scholarly journals Effects of sleep deprivation on sustained attention in young adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Pinto Vargas ◽  
Stefanie Aline Aguiar ◽  
José Angelo Barela
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Post Test

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation is common nowadays and considering that attention is important to our daily activities, it is important to compare the effects of sleep deprivation on sustained attention.AIM: This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on sustained attention in young adults.METHOD: Sixteen adults were evaluated both after a normal and after one night of sleep deprivation. Sustained attention was assessed through the Tolouse-Piéron Test (TPT), measuring the number of correct responses (CR), omissions, and attention coefficient, at first, fifth and tenth minutes of the test.RESULTS: Results revealed a reduction in the number of CR in the fifth compared to the first minute but only in the post-test session. The number of omissions increased in the fifth compared to the first minute in the post sleep deprivation. Attention coefficient decreased in the fifth and tenth compared to the first minute.CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation deteriorates sustained attention, especially when adults are required to maintain attention for long periods.

scholarly journals 0299 Total Sleep Deprivation and Time on Task: Not the Same for Sustained Attention and Executive Processes and Poor Benefit of Caffeine

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A113-A113
Author(s):  
M Erblang ◽  
M Quiquempoix ◽  
A Vergez ◽  
P Van Beers ◽  
M Guillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Mental Fatigue is commonly questioned regarding time on task or sleep debt effect (Hockey, 2013; Pattyn et al., 2018) or sleep debt effect (Krause et al., 2017). No studies have neither investigated contributions of these two factors for different cognitive processes nor benefit of caffeine. Methods 24 right-handed and healthy subjects (18–50 years old), with a median chronotype and sleep need participated in a 2-experimental counter-balanced (placebo: PBO and caffeine: COFFEE - 2.5 mg/kg) total sleep deprivation protocol (TSD = 27 hours of continuous wakefulness). Subjective sleepiness (KSS), sustained attention (PC-PVT), inhibition (Go-NoGo) and working memory (2N-Back) capabilities were tested each morning during BASE and TSD (10 min. test session from 9:15 am to 10:15 am). Caffeine was ingested with a decaffeinated drink at 8:30 am. Results KSS score (5.6±0.4 vs 3.2±0.3; p<0.001), number of Lapses (9.8±1.7 vs 0.4±0.2; p<0.001), mean response time (RT: 308±4.9 vs 260±9.4; p<0.001) in PVT, errors of commission (6.4±0.4 vs 3.1±0.3; p<0.01) and mean response time (RT: 336±24 vs 301±13; p<0.01) in Go-NoGo were significantly higher after TSD compared to BASE. Neither significant difference in the proportion of correct responses (CR: 0.92±0.015 vs 0.90±0.014; p>0.15) nor RT (592±49 vs 640±28 ms, p > 0,11), were observed in the 2N-Back task. Further analyses showed different TOT x TSD interaction for PVT (after 3 min of task engagement), Go-NoGo (after 6 min) and 2N-Back (after 8 min). Number of Lapses was significantly but partially reduced (5.8±0.4 vs 9.8±1.7; p<0.01) in COFFEE condition compared with PBO with more aversive effects for Go-NoGo errors and 2N-Back BR. Conclusion Our results are in accordance with previous studies showing differential kinetic of cognitive deficits under TSD, limited benefit of sleep banking and regular physical activity (Arnal et al., 2015; Rabat et al., 2019; Sauvet et al., 2019) and no benefit of caffeine on executive processes (Gottsellig et coll., 2006; Killgore et coll., 2007, 2012). Keywords: TSD, TOT, Attention, Executive, Caffeine. Support Grants from the French General Directorate for Armament (Contract Number: SAN-1–509).

scholarly journals The effects of sleep deprivation on the processing of emotional facial expressions in young adults with and without ADHD

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami Cohen ◽  
Kfir Asraf ◽  
Ivgeny Saveliev ◽  
Orrie Dan ◽  
Iris Haimov
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Oddball Task

AbstractThe ability to recognize emotions from facial expressions is essential to the development of complex social cognition behaviors, and impairments in this ability are associated with poor social competence. This study aimed to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on the processing of emotional facial expressions and nonfacial stimuli in young adults with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty-five men (mean age 25.4) with (n = 19) and without (n = 16) ADHD participated in the study. During the five days preceding the experimental session, the participants were required to sleep at least seven hours per night (23:00/24:00–7:00/9:00) and their sleep was monitored via actigraphy. On the morning of the experimental session, the participants completed a 4-stimulus visual oddball task combining facial and nonfacial stimuli, and repeated it after 25 h of sustained wakefulness. At baseline, both study groups had poorer performance in response to facial rather than non-facial target stimuli on all indices of the oddball task, with no differences between the groups. Following sleep deprivation, rates of omission errors, commission errors and reaction time variability increased significantly in the ADHD group but not in the control group. Time and target type (face/non-face) did not have an interactive effect on any indices of the oddball task. Young adults with ADHD are more sensitive to the negative effects of sleep deprivation on attentional processes, including those related to the processing of emotional facial expressions. As poor sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness are common in individuals with ADHD, it is feasible that poor sleep quality and quantity play an important role in cognitive functioning deficits, including the processing of emotional facial expressions that are associated with ADHD.

scholarly journals Dynamics of cerebral responses to sustained attention performance during one night of sleep deprivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqiang Zhu ◽  
Yibin Xi ◽  
Ningbo Fei ◽  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Attention Performance

Sleep Loss and Temporal Memory

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Harrison ◽  
James A. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Temporal Memory ◽  
Short Novel ◽  
Subjective Sleepiness ◽  
Insight Into

Historical evidence suggests that sleep deprivation affects temporal memory, but this has not been studied systematically. We explored the effects of 36 hr of sleep deprivation on a neuropsychological test of temporal memory. To promote optimal performance, the test was short, novel, and interesting, and caffeine was used to reduce “sleepiness”. A total of 40 young adults were randomized into four groups: control + caffeine (Cc), control + placebo (Cp), sleep deprived + caffeine (SDc), and sleep deprived + placebo (SDp). Controls slept normally. Caffeine (350 mg) or placebo were given just prior to testing. The task comprised colour photographs of unknown faces and had two components: recognition memory (distinction between previously presented and novel faces), and recency discrimination (temporal memory), when a previously shown face was presented. An interpolated task, self-ordered pointing, acted as a distraction. Caffeine had no effects within control conditions, but significantly reduced subjective sleepiness in SDc. Recognition was unaffected by sleep deprivation, whereas for recency, sleep deprivation groups scored significantly lower than controls. There was no significant improvement of recency with caffeine in the SDc group. Both sleep deprivation groups had poorer insight into their performance with recency. Self-ordered pointing remained unchanged. In conclusion, sleep deprivation impairs temporal memory (i.e. recency) despite other conditions promoting optimal performance.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury, Abuse, and Poor Sustained Attention in Youth and Young Adults Who Previously Experienced Foster Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cusimano ◽  
Stanley Zhang ◽  
Xin Y. Mei ◽  
Dana Kennedy ◽  
Ashirbani Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

scholarly journals In the same boat? An online group career counseling with a group of young adults in the time of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Santilli ◽  
M. C. Ginevra ◽  
I. Di Maggio ◽  
S. Soresi ◽  
L. Nota
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
Sustainable Future ◽  
The Future ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Online Group ◽  
Life Design

AbstractAn online group of career counseling for unemployed young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic was developed. Twelve participants were involved in online group career counseling intervention, based on the Life Design for an inclusive and sustainable future. Results indicated at post-test on increased scores on career adaptability, resilience, future orientation, and propensity to identify inclusive and sustainable actions for the future than pre-test. Overall, the online group career counseling intervention effectively promoted particular aspects of young adults' life design for an inclusive e-sustainable future.

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