scholarly journals The effects of sleep deprivation on the processing of emotional facial expressions in young adults with and without ADHD

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami Cohen ◽  
Kfir Asraf ◽  
Ivgeny Saveliev ◽  
Orrie Dan ◽  
Iris Haimov
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Oddball Task

AbstractThe ability to recognize emotions from facial expressions is essential to the development of complex social cognition behaviors, and impairments in this ability are associated with poor social competence. This study aimed to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on the processing of emotional facial expressions and nonfacial stimuli in young adults with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty-five men (mean age 25.4) with (n = 19) and without (n = 16) ADHD participated in the study. During the five days preceding the experimental session, the participants were required to sleep at least seven hours per night (23:00/24:00–7:00/9:00) and their sleep was monitored via actigraphy. On the morning of the experimental session, the participants completed a 4-stimulus visual oddball task combining facial and nonfacial stimuli, and repeated it after 25 h of sustained wakefulness. At baseline, both study groups had poorer performance in response to facial rather than non-facial target stimuli on all indices of the oddball task, with no differences between the groups. Following sleep deprivation, rates of omission errors, commission errors and reaction time variability increased significantly in the ADHD group but not in the control group. Time and target type (face/non-face) did not have an interactive effect on any indices of the oddball task. Young adults with ADHD are more sensitive to the negative effects of sleep deprivation on attentional processes, including those related to the processing of emotional facial expressions. As poor sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness are common in individuals with ADHD, it is feasible that poor sleep quality and quantity play an important role in cognitive functioning deficits, including the processing of emotional facial expressions that are associated with ADHD.

The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Recognition of Ambiguous Emotional Facial Expressions in Individuals With ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orrie Dan ◽  
Iris Haimov ◽  
Kfir Asraf ◽  
Kesem Nachum ◽  
Ami Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Intensity Threshold ◽  
Face Stimuli

Objective: The present study sought to investigate whether young adults with ADHD have more difficulty recognizing emotional facial expressions compared with young adults without ADHD, and whether such a difference worsens following sleep deprivation. Method: Thirty-one young men ( M = 25.6) with ( n = 15) or without ( n = 16) a diagnosis of ADHD were included in this study. The participants were instructed to sleep 7 hr or more each night for one week, and their sleep quality was monitored via actigraph. Subsequently, the participants were kept awake in a controlled environment for 30 hr. The participants completed a visual emotional morph task twice—at the beginning and at the end of this period. The task included presentation of interpolated face stimuli ranging from neutral facial expressions to fully emotional facial expressions of anger, sadness, or happiness, allowing for assessment of the intensity threshold for recognizing these facial emotional expressions. Results: Actigraphy data demonstrated that while the nightly sleep duration of the participants with ADHD was similar to that of participants without ADHD, their sleep efficiency was poorer. At the onset of the experiment, there were no differences in recognition thresholds between the participants with ADHD and those without ADHD. Following sleep deprivation, however, the ADHD group required clearer facial expressions to recognize the presence of angry, sad, and, to a lesser extent, happy faces. Conclusion: Among young adults with ADHD, sleep deprivation may hinder the processing of emotional facial stimuli.

Discrimination of emotional facial expressions in a visual oddball task: an ERP study

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Campanella ◽  
C. Gaspard ◽  
D. Debatisse ◽  
R. Bruyer ◽  
M. Crommelinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Visual Oddball

scholarly journals Effects of age and sex on neurophysiological substrates of empathy: a cross-sectional EEG study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Guay ◽  
Josiane Héroux ◽  
Sven Joubert ◽  
Béatrice P.-De Koninck ◽  
Virginie L. Blanchette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Continuous Eeg ◽  
Empathy Quotient ◽  
Age And Sex

Although empathy is an indispensable competence to social adaptation throughout the lifespan, it has been mostly studied with subjective, questionnaire-based measures in the context of healthy aging. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides an objective measure to investigate underlying neurophysiological processes related to empathy through mu rhythm. The current study used empathy-related mu rhythm during the observation of emotional facial expressions (EFE) in addition to the Empathy Quotient questionnaire in order to explore age-related changes of empathy across sexes. A total of 65 participants, including 33 young adults and 32 seniors, took part in this study. They were instructed to observe as well as to try experiencing emotional facial expressions (joy, fear, neutral) depicted on short video clips during which continuous EEG was recorded. They also completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) questionnaire. Young adults reacted more strongly to emotional EFEs. Seniors perceived themselves as less empathic and exhibited an equivalent neurophysiological response to emotional and neutral stimuli. A significant sex effect in favour of females was found on mu rhythm modulation. Mu rhythm appears to be an age and sex sensitive neurophysiological marker linked to empathy and could therefore serve as an objective measure of empathy.

Instrument for Assessing the Ability to Identify Emotional Facial Expressions in Healthy Children and in Children With ADHD: The FEEL Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Lázaro ◽  
Imanol Amayra ◽  
Juan Francisco López-Paz ◽  
Oscar Martínez ◽  
Manuel Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Test Method ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Study Results

Objective: This study presents the validation of a computerized assessment tool that studies the ability to recognize emotional facial expressions in children between 8 and 11 years of age: the Facially Expressed Emotion Labeling Test (FEEL Test). Method: The two tests composing the protocol were applied using a laptop in the following order: the FEEL Test followed by the Deusto-e-Motion 1.0 Test.The sample consisted of a total of 1,189 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 11 years, 594 boys and 594 girls. A clinical sample of 47 children with ADHD also took part in this study. Results: The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the total scale was .82, showing high levels of reliability. The difficulty index of the items ranged between .4 and .7. The statistical analyses showed a high rate of discrimination between those who obtained low scores compared with those who obtained high scores. The test results reflected differences according to age and gender of participants in many of the variables associated with both response accuracy and response speed. Regarding its predictive validity, the test is able to find statistically significant differences in the total test score among a group of children diagnosed with ADHD and a matched control group. Conclusion: This article presents the validation of an instrument that assesses the ability to recognize facial expressions in children between 8 and 11 years old and can discriminate and detect differences in gender, age, and possible deficits in social skills within the ADHD.

scholarly journals Older adults detect happy facial expressions less rapidly

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 191715
Author(s):  
Akie Saito ◽  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Sakiko Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Properties

Previous experimental psychology studies based on visual search paradigms have reported that young adults detect emotional facial expressions more rapidly than emotionally neutral expressions. However, it remains unclear whether this holds in older adults. We investigated this by comparing the abilities of young and older adults to detect emotional and neutral facial expressions while controlling the visual properties of faces presented (termed anti-expressions) in a visual search task. Both age groups detected normal angry faces more rapidly than anti-angry faces. However, whereas young adults detected normal happy faces more rapidly than anti-happy faces, older adults did not. This suggests that older adults may not be easy to detect or focusing attention towards smiling faces appearing peripherally.

scholarly journals Degraded Impairment of Emotion Recognition in Parkinson’s Disease Extends from Negative to Positive Emotions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Yao Lin ◽  
Yi-Min Tien ◽  
Jong-Tsun Huang ◽  
Chon-Haw Tsai ◽  
Li-Chuan Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration ◽  
Motor Problems

Because of dopaminergic neurodegeneration, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) show impairment in the recognition of negative facial expressions. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether PD patients with more advanced motor problems would show a much greater deficit in recognition of emotional facial expressions than a control group and whether impairment of emotion recognition would extend to positive emotions. Twenty-nine PD patients and 29 age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Participants were asked to discriminate emotions in Experiment  1 and identify gender in Experiment  2. In Experiment  1, PD patients demonstrated a recognition deficit for negative (sadness and anger) and positive faces. Further analysis showed that only PD patients with high motor dysfunction performed poorly in recognition of happy faces. In Experiment  2, PD patients showed an intact ability for gender identification, and the results eliminated possible abilities in the functions measured in Experiment  2 as alternative explanations for the results of Experiment  1. We concluded that patients’ ability to recognize emotions deteriorated as the disease progressed. Recognition of negative emotions was impaired first, and then the impairment extended to positive emotions.

scholarly journals Feedback training can increase detection of happiness in ambiguous facial expressions in children and adults with autism spectrum disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Griffiths ◽  
Angela Suzanne Attwood ◽  
Ian Scott Penton-Voak ◽  
Christopher Jarrold ◽  
Marcus R Munafo
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Active Training

AbstractRecognition of subtle emotional facial expressions is challenging for some individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Training that targets recognition of low intensity emotional expressions may therefore be effective as an intervention to improve social-emotional skills. This paper reports the results of two randomised controlled experiments looking at the effect of a training methodology designed to increase the recognition of happy emotion in low intensity happy facial expressions. The first study implements this training with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, N = 14) and the second study implements this training with adults with ASD (N = 27). The training paradigm used images from a morph sequence that mixed a happy expression with a mixed-emotion ‘norm’ expression to create a sequence of varying intensity happy expressions. Participants were asked to say whether or not individual faces from the sequence were happy, to measure their happiness detection threshold. Participants that received active training were given biased feedback to shift their detection threshold, while participants that received control training were given feedback consistent with their baseline threshold. There was some statistical evidence that thresholds in the active training group shifted more than in the control group. This suggests training was successful in increasing the number of expressions that individuals identified as happy. However, there was no evidence that training increased facial expression recognition accuracy, as measured by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task completed after training (Study 2).

scholarly journals Deficits of visual working memory representations of emotional facial expressions in patients with congenital facial palsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Gambarota ◽  
Roy Luria ◽  
massimiliano pastore ◽  
Elisa De Stefani ◽  
Pier Francesco Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Moebius Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Participants

Recent models of sensorimotor simulation postulate that simulation aids ‘refining’ visual representations of others’ emotional facial expressions through an iterative communication with the visual system. In order to test this aspect of sensorimotor simulation models, in the present investigation we recruited a sample of patients with Moebius syndrome (MS), characterized by congenital facial paralysis, and a control group of healthy participants. MS patients constitute a particularly interesting test as their congenital impossibility of producing facial movements and expressing emotions through the face should translate into a deficit of facial expressions processing. Here, MS and healthy participants underwent a task aimed at measuring the precision with which representations of facial expressions of emotions are maintained in visual working memory (VWM) by implementing a delayed estimation task. In each trial, participants saw a face with a certain intensity of facial expression (i.e., of happiness, disgust or anger) and, after a short time interval of about 1 sec, they had to select the to-be-memorized image inside a circular array in which facial expressions of increasing intensity were presented in an orderly manner. The results indicated that MS participants built lower quality representations of the intensity of emotional expressions when compared to healthy participants. These findings support the role of sensorimotor simulation in improving the quality of emotional representations of facial expressions during early stages of processing.

scholarly journals Cerebral and autonomic responses to emotional facial expressions in depersonalisation disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Lemche ◽  
Ananthapadmanabha Anilkumar ◽  
Vincent P. Giampietro ◽  
Michael J. Brammer ◽  
Simon A. Surguladze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotion Suppression ◽  
Autonomic Responses ◽  
Fmri Signal ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Emotion Intensity

BackgroundDepersonalisation disorder is characterised by emotion suppression, but the cerebral mechanisms of this symptom are not yet fully understood.AimsTo compare brain activation and autonomic responses of individuals with the disorder and healthy controls.MethodHappy and sad emotion expressions in increasing intensities (neutral to intense) were presented in an implicit event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design with simultaneous measurement of autonomic responses.ResultsParticipants with depersonalisation disorder showed fMRI signal decreases, whereas the control group showed signal increases in response to emotion intensity increases in both happy and sad expressions. The analysis of evoked haemodynamic responses from regions exhibiting functional connectivity between central and autonomic nervous systems indicated that in depersonalisation disorder initial modulations of haemodynamic response occurred significantly earlier (2s post-stimulus) than in the control group (4–6s post-stimulus).ConclusionsThe results suggest that fMRI signal decreases are possible correlates of emotion suppression in depersonalisation disorder.

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