Ecosystems of Educational Disadvantage: Supporting Children and Young People receiving Child Protection and Welfare Services in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Literature Discussion ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Educational Disadvantage ◽  
The Republic

Theoretically-informed focused commentary on the literature in this paper, considers the position of children and young people, as embedded within socio-ecological systems. The specific focus is on the educational disadvantage of children and young people susceptible to involvement from child protection and welfare services in the Republic of Ireland. To inform this, the utility of socio-ecological theory is emphasised, and from here, a Personal–Cultural–Structural (PCS) analysis is applied, to achieve an ecologically sensitive anti-discriminatory framework. Following a qualitative thematic review of literature, discussion addresses the question of what practitioners can do to promote the educational welfare of children and young people. The article is timely and necessary as existing evidence indicates that factors associated with educational disadvantage also increase susceptibility for involvement with child protection and welfare services. Yet, despite the compounded disadvantage this implies, little is understood about how these factors interact in practice. Overall, better understanding of educational underachievement is required, in the context of its negative and pervasive long-term effects, including decreased well-being, poorer health, and unemployment.

The new face of exploited children in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Olivier Peyroux
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sexual Trafficking ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Children and young people are often trafficked for financial gains as a consequence of trafficking for physical and sexual abuse. The number of such refugees and asylum seekers is almost impossible to determine accurately. Children can be used to smuggle drugs across countries. Although small networks for local crime built around drug dealing, cigarette sales, or the resale of stolen goods use children and young people, there are also highly evolved and structured organizations specializing in drug and sexual trafficking. These challenges require new and different ways of approaching them so that mental health and well-being of children and young people can be maintained. Furthermore, it will be helpful to change the terms of child protection, strengthening structures of support, creating community and street teams with appropriate linguistic competencies, better links between countries of origin and European countries, and better cooperation between police, justice, social workers, and non-governmental organizations. Better approaches are indicated.

scholarly journals P08 Beliefs about pain in juvenile idiopathic arthritis are significantly associated with higher reported pain and more negative affect in children and young people

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rachael Lee ◽  
Caitlin Grace Muckian ◽  
Sandeep Damaraju ◽  
Daniela Ghio ◽  
Wendy Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Pain Beliefs ◽  
Pain Catastrophising ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Illness Outcomes

Abstract Background Persistent, unpredictable pain is one of the most burdensome features of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) which is a relapsing-remitting inflammatory musculoskeletal condition presenting in children and young people under 16 years. Recent research into perceptions of illness in young people has found that conceptualisations of long-term disease are mainly about the most salient features and symptoms, not of the illness as a whole. Particularly in young people with JIA, perceptions of pain are central to the individuals’ beliefs about the chronic condition. In paediatric pain research in general, the study of pain beliefs has mainly focused on pain catastrophising. Associations between other potentially important pain beliefs and pain outcomes (e.g. reporting pain or well-being) have not been explored to date. The aim of this study was to explore a wide range of pain perceptions in young people with JIA and to investigate whether these pain beliefs were associated with pain severity or well-being. Methods Cross-sectional data from the largest UK cohort study of children with JIA were analysed (the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study- CAPS). Participants aged over 11 years completed ‘The Pain Perceptions Questionnaire for Young People (PPQ–YP)’ which assesses pain beliefs corresponding to the Common Sense-Self Regulatory framework first proposed by Leventhal and colleagues in the 1980s. Self-reported pain severity scores were captured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Emotional well-being was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Associations were explored using Spearman’s Rank Correlation. Results 223 participants (64% female) completed the PPQ-YP. 38.2% of participants had a diagnosis of oligoarthritis, 29.6% had polyarthritis and equal proportions of participants had systemic, psoriatic or enthesitis related JIA (7.3%). Higher reported pain severity was significantly correlated with stronger beliefs about the greater impact of pain on life (rho=0.494, p < 0.001), pain unpredictability (rho=0.369, p < 0.001) and pain persistence (rho=0.278,p<0.001). Higher pain controllability beliefs (that pain was controllable) were significantly associated with lower self-reported pain severity (rho=-0.526, p < 0.001). Stronger beliefs about the impact of pain on life (rho=0.425,p=0.001) and pain coherence (poorer understanding about own pain: rho=-0.295,p=0.021) were significantly associated with more negative mood. Conclusion Pain beliefs (particularly about consequences, unpredictability, persistence and understanding) are linked to levels of pain severity and well-being in children with JIA. Adding to the evidence base on the link between pain catastrophising and illness outcomes, this research enhances our understanding of long-term illness and pain perceptions in young people through the implication of a wider range of pain beliefs and cognitions on illness outcomes. The PPQ-YP identified salient pain beliefs which should be considered in the design of potential interventions to improve pain outcomes in this group. Future research should aim to explore whether these perceptions can predict other important illness outcomes. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic in Spring and Summer 2020 and the School in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Waterkamp
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Young People ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Short And Long Term

What we are doing to continue learning during the current pandemic is not so much an experiment as a reaction. Given the rush to provide schooling for children and young people, helpful terms such as “distance learning”, “online schooling” and “homework” are mentioned. The author notes that both educators and economists are concerned about the short and long-term effects of our situation, especially with regard to disadvantaged groups, and he points out that the “new normality” may well become normal.

Supporting parents of children and young people with anxiety and depressive disorders, an opportunity not to be missed: A scoping review.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Lawrence ◽  
Monika Parkinson ◽  
Bec Jasper ◽  
Cathy Creswell ◽  
Sarah Halligan
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Young People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Wide Variability

There is limited guidance on whether and how to involve parents in treatment for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and young people (CYP). We conducted a scoping review of randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions for anxiety and depressive disorders in CYP, where parents were involved in treatment to identify how parents and carers have been involved in treatment of anxiety and depression in CYP, how this relates to both child and broader outcomes, and where research should focus.We identified 73 trials: 62 focused on anxiety and 11 on depressive disorders. How parents were involved in treatments varied greatly, with at least 13 different combinations of ways of involving parents in 62 anxiety trials and 7 different combinations among 11 depression trials. Including parents in treatment did not impair CYP outcomes, however wide variability in how parents were involved prevents clarity about why some trials favoured parent involvement and others did not. Furthermore, studies must consider long-term and wider benefits beyond CYP mental health such as enhanced engagement, family well-being and economic gains.

Safeguarding children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Harris ◽  
R. Welbury
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
Church Law ◽  
Severe Punishment

It is essential that everyone who provides dental care for children has an understanding of other factors that affect children’s lives. This includes non-dental aspects of their health and wider issues that affect children’s development and well-being. Child maltreatment is one such issue. Abuse and neglect are forms of maltreatment of a child. Child maltreatment involves acts of commission or omission which result in harm to a child. When health professionals work with others to take action to protect children who are suffering, or are at risk of suffering, significant harm as a result of maltreatment, this is known as ‘child protection’. Child protection sits within the context of a wider agenda to ‘safeguard’ children. Safeguarding measures are actions taken to minimize the risks of harm to children and young people. These include: • protecting children from maltreatment • preventing impairment of children’s health or development • ensuring that children are growing up in a safe and caring environment. This should enable children to have optimal life chances and to enter adulthood successfully. The foundation for the success of such work is an acceptance and understanding of children’s internationally agreed human rights. In this context the term ‘child’ includes children and young people up to the age of 18. Violence towards children has been noted between cultures and at different times within the same culture since early civilization. Infanticide has been documented in almost every culture, and ritualistic killing, maiming, and severe punishment of children in an attempt to educate them, exploit them, or rid them of evil spirits has been reported since early times. Ritualistic surgery or mutilation of children has been recorded as part of religious and ethnic traditions. In the seventeenth century values started to change and incest was seen as a crime under church law, but until the eighteenth century society viewed children as possessions of their parents who were at liberty to treat them in any way they wished. In fact, legislation to protect animals was introduced before children were afforded the same ‘privilege’.

Moral anguish and systemic failure: Notes on state child care and protection in Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Bessant ◽  
Richard Hil
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
State Child ◽  
The Media ◽  
Provision Of Care

A recent, widely-publicised report based on a two year inquiry by the Australian Law Reform Commission and the Equal Opportunity Commission highlighted a range of serious shortcomings in the provision of care and protection for some of Australia’s most vulnerable children and young people. According to the report, Australia’s child protection system has failed in its basic duty of protecting children and young people from abuse and exploitation. The report confirms the argument presented in this paper that the abuse and neglect experienced by children and young people while under the care and protection of the state is systemic and widespread. While the media prefers to devote attention to ‘spectacular’ instances of departmental failure in regard to care and protection, the extent of the failures is far more routine than was initially apparent. One of the more vulnerable groups of young people ‘in care’ are state wards. Unfortunately the government’s record in respect to these young people indicates that many may be placed at greater risk in terms of their health, safety and general well-being after they have been taken into state ‘care’.

The impact of algorithmic decision-making processes on young people’s well-being (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Perez Vallejos ◽  
Liz Dowthwaite ◽  
Helen Creswich ◽  
Virginia Portillo ◽  
Ansgar Koene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Algorithms rule the online environments and are essential for performing data processing, filtering, personalisation and other tasks. Research has shown that children and young people make up a significant proportion of Internet users, however little attention has been given to their experiences of algorithmically-mediated online platforms, or the impact of them on their mental health and well-being. The algorithms that govern online platforms are often obfuscated by a lack of transparency in their online Terms and Conditions and user agreements. This lack of transparency speaks to the need for protecting the most vulnerable users from potential online harms. OBJECTIVE To capture young people's experiences when being online and perceived impact on their well-being. METHODS In this paper, we draw on qualitative and quantitative data from a total of 260 children and young people who took part in a ‘Youth Jury’ to bring their opinions to the forefront, elicit discussion of their experiences of using online platforms, and perceived psychosocial impact on users. RESULTS The results of the study revealed the young people’s positive as well as negative experiences of using online platforms. Benefits such as being convenient and providing entertainment and personalised search results were identified. However, the data also reveals participants’ concerns for their privacy, safety and trust when online, which can have a significant impact on their well-being. CONCLUSIONS We conclude by making recommendations that online platforms acknowledge and enact on their responsibility to protect the privacy of their young users, recognising the significant developmental milestones that this group experience during these early years, and the impact that technology may have on them. We argue that governments need to incorporate policies that require technologists and others to embed the safeguarding of users’ well-being within the core of the design of Internet products and services to improve the user experiences and psychological well-being of all, but especially those of children and young people. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

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