Cultural Adaptation and Validation into Spanish of the Scale to Measure Attitudes Towards the Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls in Students of the University of Salamanca

The aim of this study was to validate and analyze the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Sexual Trafficking Attitudes Scale towards women and girls (STAS). A sample of 204 students from the University of Salamanca (Spain) was used. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a multifactorial structure of six factors (70.1% of variance). The Cronbach’s α internal consistency index obtained for the sample was 0.87 and composite reliability was 0.94. Convergent validity was determined between the full scale and the six dimensions, and divergent between subscales. The Spanish version of the instrument consisted of 25 items, proving to be a reliable and parsimonious measure.

A Scoping Review of Resilience in Survivors of Human Trafficking

Resilience is critical among survivors of trafficking as they are mostly vulnerable populations who face multiple adversities before, during, and after trafficking. However, resilience in survivors of trafficking is understudied. This scoping review aims to clarify the current state of knowledge, focusing on definitions of resilience, how resilience has been studied, and factors associated with resilience among survivors. Five databases were searched using key words related to trafficking and resilience. Studies were included if they were published in English between 2000 and 2019 and focused on resilience with the study design including at least one of these four features: (a) use of standardized measures of resilience, (b) qualitative descriptions of resilience, (c) participants were survivors or professionals serving survivors, and (d) data sources such as case files or program manuals directly pertained to survivors. Eighteen studies were identified. Findings indicated that resilience was primarily described as emergent from interactions between the survivor and the environment. Resilience in trafficking appeared largely similar to resilience in other kinds of victimization. Nonetheless, trafficking survivors also may display resilience in alternative ways such as refusing treatment. Positive interpersonal relationships were the most commonly mentioned resilience factor. In addition, current research lacks studies featuring longitudinal designs, interventions, participatory methods, types of trafficking other than sexual trafficking, and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and national origin. Future research needs to establish definitions and measures of resilience that are culturally and contextually relevant to survivors and build knowledge necessary for designing and evaluating resilience-enhancing interventions.

The new face of exploited children in Europe

Children and young people are often trafficked for financial gains as a consequence of trafficking for physical and sexual abuse. The number of such refugees and asylum seekers is almost impossible to determine accurately. Children can be used to smuggle drugs across countries. Although small networks for local crime built around drug dealing, cigarette sales, or the resale of stolen goods use children and young people, there are also highly evolved and structured organizations specializing in drug and sexual trafficking. These challenges require new and different ways of approaching them so that mental health and well-being of children and young people can be maintained. Furthermore, it will be helpful to change the terms of child protection, strengthening structures of support, creating community and street teams with appropriate linguistic competencies, better links between countries of origin and European countries, and better cooperation between police, justice, social workers, and non-governmental organizations. Better approaches are indicated.

The Modern Slavery Agenda

Modern slavery, in the form of labour exploitation, domestic servitude, sexual trafficking, child labour and cannabis farming, is still growing in the UK and industrialised countries, despite the introduction of laws to try to stem it. This hugely topical book is the first to assess the legislation critically, using evidence from across the field, and to offer strategies for improvement in policy and practice. The book argues that, contrary to its claims to be ‘world-leading’, the Modern Slavery Act is inconsistent, inadequate and punitive, and that the UK government, through its labour market and immigration policies, is actually creating the conditions for slavery to be promoted.

Migration and Sex Work through a Gender Perspective

The trajectories of migration and prostitution are embedded in representations of body, gender, sex and sexuality. This article seeks to understand the articulation between migration and sex work through the lens of gender. To this end, this article relies on a typological approach that aims to clear some ground in the ongoing debate on the issues of prostitution, sex trafficking and migration of sex workers. It explores the theoretical cross-contribution as well as the conceptual limitations of radical, liberal, post-colonial, critical and postmodern feminist perspectives on the issues of prostitution, sex workers’ mobility and sex trafficking. It gives special focus to the contributions of the postmodern feminist reading, especially by highlighting how it has challenged conventional feminist theories, hitherto grounded in dualistic structures. In fact, the postmodern feminist approach makes a stand against the simplistic dichotomies such as First/Third World, passivity/agency, vulnerability/empowerment, innocence/conscience, sexual trafficking/voluntary prostitution or ‘trafficked victim’/‘autonomous sex worker.’ As such, postmodern feminism disrupts all fixed demarcations and homogeneous forms of categorisation on which the dominant feminist theories were based, allowing thus for the emergence of new practices of subjectivity as well as new forms of flexible identities.

The Bible and Feminism

This groundbreaking book breaks with established canons and resists some of the stereotypes of feminist biblical studies. A wide range of contributors—from the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, East Africa, South Africa, Argentina, Israel, Hong Kong, the US, the UK, and Iran—showcase new methodological and theoretical movements such as feminist materialisms; intersectionality; postidentitarian ?nomadic? politics; gender archaeology; lived religion; and theories of the human and the posthuman. They engage a range of social and political issues, including migration and xenophobia; divorce and family law; abortion; ?pinkwashing?; the neoliberal university; the second amendment; AIDS and sexual trafficking; Tianamen Square and 9/11; and the politics of ?the veil?. Foundational figures in feminist biblical studies work alongside new voices and contributors from a range of disciplines in conversations with the Bible that go well beyond the expected canon-within-the-canon assumed to be of interest to feminist biblical scholars. Moving beyond the limits of a text-orientated model of reading, they look at how biblical texts were actualized in the lives of religious revolutionaries, such as Joanna Southcott and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. In important interventions—made all the more urgent in the context of the Trump presidency and Brexit—they make biblical traditions speak to gun legislation, immigration, the politics of abortion, and Roe v. Wade.

Revisão Sistemática sobre a Exploração Sexual Comercial de Crianças e Adolescentes

Revisão sistemática - RS é um processo metodológico que sintetiza resultados de estudos sobre determinado tema. A RS seleciona pesquisas relevantes no âmbito teórico-prático para a pesquisa bibliográfica. A presente RS teve como objetivo conhecer a realidade da ESCCA – Exploração Sexual e Comercial de Crianças e Adolescentes em nosso país em uma perspectiva fenomenológica, a partir do olhar de pesquisas empíricas. Descritores em língua portuguesa foram: exploração sexual comercial, violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes -abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, tráfico sexual de crianças e adolescentes, turismo sexual, pornografia infantil e pedofilia. Foram encontradas 76 publicações nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Google acadêmico, Scielo e Portal de periódicos da Capes, sendo que 22 estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão: i) estudos empíricos: ii) entre 1990 e 2011; iii) publicados em Língua Portuguesa; iv) sobre quaisquer tipos de exploração, exclusivamente, para o público de crianças e adolescentes. Constatou-se que a problemática da ESCCA está banhada de pluridimensionalidade, que não se esgota na violência da opressão socioeconômica e de reconhecimento da condição humana; implica na produção de um sistema simbólico gerador de estigma cultural, que traz impactos sobre todas as dimensões do ser com implicações locais, pessoais, políticas e planetária. A partir do diálogo teórico entre as pesquisas empíricas desta RS e estudiosos da área, pode-se concluir que a temática precisa ser aprofundada, em suas especificidades, para que os vulneráveis invisíveis e suscetíveis a todo tipo de violência simbólica da nossa sociedade desigual não permaneçam nesta situação.Palavras-chave: Ensino. Educação. Exploração Sexual Comercial. Violência.AbstractSystematic review - RS is a methodological process that synthesizes results of studies on a given theme. The RS selects relevant research inthe theoretical-practical scope for the bibliographic research. The purpose of this present RS was to know the reality of ESCCA - Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents in our country in a phenomenological perspective from the perspective of empirical research. Descriptors in Portuguese: sexual violence against children and adolescents, sexual abuse of children and adolescents, sexual trafficking of children and adolescents, sexual tourism, child pornography and pedophilia; 76 publications were found in the electronic databases: Google academic, Scielo and Portal of journals of Capes, 22 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria: i) empirical studies: ii) between 1990 and 2011; iii) published in Portuguese; iv) on any kind of exploitation exclusively for the public of children and adolescents. It was verified that the ESCCA problem is loaded with multidimensionality, which is not barred with the violence of socioeconomic oppression and recognition of the human condition; It implies the production of a symbolic system that generates cultural stigma, which impacts on all dimensions of being with local, personal, political and planetary implications. From the theoretical dialogue between the empirical researches of this RS and scholars in the area, it can be concluded that the theme needs to be deepened in its specificities, so that the vulnerable individuals which are invisible and susceptible to all kinds of symbolic violence of our unequal society do not remain in this situation.Keywords: Teaching. Education. Commercial Sexual Exploitation. Violence.