scholarly journals 0299 Total Sleep Deprivation and Time on Task: Not the Same for Sustained Attention and Executive Processes and Poor Benefit of Caffeine

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A113-A113
Author(s):  
M Erblang ◽  
M Quiquempoix ◽  
A Vergez ◽  
P Van Beers ◽  
M Guillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Mental Fatigue is commonly questioned regarding time on task or sleep debt effect (Hockey, 2013; Pattyn et al., 2018) or sleep debt effect (Krause et al., 2017). No studies have neither investigated contributions of these two factors for different cognitive processes nor benefit of caffeine. Methods 24 right-handed and healthy subjects (18–50 years old), with a median chronotype and sleep need participated in a 2-experimental counter-balanced (placebo: PBO and caffeine: COFFEE - 2.5 mg/kg) total sleep deprivation protocol (TSD = 27 hours of continuous wakefulness). Subjective sleepiness (KSS), sustained attention (PC-PVT), inhibition (Go-NoGo) and working memory (2N-Back) capabilities were tested each morning during BASE and TSD (10 min. test session from 9:15 am to 10:15 am). Caffeine was ingested with a decaffeinated drink at 8:30 am. Results KSS score (5.6±0.4 vs 3.2±0.3; p<0.001), number of Lapses (9.8±1.7 vs 0.4±0.2; p<0.001), mean response time (RT: 308±4.9 vs 260±9.4; p<0.001) in PVT, errors of commission (6.4±0.4 vs 3.1±0.3; p<0.01) and mean response time (RT: 336±24 vs 301±13; p<0.01) in Go-NoGo were significantly higher after TSD compared to BASE. Neither significant difference in the proportion of correct responses (CR: 0.92±0.015 vs 0.90±0.014; p>0.15) nor RT (592±49 vs 640±28 ms, p > 0,11), were observed in the 2N-Back task. Further analyses showed different TOT x TSD interaction for PVT (after 3 min of task engagement), Go-NoGo (after 6 min) and 2N-Back (after 8 min). Number of Lapses was significantly but partially reduced (5.8±0.4 vs 9.8±1.7; p<0.01) in COFFEE condition compared with PBO with more aversive effects for Go-NoGo errors and 2N-Back BR. Conclusion Our results are in accordance with previous studies showing differential kinetic of cognitive deficits under TSD, limited benefit of sleep banking and regular physical activity (Arnal et al., 2015; Rabat et al., 2019; Sauvet et al., 2019) and no benefit of caffeine on executive processes (Gottsellig et coll., 2006; Killgore et coll., 2007, 2012). Keywords: TSD, TOT, Attention, Executive, Caffeine. Support Grants from the French General Directorate for Armament (Contract Number: SAN-1–509).

scholarly journals Limited Benefit of Sleep Extension on Cognitive Deficits During Total Sleep Deprivation: Illustration With Two Executive Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Rabat ◽  
Pierrick J. Arnal ◽  
Hortense Monnard ◽  
Mégane Erblang ◽  
Pascal Van Beers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Extension

A Method to Reduce Rural EMS Response Times

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Johnson ◽  
W. Ann Maggiore ◽  
David Ralph Davis
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Response System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Made In

AbstractProlonged EMS response times are a significant problem in rural areas. In this study, VHF radios and personal medical kits were placed in the private vehicles of rescue squad members. By coordinating the responses using radios, higher level EMTs were sent directly to the scene to initiate patient assessment and other procedures while others proceeded to an unstaffed station to pick up the rescue truck.Using this response system, EMTs arrived at the scene prior to the rescue vehicle on 30 of 35 calls (85.7%). In 25 of 35 calls (71.4%), the first person at the scene was at an advanced EMT level even though the majority of responses (56%) were made by Basic EMTs (p<0.001). The mean response time for EMTs using privately owned vehicles was 9±4 minutes (means±SD) compared with 16±9 minutes for the rescue truck (p<0.01). There also was a significant difference in response times between the privately owned vehicles and the rescue truck when the time between the receipt of the call and the initial acknowledgement of response was measured (1±1 minutes vs. 7±3 minutes; p<0.01).An effective EMS response can be made in rural areas by sending EMTs directly to a scene in private vehicles. Providing EMTs with VHF radios and personal medical kits enhances this response.

scholarly journals Effect of cognitive load and emotional valence of distractors on performance during sleep extension and subsequent sleep deprivation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E Alger ◽  
Allison J Brager ◽  
Thomas J Balkin ◽  
Vincent F Capaldi ◽  
Guido Simonelli
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Extension Phase ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Sleep Extension

Abstract Study Objectives The purpose of the present study was to assess the extent to which sleep extension followed by sleep deprivation impacts performance on an attentional task with varying cognitive and attentional demands that influence decisions. Methods Task performance was assessed at baseline, after 1 week of sleep extension, and after 40 h of total sleep deprivation. Results One week of sleep extension resulted in improved performance, particularly for high cognitive load decisions regardless of the emotional salience of attentional distractors. Those who extended sleep the most relative to their habitual sleep duration showed the greatest improvement in general performance during sleep extension. However, a higher percentage of time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) on the last night of the sleep extension phase was negatively correlated with performance on more difficult high cognitive load items, possibly reflecting a relatively higher level of residual sleep need. Sleep deprivation generally resulted in impaired performance, with a nonsignificant trend toward greater performance decrements in the presence of emotionally salient distractors. Performance overall, but specifically for high cognitive load decisions, during total sleep deprivation was negatively correlated with longer sleep and higher SWS percentage during subsequent recovery sleep. Conclusions The present findings suggest two possibilities: those who performed relatively poorly during sleep deprivation were more vulnerable because (1) they utilized mental resources (i.e. accrued sleep debt) at a relatively faster rate during wakefulness, and/or (2) they failed to “pay down” pre-study sleep debt to the same extent as better-performing participants during the preceding sleep extension phase.

scholarly journals Evaluation of oral stereognosis in completely edentulous patients with palatal tori.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Indumathi Sivakumar ◽  
◽  
Rachel Chua Hui Shien ◽  
Nur Lyanna Mahfuzah Binti Mohamad Johar ◽  
Sham Wern Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Group 1

Background: The corollary is not investigated in the completely edentulous patients with palatal tori. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the oral stereognostic ability in completely edentulous patients with palatal tori. Material and Methods: Thirty-four completely edentulous patients aged 50 to 89 years were allocated to Group 1 (without palatal tori, n=18) and Group 2 (with palatal tori, n=16). The oral stereognostic test was conducted using 6 intraoral test pieces (circle/square/rectangle/triangle/plus/toroid) that were fabricated to standard dimensions using the light cure acrylic resin. Each test piece was placed in the patient’s mouth and was asked to manipulate the test piece between the tongue and the palate. The patients identified the shapes by matching them on a shape chart. Each correct identification was assigned a score of 1. The response time taken to identify each shape was recorded. Statistical computation was done using a chi - square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Significant difference was observed in the overall scoring percentages between the 2 groups (p<0.05). Group 2 had lower oral stereognostic scores compared to group 1 (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean response time for identifying the shapes among the groups, however group 2 patients had longer response time. Conclusion: Oral stereognostic ability of the completely edentulous patients with torus palatinus was lower when compared to completely edentulous patients without tori.

scholarly journals Impact of total sleep deprivation and related mood changes on approach-avoidance decisions to threat-related facial displays

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Grèzes ◽  
Mégane Erblang ◽  
Emma Vilarem ◽  
Michael Quiquempoix ◽  
Pascal Van Beers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Study Objectives Total sleep deprivation is known to have significant detrimental effects on cognitive and socio-emotional functioning. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which total sleep loss disturbs decision-making in social contexts are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of total sleep deprivation on approach/avoidance decisions when faced with threatening individuals, as well as the potential moderating role of sleep-related mood changes. Methods Participants (n = 34) made spontaneous approach/avoidance decisions in the presence of task-irrelevant angry or fearful individuals, while rested or totally sleep deprived (27 hours of continuous wakefulness). Sleep-related changes in mood and sustained attention were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affective Scale and the psychomotor vigilance task, respectively. Results Rested participants avoided both fearful and angry individuals, with stronger avoidance for angry individuals, in line with previous results. On the contrary, totally sleep deprived participants favored neither approach nor avoidance of fearful individuals, while they still comparably avoided angry individuals. Drift-diffusion models showed that this effect was accounted for by the fact that total sleep deprivation reduced value-based evidence accumulation toward avoidance during decision making. Finally, the reduction of positive mood after total sleep deprivation positively correlated with the reduction of fearful display avoidance. Importantly, this correlation was not mediated by a sleep-related reduction in sustained attention. Conclusions All together, these findings support the underestimated role of positive mood-state alterations caused by total sleep loss on approach/avoidance decisions when facing ambiguous socio-emotional displays, such as fear.

scholarly journals Effects of sleep deprivation on sustained attention in young adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Pinto Vargas ◽  
Stefanie Aline Aguiar ◽  
José Angelo Barela
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Post Test

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation is common nowadays and considering that attention is important to our daily activities, it is important to compare the effects of sleep deprivation on sustained attention.AIM: This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on sustained attention in young adults.METHOD: Sixteen adults were evaluated both after a normal and after one night of sleep deprivation. Sustained attention was assessed through the Tolouse-Piéron Test (TPT), measuring the number of correct responses (CR), omissions, and attention coefficient, at first, fifth and tenth minutes of the test.RESULTS: Results revealed a reduction in the number of CR in the fifth compared to the first minute but only in the post-test session. The number of omissions increased in the fifth compared to the first minute in the post sleep deprivation. Attention coefficient decreased in the fifth and tenth compared to the first minute.CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation deteriorates sustained attention, especially when adults are required to maintain attention for long periods.

scholarly journals Benefits of Sleep Extension on Sustained Attention and Sleep Pressure Before and During Total Sleep Deprivation and Recovery

SLEEP ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1935-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierrick J. Arnal ◽  
Fabien Sauvet ◽  
Damien Leger ◽  
Pascal van Beers ◽  
Virginie Bayon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Extension

Speed/accuracy trade-off in the effects of acute total sleep deprivation on a sustained attention and response inhibition task

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1441-1444
Author(s):  
Amanda N. Hudson ◽  
Devon A. Hansen ◽  
John M. Hinson ◽  
Paul Whitney ◽  
Matthew E. Layton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Speed Accuracy

scholarly journals 0143 Vigilance Declines Following Sleep Deprivation are Associated with Two Previously Identified Dynamic Connectivity States

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A56-A57
Author(s):  
J Teng ◽  
J Ong ◽  
A Patanaik ◽  
J Zhou ◽  
M Chee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Arousal State ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Dynamic Connectivity

Abstract Introduction Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis of resting-state fMRI data has been successfully used to track fluctuations in arousal in the human brain. Changes in DFC have also been reported with acute sleep deprivation. Here, we demonstrate that dynamic connectivity states (DCS) previously related to arousal are reproducible, and are associated with individual differences in sustained attention declines after one night of total sleep deprivation. Methods 32 participants underwent two counterbalanced resting-state fMRI scans: during rested wakefulness (RW) and following total sleep deprivation (SD). They also completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), a sustained attention task that is highly sensitive to the effects of sleep loss. SD vulnerability was computed as the decrease in response speed (∆RS) and increase in lapses (∆lapse) in SD compared with RW. Dynamic functional connectivity analysis was conducted on rs-fMRI data. Connectivity matrices were clustered to obtain 5 prototypical DCS. We calculated the proportion of time participants spent in each of these DCS, as well as how often participants transitioned between DCSs. Relationships between SD vulnerability and connectivity metrics were then correlated. Results We recovered two DCS that were highly similar (ρ = .89-.91) to arousal-related DCS observed in previous work (high arousal state (HAS); low arousal state (LAS)). After sleep deprivation, the proportion of time spent in the LAS increased significantly (t29=3.16, p=.0039), while there was no significant change in HAS (t29=-1.43, p=.16). We observed significantly more state transitions in RW compared with SD. Change in LAS and HAS across sleep conditions correlated significantly with SD vulnerability (ΔLASxΔRS: r=-0.64, p&lt;.0001; ΔLASxΔlapse: r=0.43, p=.018; ΔHASxΔRS; r=0.43, p=.019; ΔHASxΔlapse; r=-0.39, p=.033). Finally, Δ%transitions was correlated with ΔRS but not Δlapse. Conclusion This study adds to the evidence that two specific reproducible DCS are robust markers of arousal and attention, and may be useful indicators of SD vulnerability. Support This work was supported by the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (STaR/0015/2013), and the National Research Foundation Science of Learning (NRF2016-SOL002-001).

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