National Innovation System of India: The Dynamics of Science and Technology Indicators and Empirical Considerations

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Baldev Singh SHERGILL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Technology Indicators

<p>The present paper is an attempt to explore changing national innovation system of India in the context of conventional measure of national innovation system, science and technology indicators during pre-reform period, 1980-1992 and post reform period, 1993-2006 which reflects the policy change, liberalize license system and science and technology policy in 1991 while extensive economic reforms initiated. The paper undertakes a detailed sketch out of R&amp;D activities across industries, laboratories and institutions. R&amp;D expenditure growth rate in industrial sector, R&amp;D intensity, R&amp;D expenditure by major scientific agencies, growth rates of basic research, applied research, experimental research and other related S&amp;T activities, growth rates of advertising expenditure, new plant and machinery in public and private sector, faculty-wise enrolment in higher education, estimated stock of science and technology personnel, patent filed by different states and patent granted in different fields, subject area-wise research papers, books and technical reports published in different fields from India and comparative trends in IPR granted in India analyzed in a comparative approach. R&amp;D input indicators growth rate turned down in the post reform period as comparative to pre reform period. R&amp;D output indicators boosted during post reform period as relative to pre reform period. It is argued that increase in patent filed and IPR granted over time is basically due to the introduction of IPR regime. </p>

The regional-innovation cluster policy for R&D efficiency and the creative economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Cluster

Purpose This paper aims to discuss and present the regional-innovation cluster policy for R&D efficiency and the creative economy. In particular, the R&D efficiency and creative economy of Daedeok Innopolis are discussed for the science and technology policy of the R&D regional-innovation cluster. In this research, the region cluster policy change, the creative innovation system construction, the manpower system construction and the support unification for R&D and commercialization are presented as policy proposals for R&D efficiency and the creative economy. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the universities, research institutes and enterprises of Daedeok Innopolis were studied. Thirty people from the universities in the area, 30 from the research institutes and 30 from the enterprises were surveyed through the quota sampling of the non-probability sampling method for this research. These survey respondents were science and technology policy specialists for the R&D, industrialization and entrepreneurial activities of Daedeok Innopolis. The methodological material is a questionnaire. The study’s investigation factors were the government’s role, knowledge creation and the network. Also, F-test, ANOVA and chi-square independence test were utilized for the survey data analysis. Findings Regional-innovation cluster construction is a representative method of realizing regional development and competition enhancement. This research was found through the analysis that the government policy is very useful for innovation ecosystem development. The knowledge capability has been enhanced in connection with knowledge creation. Also, the network has been vitalized. New-dimension industry–university–institute collaboration and a human resource management system are needed for R&D efficiency and the creative economy. Daedeok Innopolis needs consistent support for industrialization and foundation. Social implications Movement of and cooperation among humans, goods, knowledge, technologies, etc., occur in many areas (science, the economy, culture, arts, etc.) because of the compression of time and space through informatization and globalization. This has brought about changes in cross-border, regional and national relations and has stimulated competition in the aforementioned areas. To date, a state-dominated system has been operated to deal with these changes, but it has been shown to be inefficient because it cannot reflect the conditions in the region and does not allow quick reaction. The advantages of the region must be identified and utilized to boost the survival and development of the region. Regional-innovation cluster construction is a representative method of realizing regional development and competition enhancement. Originality/value The innovative feature of the study is proposed the science and technology policy (the region cluster policy change, the creative innovation system construction, the manpower system construction and the support unification for R&D and commercialization) for the R&D regional-innovation cluster through the survey data analysis. In this paper, the R&D efficiency and the creative economy of Daedeok Innopolis are discussed for the science and technology policy of the R&D regional-innovation cluster. The science and technology policy for the R&D regional-innovation cluster development is examined for the first time in this paper. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the establishment of a development strategy for the regional-innovation cluster, and to the decision-making regarding the science and technology policy.

scholarly journals Micro & Macro Evidence on Innovation and Economic Performance of Algerian Firms

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Metaiche Mohammed El Amine ◽  
Benhabib Abderrezak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Key Innovation

Innovation is often associated with competitiveness, economic performance and economic growth; it is accepted that Innovation is one of the efficient means to obtain a superior and a stable position in the marketplace. In the last few decades; the literature has shown that the growth in the stock of knowledge has been the most important factor behind the dramatic rise in living standards in countries that show a broad convergence in macroeconomic performance. Countries, also, all around the globe are paying a great attention to Innovation as well as to the whole national innovation system (NIS); While some other countries are still in need to gather their efforts in ways that drive the innovation activities development. This paper aims at identifying the main characteristics of the NIS of Algeria, it, also, highlights the key innovation problems and obstacles of industrial firms, mainly in North African Countries. Our work is based on the one hand on a theoretical, and comparison study, of the National innovation system, of the Maghreb countries. On the other hand it stands on a field research carried out on a sample of Algerian industrial firms, the interpretation and analysis of the results of our survey through using both, descriptive analysis and logistic regression helped identifying the core characteristic of the Algerian innovative enterprises, in addition to the main obstacles of innovation in Algeria; in Maghreb countries, innovation systems construction takes place in a very specific environment characterized by privatization of public concerns, the rise of a strong Small & Medium enterprises sector but with very little experience in the fields of R&D and innovation, and a relatively weak industrial sector in terms of industrial performances, suffering high obsolescence both in terms of human resources, equipment and linkages between the different actors of the innovation system, which negatively affects the role played by research on development processes. Some recommendations, for a well-functioning national innovation system for Maghreb countries, have been drown from this study.

PROSPECTS OF PROGRAM-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-106
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Todosiychuk ◽  
Sergei Pyastolov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Target Management ◽  
Negative Factors

The «new reality» of crisis makes new demands on science in terms of its contribution to economic growth, social progress and security. The authors claim that the idea of program-oriented management is at the heart of practically all national strategies of scientific and technical development (STD), including those formed on the basis of the concepts of «National innovation system», network research. The paper observes the stages of revitalization in Russia of this newly demanded resource of management in the science and technology sector, and the reasons for the low «innovativeness» of the current economic mechanism. The inadequacy of systems for scientific activities evaluation to the realities, casual legal and linguistic uncertainty in normative papers are significant negative factors. If the influence of these factors is reduced, the methods of program-target management of STD will be much more effective.

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE BOTTLENECK OF IRAN'S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM BY TOC THINKING PROCESS

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Abdi ◽  
Alireza Hasanzadeh ◽  
Ali-Asghar Fani ◽  
Seyed Hassan Ghodsi Poor
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Diffusion Mechanisms ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Research And Education

This paper contributes to identify systematic problems in NIS using Thinking Process (TOC-TP) and to eliminate the bottlenecks, which results in improving the innovation process and efficiency of NIS. The Case study in this research is the NIS of Iran. The national documents of the innovation system were studied and all problems of NIS mentioned in documents were gathered. The causal relationships between the systematic problems were identified by the survey and grouped into 6 components by Exploratory Factor Analysis: weakness in technology diffusion mechanisms, the lack of centralized governance on science and technology policy, the government's pivotal role as an executor in education and research, weak laws and regulations in the field of research and technology, the lack of adequate financial resources in R&D and the lack of any perspective on the creation of wealth and entrepreneurship among the actors of research and technology. Finally the bottleneck of Iran's NIS was recognized by Thinking Process tools: the small participation of private sector in research and education system as the result of government's pivotal role as an executor of Iran's national innovation system. So the researchers could diagnose the policy gaps related to the identified bottlenecks.

scholarly journals Comparing National Innovation System among the USA, Japan, and Finland to Improve Korean Deliberation Organization for National Science and Technology Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daekook Kang ◽  
Wooseok Jang ◽  
Yoonjo Kim ◽  
Jeonghwan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Current State ◽  
National Science ◽  
Operational Improvement

As the Korean government expands the budget for national research and development, the need for an institute that deliberates, coordinates, and operates research development and its budget has increased. In response to these demands, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) was recently established. However, to achieve a creative economy, which is the economic system where value is based on novel imaginative qualities rather than the traditional resources of land, labor, and capital, more efficiently, fundamental research regarding the current state of the Korean national administration system of science and technology in Korea is required. Accordingly, this study first analyzes the function and organizational structure of the NSTC in Korea. Second, it investigates the current state of the NSTC in other countries. Finally, the study derives several implications for improving NSTC operation based on the benchmarking study and suggests an operational improvement plan for NSTC with respect to enhancement of function, operation of organization, human resource management, and improvement of the relationships between other departments. The study contributes to analyze the current state of the NSTC in Korea and science and technology (S&T) Councils in other major countries, systematically and in detail. In addition, based on benchmarking study, this study derived operational improvement of NSTC in Korea with four perspectives, including enhancement of function, operation of organization, human resource management, and improvement of the relationships between other departments.

Relative Rates of Growth—Agriculture and Manufacturing by Ashok Rudra. Bombay: University of Bombay, 1967. Price Rs. 8.00. p. 89.

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-546
Author(s):  
Azizur Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Present Book ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The question of balance between the growth rates of agriculture and industry has been an important one in formulating development plans for the underdeveloped countries. In both India and Pakistan, agriculure has proved to be the lagging sector leading to a rise in the relative prices of agricultural products. That such an imbalance in the relative rates of growth cannot be continued much longer without arresting the growth rate of the industrial sector itself is almost universally recognised these days. In the theory of planning one frequently comes across the concept of balanced growth between agriculture and industry. Various authors have emphasised different aspects of the interrelationship between agriculture and in¬dustry in defining the criteria of balanced growth. A very important theory has been propounded by W. Arthur Lewis in which the lagging agricultural produc¬tion results in the shortage of foodgrains while the income generated by manu¬facturing keeps raising the demand for food. The result is a rise in wages and the decline in capitalists' share of national product. Although such theories are very illuminating they are by no means adequate guides for the practical planner. In formulating balanced plans for sectoral expansion one has to have some quanti¬tative idea about the required relative rates of balanced growth of the major sec¬tors of the economy. The present book by Dr. Ashok Rudra is an attempt at such quantification.

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