesel engines as alternative fuel without modification. Used in combination with cetane improvers the emissions reduce significantly and performance improved equalling that of conventional diesel fuel.

Optimizing the Operation of the Intercooled Turbofan Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Gro¨nstedt ◽  
Konstantinos Kyprianidis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Multidisciplinary Optimization ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Turbine Rotor Blade ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Exit Temperature

The performance of an intercooled turbofan engine is analysed by multidisciplinary optimization. A model for making preliminary simplified analysis of the mechanical design of the engine is coupled to an aircraft model and an engine performance model. A conventional turbofan engine with technology representative for a year 2020 entry of service engine is compared to a corresponding intercooled engine. A mission fuel burn reduction of 4.3% is observed. The results are analysed in terms of the relevant constraints such as compressor exit temperature, turbine entry temperature, turbine rotor blade temperature and compressor exit blade height. It is then shown that a separate variable exhaust nozzle mounted in conjunction with the intercooler together with a variable low pressure turbine may further improve the fuel burn benefit to 5.5%. Empirical data and a parametric CFD study is used to verify the intercooler heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics.

scholarly journals Sustainable Aviation Fuels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ausilio Bauen ◽  
Niccolò Bitossi ◽  
Lizzie German ◽  
Anisha Harris ◽  
Khangzhen Leow
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hybrid Mode ◽  
Fuel Demand ◽  
The Status

Aviation fuel demand is expected to continue to grow over the next decades and continue to rely heavily on kerosene fuel for use in jet engines. While efficiency and operational improvements are possible ways to reduce GHG emissions, decarbonisation will need to heavily rely on low carbon kerosene drop-in alternatives. Currently, alternative fuels make up a very small share of fuel used in aviation, but their commercialisation is making good progress. Hydrogen offers a longer term alternative fuel option but requires aircraft design and fuelling infrastructure changes. Electrification is emerging as an option for providing propulsion in aircraft, either in pure form in small aircraft or in hybrid mode in larger aircraft. This paper reviews the status, challenges and prospects of alternative fuels and electrification in aviation.

scholarly journals A Study of Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends with Iso-Octane

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Evaporation Heat

Alternative fuels are derived from resources other than petroleum. The benefit of these fuels is that they emit less air pollutant compare to gasoline and most of them are more economically beneficial compared to oil and they are renewable. In addition, ethanol has higher evaporation heat, octane number and flammability temperature therefore it has positive influence on engine performance and reduces exhaust emissions. In this study, the effects of unleaded iso-octane, unleaded isooctane–ethanol blend (E5) and iso-octane-methanol (M5) blends on engine performance are investigated experimentally in a single cylinder fourstroke spark-ignition engine at a constant 8 Kg load. The engine speed was changed from 1100 to 1800 rpm. The results of the engine test showed that ethanol addition to unleaded iso-octane increases the value of IP, FP and IMEP with E5 fuel. The results also showed that the indicated power, brake power, friction power, indicated mean effective pressure, torque, exhaust temperature, and thermal efficiency increases with the increase in engine speed at a constant load of 8 Kg for E5, M5 and isooctane fuels. Thermal efficiency was maximum for E5 fuel (38.13%) at a speed of 1750 rpm.

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