scholarly journals ¿Reduciendo la brecha (de género) atlántica? Mujeres fulbrighters y transferencias culturales hispano-estadounidense, 1959-1964 = Close the Gap (of Gender) Atlantic? Fulbrighters Women and Cultural Transfers Spanish-American, 1959-1964

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Moisés Rodríguez Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Women In It ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Cultural Transfers

Resumen: En el marco de las relaciones diplomáticas entre la España de Franco y Estados Unidos se produjo la incorporación de la dictadura al Programa de Movilidad Fulbright. Este fue uno de los instrumentos más importantes de la denominada ‘Diplomacia Pública’. Una de las virtudes que tenía era la inclusión de las mujeres en el mismo. Teniendo en cuenta la legislación franquista respecto al acceso de la mujer al mundo laboral, esto es clave. La posibilidad de ampliar estudios y conocer otra cultura, fomentó la reclamación de derechos a la dictadura. El objetivo de la comunicación es estudiar a las beneficiarias de este programa entre 1959 y 1964.Palabras clave: programa Fulbright, mujeres, universitarias, diplomacia cultural, transferencias culturales.Abstract: In the context of diplomatic relations between Franco’s Spain and the United States was included the dictatorship into the Fulbright Mobility Program. This was one of the most important resources of the so-called ‘Public Diplomacy’. This would become in the first cultural exchange program in which the dictatorship participated. One of the virtues of it was the inclusion of women in it. Taking into account the existing Franco´s legislation with regards to women’s access to the world of work, it was crucial. The possibility of increasing studies and learning new cultures encouraged the claim of rights to the dictatorship. The purpose of the communication to study some of the beneficiaries of the Program from 1959 to 1964. Keywords: fulbright Program, Women, Universitary, Cultural Diplomacy, cultural transfers.

scholarly journals African Entrepreneurs’ Perceptions on the Mentoring Provided by a Cross-cultural Professional Development Experience: Implications for Future Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Lisa Taylor ◽  
M. Craig Edwards ◽  
Marshall Baker ◽  
Craig Watters ◽  
James Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Development Experience ◽  
Recommendations For Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training

We conducted a multicase investigation to assess the impacts of a cross-cultural exchange program on Entrepreneur Fellows from Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda (8 women; 14 men) after they had returned home from the United States. Our assessment included the mentoring aspect of the program. Six questions and related probes guided semi-structured interviews with the 22 Fellows, the study’s quintain. The lead researcher transcribed the study’s interviews and verified accuracy and trustworthiness by sending her transcriptions to the Fellows for verification. Findings derived from the interviews or cases crystallized as themes representative of the quintain. The emergent themes, which included mentoring, inspired two theoretical lenses to guide our interpretation of the Fellows’ experiences: human capital theory and theory of planned behavior. Recommendations for practice include additional training of entrepreneur mentors and suggestions to facilitate high-quality field experiences. Additional research examining participants’ views about mentoring – protégés and their mentors – as an integral component of entrepreneurial training in cross-cultural settings, and how that can be improved, would likely enhance the learning outcomes of similar programs. Keywords: entrepreneurship; international exchanges; mentoring; professional development

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bowman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American

The introduction provides a grounding in the diplomatic history of Anglo-American relations and surveys the main events of the so-called ‘Great Rapprochement’ between the two countries, including the Alaskan Boundary Dispute, Britain’s response to the Spanish-American War in 1898, and the US’s subsequent attitude to Britain’s war with the Boers. The introduction analyses the concept of ‘Anglo-Saxonism’ and discusses the ways in which it was important both to the Pilgrims Society and to official Anglo-American relations. The introduction also provides a chapter by chapter breakdown of the rest of the book and outlines the argument that while the Pilgrims never set the agenda for official Anglo-American relations it nevertheless played a leading role in public diplomacy and, by extension, in how people have thought about how Britain and the United States have related to each other.

The Ties that Bind: Dutch-American Relations, US Public Diplomacy and the Promotion of American Studies since the Second World War

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Scott-Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
American Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis article examines the linkages between diplomacy and public diplomacy activities by tracing the promotion of American Studies in the Netherlands against the backdrop of US-Dutch diplomatic relations. The development of American Studies within the university systems of other nations has been a central part of US public diplomacy strategy since the Second World War. The belief has always been that this will contribute towards foreign publics being well-informed about the United States, its people and policies. By providing opportunities for research and teaching in the United States, and ultimately by establishing permanent positions, an academic community could be nurtured whose members would function as interpreters of all things American within their national environment. In this way a cross-border cultural affinity can be cultivated to provide a positive context for the practice of diplomatic relations. The case of the Netherlands demonstrates the interlinkage of short-term and long-term interests in pursuing this approach.

scholarly journals African Entrepreneurs’ Perceptions on the Mentoring Provided by a Cross-cultural Professional Development Experience: Implications for Future Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Lisa Taylor ◽  
M. Craig Edwards ◽  
Marshall Baker ◽  
Craig Watters ◽  
James Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Development Experience ◽  
Recommendations For Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training

We conducted a multicase investigation to assess the impacts of a cross-cultural exchange program on Entrepreneur Fellows from Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda (8 women; 14 men) after they had returned home from the United States. Our assessment included the mentoring aspect of the program. Six questions and related probes guided semi-structured interviews with the 22 Fellows, the study’s quintain. The lead researcher transcribed the study’s interviews and verified accuracy and trustworthiness by sending her transcriptions to the Fellows for verification. Findings derived from the interviews or cases crystallized as themes representative of the quintain. The emergent themes, which included mentoring, inspired two theoretical lenses to guide our interpretation of the Fellows’ experiences: human capital theory and theory of planned behavior. Recommendations for practice include additional training of entrepreneur mentors and suggestions to facilitate high-quality field experiences. Additional research examining participants’ views about mentoring – protégés and their mentors – as an integral component of entrepreneurial training in cross-cultural settings, and how that can be improved, would likely enhance the learning outcomes of similar programs. Keywords: entrepreneurship; international exchanges; mentoring; professional development

scholarly journals African Entrepreneurs’ Perceptions on the Mentoring Provided by a Cross-cultural Professional Development Experience: Implications for Future Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Lisa Taylor ◽  
Craig Edwards ◽  
Marshall Baker ◽  
Craig Watters ◽  
James Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Development Experience ◽  
Recommendations For Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training

We conducted a multicase investigation to assess the impacts of a cross-cultural exchange program on Entrepreneur Fellows from Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda (8 women; 14 men) after they had returned home from the United States. Our assessment included the mentoring aspect of the program. Six questions and related probes guided semi-structured interviews with the 22 Fellows, the study’s quintain. The lead researcher transcribed the study’s interviews and verified accuracy and trustworthiness by sending her transcriptions to the Fellows for verification. Findings derived from the interviews or cases crystallized as themes representative of the quintain. The emergent themes, which included mentoring, inspired two theoretical lenses to guide our interpretation of the Fellows’ experiences: human capital theory and theory of planned behavior. Recommendations for practice include additional training of entrepreneur mentors and suggestions to facilitate high-quality field experiences. Additional research examining participants’ views about mentoring – protégés and their mentors – as an integral component of entrepreneurial training in cross-cultural settings, and how that can be improved, would likely enhance the learning outcomes of similar programs. Keywords: entrepreneurship; international exchanges; mentoring; professional development

scholarly journals The Making of the Fulbright Program, 1946–1961

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-180
Author(s):  
Lonnie R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Education ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Exchange ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Innovative Enterprise ◽  
Organizational Architecture ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Statutory Basis

The Fulbright program was an unprecedented and innovative enterprise that laid the foundations for development of international education in the United States and abroad after World War II. After its inception in 1946, it rapidly became the best-known and largest educational exchange program in the world. This chapter analyzes the experiences and ideas that informed J. William Fulbright’s initial conception of the program as well as the ingenuity of its statutory basis, funding models, and unique organizational architecture. It also looks at the inherent tensions between educational exchange and propaganda and the impacts of partisan and bureaucratic politics on its administration, and it places the program in the larger institutional and political context of the evolution of US public diplomacy during the first two decades of the Cold War.

scholarly journals African Entrepreneurs’ Perceptions on the Mentoring Provided by a Cross-cultural Professional Development Experience: Implications for Future Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Lisa Taylor ◽  
M. Craig Edwards ◽  
Marshall Baker ◽  
Craig Watters ◽  
James Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Development Experience ◽  
Recommendations For Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training

We conducted a multicase investigation to assess the impacts of a cross-cultural exchange program on Entrepreneur Fellows from Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda (8 women; 14 men) after they had returned home from the United States. Our assessment included the mentoring aspect of the program. Six questions and related probes guided semi-structured interviews with the 22 Fellows, the study’s quintain. The lead researcher transcribed the study’s interviews and verified accuracy and trustworthiness by sending her transcriptions to the Fellows for verification. Findings derived from the interviews or cases crystallized as themes representative of the quintain. The emergent themes, which included mentoring, inspired two theoretical lenses to guide our interpretation of the Fellows’ experiences: human capital theory and theory of planned behavior. Recommendations for practice include additional training of entrepreneur mentors and suggestions to facilitate high-quality field experiences. Additional research examining participants’ views about mentoring – protégés and their mentors – as an integral component of entrepreneurial training in cross-cultural settings, and how that can be improved, would likely enhance the learning outcomes of similar programs. Keywords: entrepreneurship; international exchanges; mentoring; professional development

MERCADO DE SUCUPIRA: práticas comerciais e cotidiano das rabidantes cabo-verdianas

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANA RAQUEL REIS SILVA
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Cape Verdean ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Informal Practices ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Acting Field

As chamadas rabidantes tem desempenhado um importante papel na economia cabo-verdiana, são elas as responsáveis pela comercialização de inúmeros produtos que vão desde gêneros alimentá­cios até roupas, calçados e lingeries. Essas mulheres adquirem seus produtos em outros paá­ses africanos como Senegal, Marrocos e Guiné Conakry, assim como nos Estados Unidos, Holanda e Brasil. Em Cabo Verde a venda se efetiva no Mercado de Sucupira, um dos principais centros comerciais do paá­s onde práticas informais e empreendedorismo compõem o campo de atuação das rabidantes. Assim, o presente trabalho visa a analisar práticas comerciais, cotidiano e estratégias de lucratividade utilizadas pelas rabidantes no Mercado de Sucupira. Palavras-chave: Sucupira. Rabidantes. Cabo Verde.SUCUPIRA MARKET: business practices and daily life of Cape Verdeans rabidantesAbstract: The women called rabidantes has played an important role in the Cape Verdean economy, they are responsible for the marketing of numerous products that go from groceries to clothing, shoes and lingerie. These women purchase their products in other African countries such as Senegal, Morocco and Guinea Conakry, as well as in the United States, Netherlands and Brazil. In Cape Verde the sales  happens in Sucupira Market, one of the main commercial centers of the country where informal practices and entrepreneurship compose the rabidantes acting field. Thus, this study aims to analyze business practices, daily and profitability strategies used by rabidantes in Sucupira Market. Keywords: Sucupira. Rabidantes. Cape Verde.  MERCADO DE SUCUPIRA: prácticas comerciales y cotidianas de las rabidantes carboverdianasResumen: Las conocidas rabidantes presentan un importante papel en la economá­a cabo verdiana; son responsables por la comercialización de inúmeros productos, desde los géneros alimenticios hasta las ropas, calzados y lingeries. Las mujeres adquieren sus productos en otros paá­ses africanos como Senegal, Marrocos y Guiné Conakry, y Estados Unidos, Holanda y Brasil. En Cabo Verde, la venda se efectiva en Mercad de Sucupira, uno de los principales centros comerciales del paá­s, donde practicas informales y emprendedoras componen el campo de actuación de las rabidantes. Asá­, este trabajo busca analizar prácticas comerciales, cotidiano y estrategias de lucro empleadas por las rabidantes en el Mercado de Sucupira. Palabras clave: Sucupira. Rabidantes. Cabo Verde.    

scholarly journals “Atlantic Gap or Network of Opportunities?” Spanish-American Cultural Relations, Women, and Diplomacy (1959-1975)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 008
Author(s):  
Moisés Rodríguez-Escobar ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Global Village ◽  
The Public ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Academic Year

The geopolitical context of what would later come to be called the “global village” made governments pay more attention to their external image and the public opinion of third-world countries. The previous emphasis on the development of military or economic alliances (hard power) was complemented with alternative views, other ways of connecting with different global societies (soft power). Relations between the United States and Spain did not escape this general dynamic. Here, we evaluate the extent to which this connection affected women’s access to higher education in Spain. With the Residencia de Señoritas, there was a narrowing of the educational and cultural exchange relations between the two countries. After the abrupt cessation of the civil war, the establishment of the Fulbright program in the 1959-60 academic year allowed Spain to recover and to intensify the exchanges that had taken place since the beginning of the century. We will see what the fields of study in this prestigious exchange program were, and analyze to what extent the training received on the other side of the Atlantic facilitated the professional careers of the Spanish Fulbrigthers upon their return.

Verán ustedes las chozas más humildes. El discurso de pobreza en la diplomacia pública cardenista dirigida a Estados Unidos

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dümmer Scheel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
The New Deal

El artículo analiza la diplomacia pública del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas centrándose en su opción por publicitar la pobreza nacional en el extranjero, especialmente en Estados Unidos. Se plantea que se trató de una estrategia inédita, que accedió a poner en riesgo el “prestigio nacional” con el fin de justificar ante la opinión pública estadounidense la necesidad de implementar las reformas contenidas en el Plan Sexenal. Aprovechando la inusual empatía hacia los pobres en tiempos del New Deal, se construyó una imagen específica de pobreza que fuera higiénica y redimible. Ésta, sin embargo, no generó consenso entre los mexicanos. This article analyzes the public diplomacy of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas, focusing on the administration’s decision to publicize the nation’s poverty internationally, especially in the United States. This study suggests that this was an unprecedented strategy, putting “national prestige” at risk in order to explain the importance of implementing the reforms contained in the Six Year Plan, in the face of public opinion in the United States. Taking advantage of the increased empathy felt towards the poor during the New Deal, a specific image of hygienic and redeemable poverty was constructed. However, this strategy did not generate agreement among Mexicans.

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