scholarly journals Trade and Investment Relationship in SAARC Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Rahul Nath Choudhury ◽  
Dinkar Narsinh Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trade And Investment

The recent surge in the volume of world trade and FDI has attracted a debate amongst the researchers and policy makers on the issue of the relationship between these two. I.e. whether FDI enhances trade or contracts trade? Our current study tries to find out the answer of this question in case of SAARC group of countries. This study applies gravity model for the analysis. The study covered the time period from 2000 to 2012. The study finds both complementary and supplementary relationship exists between these two variables in the SAARC region. 

scholarly journals The Effect Of NAFTA On Trade And Investment Between Member Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Beverly J. Frickel ◽  
Vani V. Kotcherlakota ◽  
Frank A. Tenkorang ◽  
Bruce R. Elder
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Relative Improvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trade And Investment

Literature is full of studies on the relationship between trade and investment. Since trade agreements have the potential of altering this relationship, this study employed gravity model analysis to determine how NAFTA might have affected trade and investment among member countries. Overall improvement in NAFTA economy enhanced exports in the region; however, it was relative improvement in domestic economy that attracted foreign investment. Responsiveness plots show that the impact of NAFTA on exports was short lived, but was longer on FDI.

The effects of tax and expenditure limits on state fiscal reserves

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S Maher ◽  
Judith I Stallmann ◽  
Steven C Deller ◽  
Sungho Park
Keyword(s):  
State Capacity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tax And Expenditure Limitations ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Expenditure Limitations ◽  
Fund Balances ◽  
Budget Stabilization Funds ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fiscal Shocks

To help policy makers manage expenditures during periods of economic downturns, most states have formal budget stabilization funds and unreserved fund balances. Using indices of tax and expenditure limitations laws restrictiveness, we examine the relationship between tax and expenditure limitations and state reserves for years 1992–2010 to help determine the extent to which tax and expenditure limitations constrain or in other ways affect how states manage fiscal reserves. This time period is particularly relevant because it includes two recessions and most states had budget stabilization funds and tax and expenditure limitations. Findings suggest that state-constructed tax and expenditure limitations have little effect on state capacity to react to fiscal shocks.

Part VI Human Rights and General International Law, Ch.35 Trade Law and Investment Law

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trade And Investment

This article examines the relationship among trade, investment and human rights laws. It analyses the relevant legal relationships as reflected in the salient case law and the synergies between the works of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It also considers the impact of WTO rules on specific economic, social and cultural rights, the benefits of free trade and investment for civil and political rights and the human rights protections for traders and investors.

When and how country reputation stimulates export volume

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boryana V. Dimitrova ◽  
Daniel Korschun ◽  
Yoto V. Yotov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Reputation ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between bilateral country reputation and export volume to the country in which that reputation is held. Design/methodology/approach The unique bilateral data set consists of 861 country pairs. Country reputation measures are from a global survey, in which respondents in 20 countries rate the reputation for products and people of 50 other countries. This data set is then analyzed against actual export data for each country-pair using the well-established structural gravity model of international trade. Findings The authors find that each improvement in a world ranking of a country’s reputation for products (in a target country) is associated with a 2 percent increase in exports to that particular country; the effect is equivalent to the importing country decreasing a tariff by as much as 2.9 percent. Furthermore, the authors find that different aspects of country reputation – for its products and its people – attenuate distinct forms of uncertainty, and thereby stimulate export volume in distinct ways. Research limitations/implications This study shows that the relationship between country reputation and export volume is a substantive and empirically valid topic of study. For public policy makers looking to stimulate exports to a specific country, improving their respective country’s reputation in that country appears to be a viable alternative to other levers (e.g. trade negotiations, free trade agreements). For business leaders at international companies, the findings suggest that companies may consider country reputation as a factor when choosing to which countries they wish to expand. Originality/value The notion that country reputation can contribute to aggregate export volume has intuitive appeal. Yet, aside from research on country-of-origin effects which has concentrated on the individual consumer level, the notion of country reputation contributing to aggregate effects has so far been based mostly on conjecture and anecdotal evidence. This is the only study to the authors’ knowledge that empirically tests this relationship using a bilateral measure of reputation as a determinant of export volume within one of the most successful empirical frameworks, the structural gravity model of international trade. The findings suggest that for many countries, their reputation may contribute to billions of dollars in export volume.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

Burn-In Acceleration Considerations in 130nm and 90nm Products

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Wakai ◽  
Yuji Kobira ◽  
Takashi Setoya ◽  
Tamotsu Oishi ◽  
Shinichi Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Procedure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Related Defect ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract An effective procedure to determine the Burn-In acceleration factors for 130nm and 90 nm processes are discussed in this paper. The relationship among yield, defect density, and reliability, is well known and well documented for defect mechanisms. In particular, it is important to determine the suitable acceleration factors for temperature and voltage to estimate the exact Burn- In conditions needed to screen these defects. The approach in this paper is found to be useful for recent Cu-processes which are difficult to control from a defectivity standpoint. Performing an evaluation with test vehicles of 130nm and 90nm technology, the following acceleration factors were obtained, Ea>0.9ev and β (Beta)>-5.85. In addition, it was determined that a lower defect density gave a lower Weibull shape parameter. As a result of failure analysis, it is found that the main failures in these technologies were caused by particles, and their Weibull shape parameter “m” was changed depending of the related defect density. These factors can be applied for an immature time period where the process and products have failure mechanisms dominated by defects. Thus, an effective Burn-In is possible with classification from the standpoint of defect density, even from a period of technology immaturity.

An Investigation of Faculty Members' Engagement in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-136
Author(s):  
Eman I AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Faculty Perceptions ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Faculty engagement has been proved to be a critical driver of the universities’ efficiency and effectiveness. The first step towards building an engaged workforce is to get a measure of faculty perceptions of their engagement level to their universities. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the faculty members' engagement in the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. It examines the relationship between the faculty professional variablesand their level of engagement to their institutions. William Kahn's (1990) three-component model of employee engagement was partially adapted as a framework to measure the faculty members' engagement. A questionnaire was used to better address the objective of this study. The data were obtained from the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Dammam University) through an internet-based survey. The validity and the reliability of the questionnaire has been evaluated and reported. Results of the analyses show that cognitive engagement is reported to be higher than both the emotional and physical engagement, with a mean rating of 4.040 and a standard deviation of .487, based on the five-point scale. Given the engagement level of the faculty members in this study, the university administrators should develop policies, and strategies that encourage and support engagement among faculty members at the University in order to maximize their engagement. Policy makers must also take into consideration the needs of the faculty members

An Analytical Approach to Cruise Tourism As an Option For Development: a Case Study of the Sultanate of Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Heba Aziz ◽  
Osman El-Said ◽  
Marike Bontenbal
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Expenditure ◽  
Return Intention

The objective of this study was to measure the level of cruise tourists' satisfaction as well as the relationship between satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. Also, the impact of factors such as nationality, length of the visit, and age on the level of expenditure was measured. An empirical approach for data collection was followed and a total of 152 questionnaires were collected from cruise tourists visiting the capital city of Oman, Muscat, as cruise liners anchor at Sultan Qaboos Port. Results of the regression analysis supported the existence of a causal relationship between satisfaction with destination attributes, overall satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. It was found that the average expenditure varies according to age and length of the visit. Recommendations for policy makers were suggested on how to increase the role of cruise tourism in strengthening the economy.

TRADE FLOWS BETWEEN CIS COUNTRIES: DOES THE GRAVITY MODEL WORK NOW?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Сергеевна Чудинова ◽  
Екатерина Николаевна Корнейченко ◽  
Ольга Борисовна Чаганова ◽  
Анастасия Михайловна Ротова
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Cis Countries

В статье представлены результаты проверки адекватности гравита-ционной модели в условиях глобализации мировой торговли. По статистическим данным для стран СНГ за 2011-2018 годы на основе гравитационной модели исследовано влияние масштаба экономики торговых партнеров и расстояния между странами на объем импорта. The article presents the results of assessing the adequacy of the gravity model in the context of world trade globalization. According to statistics for the CIS countries for 2011-2018 the effect of size of economies and distance between the countries on import volumes is studied on the basis of gravity model.

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