scholarly journals Modern trends in the prevalence of large intestinal diseases in the udmurt republic in 2019–2020.

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
L. A. Koscheeva ◽  
A. R. Adieva ◽  
S. N. Styazhkina
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Hospital Department ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Colon Diseases

At the present stage of the development of medicine there is a tendency to increase diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract). The colon is the final stage of the digestion process, but it is no less important link in the gastrointestinal tract. The large intestine includes such important functions as: transport, motor, excretory. Colon pathologies in the structure of surgical morbidity are widespread; in recent years, an increase in their incidence has been noted. According to literature data, more than 11.3 % of the total adult population of the planet suffer from non-neoplastic diseases of the large intestine. This is 16–29 % of the total number of coloproctological patients. Men 30–50 years old get sick 4 times more often than women of the same age. At the present stage of the development of medicine, diseases of the colon are divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory in nature. Inflammatory diseases include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are recurrent diseases in which chronic inflammation of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract is observed. Non-inflammatory diseases include diseases such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, colon diverticula, and others [1–8]. In the Udmurt Republic, the incidence of non-inflammatory diseases of the large intestine prevails over inflammatory ones. The aim of our study was to study the structure and identify the most common noninflammatory diseases of the large intestine in the Udmurt Republic for 75 2019–2020. It is difficult to understand the real prevalence of colon diseases because people are embarrassed to see a doctor due to the emergence of psychological barriers. Without adequate treatment, these diseases lead to the chronicity of processes and the occurrence of complications, most often with which patients are admitted to the hospital department. However, our research is certainly important in the field of coloproctology, statistics show the main aspects that require close attention of practitioners.

scholarly journals Some Features of Clinical Laboratory and Instrumental Research in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses in Patients with Myocarditis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3144-3151
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Quality Of Life Index

The issues of diagnosis and adequate treatment of rhinosinusitis (RS) remain very relevant today, since this disease is one of the most widespread in the whole world. So, up to 15% of the adult population suffers from various forms of RS; in children this disease is even more common. Otorhinolaryngologists and primary care physicians face RS in their practice on a daily basis. It should be noted that in most European countries and in America, it is the general practitioner who plays the main role in the treatment of uncomplicated forms of the disease. It is important to note that both acute and chronic RS lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life index, comparable with data on cardiological diseases and obstructive pulmonary disease.

scholarly journals Polypoidal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1625-1629
Author(s):  
Palzum Sherpa ◽  
Abhimanyu Jha ◽  
Sudhamshu Koirala ◽  
Rojan Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Hyperplastic Polyp ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Conventional Adenoma

Background: With increasing usage of endoscopic procedures, gastrointestinal polypoidal lesions are commonly encountered specimens. Histopathological examination is crucial as biological behavior is dependent on its pathological nature. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study performed in Pathology department, Om Hospital and Research Centre from January 2017 to June 2019. The study included lesions received as polyp or polypoidal lesions of gastrointestinal tract for histopathological examination. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Gender, number and site were analysed using Chi square test to evaluate its association with neoplastic nature. Correlation with age and size was tested with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Among 150 cases of gastrointestinal tract polypoidal lesions, 58% were seen in male and 42% in female. Hyperplastic polyp and conventional adenoma were the commonest non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 84 years with a mean age of 50 years. Rectosigmoid region was the commonest site. 134 patients had single and 16 had multiple polypoidal lesions. Most polypoidal lesion had size <1 cm. Gender, age, number and size showed no correlation with neoplastic nature. A significant association was found with site with notably higher number of neoplastic lesions in large intestine. Conclusion: A spectrum of histological types of polypoidal lesions were found in Gastrointestinal tract, most frequently in colorectal region. Hyperplastic polyp and adenomatous polyp were the commonest non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively. A notably higher number of polypoidal lesions in the large intestine were found to be neoplastic in nature.

scholarly journals C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Specifically Acts on the Pylorus and Large Intestine in Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract

2013 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizuru Sogawa ◽  
Hidekatsu Wakizaka ◽  
Winn Aung ◽  
Zhao-hui Jin ◽  
Atsushi B. Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Large Intestine

Description of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley J. Stannard ◽  
Julie M. Old
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Microscopic Description ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
New Information ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This paper provides a macro- and microscopic description of the digestive tract of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger), a small dasyurid marsupial. The digestive tract was simple, with no external differentiation between the small and large intestine, and lacked a caecum. Mean gross length of the kultarr digestive tract was 165.2 ± 32.1 mm. Microscopically, the tissues had cell types similar to those of other mammals. The new information will aid future post-mortem investigations of captive kultarrs and future studies of nutrition.

Pyrosequencing-based analysis of the complex microbiota located in the gastrointestinal tracts of growing-finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 870 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
Y. Han ◽  
J. Z. Zhao ◽  
Z. J. Zhou ◽  
H. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Colon And Rectum

The commensal gut microbial communities play an important role in the health and production efficiency of growing-finishing pigs. This study aimed to analyse the composition and diversity of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract sections (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum) of growing-finishing pigs. This analysis was assessed using 454 pyrosequencing targeting the V3–V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were collected from 20, healthy pigs aged 24 weeks and weighing 115.9 ± 5.4 kg. The dominant bacterial phyla in the various gastrointestinal tract sections were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Prevotella, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospira were more abundant in the large intestine than in the stomach and the small intestine. Unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae and Corynebacterium were more abundant in the small intestine than in the stomach and the large intestine. Shuttleworthia, unclassified Veillonellaceae and Mitsuokella were more abundant in the stomach than in the small and large intestines. At the species level, M. el.s.d.enii and M. multacida were predominant in the stomach. In addition, P. stercorea, P. copri, C. butyricum, R. flavefaciens and R. bromii were significantly more abundant in the large intestine than in the stomach and the small intestine. B. pseudolongum and B. thermacidophilum were significantly more abundant in the small intestine than in the stomach and the large intestine. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the overall composition of the pig gastrointestinal microbiota could be clustered into three groups: stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and large intestine (caecum, colon and rectum). Venn diagrams illustrated the distribution of shared and specific operational taxonomic units among the various gastrointestinal tract sections.

Gastrointestinal physiology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Physiology

This chapter describes gastrointestinal physiology as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of the functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, saliva, swallowing, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and large intestine. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

scholarly journals INDIGENOUS, NORMAL, AND AUTOCHTHONOUS FLORA OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

1965 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Dubos ◽  
Russell W. Schaedler ◽  
Richard Costello ◽  
Philippe Hoet
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Characteristic Localization

The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract differs qualitatively and quantitatively from one colony of mice to another. Certain components of this flora, however, are always present in large and approximately constant numbers in healthy adult mice, irrespective of the colony from which the animals are derived. Lactobacilli and anaerobic streptococci are extremely numerous in the stomach, the small intestine, and the large intestine. In contrast, organisms of the bacteroides group proliferate only in the large intestine. These three bacterial species persist at approximately constant levels in their characteristic localization throughout the life span of healthy animals. They are closely associated with the walls of the digestive organs, and are probably concentrated in the mucous layer. A few experiments carried out with rats and young swine indicate that lactobacilli are also present in large numbers in the stomach of these animal species. It is suggested that some of the components of the gastrointestinal flora have become symbiotic with their hosts in the course of evolutionary development and thus constitute a true autochthonous flora. The other components of the indigenous flora are acquired early in life either through accidental contact or because they are ubiquitous in the environment. The "normal" flora is that which is always present in the environment of the animal colony under consideration.

scholarly journals Contribution of rat liver and gastrointestinal tract to whole-body protein synthesis in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A McNurlan ◽  
P J Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The rate of protein synthesis was assessed in liver, stomach, small and large intestine and in the whole body of rats by injection of 100 mumol of [14C]leucine/100 g body wt. In each of the tissues turnover was very rapid, so that taken together they accounted for 43% of the protein synthesized by the whole animal.

scholarly journals EBV-Driven Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Lymphomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Spectrum of Entities with a Common Denominator (Part 2)

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4527
Author(s):  
Magda Zanelli ◽  
Francesca Sanguedolce ◽  
Andrea Palicelli ◽  
Maurizio Zizzo ◽  
Giovanni Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Primary Effusion Lymphoma ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Epstein Barr

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a common pathogen infecting people primarily early in life. The virus has the ability to persist throughout a person’s life, usually in B lymphocytes. Conditions of immunodeficiency as well as the introduction of immunosuppressive therapies and the advent of transplant technologies has brought immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders into view, which are often driven by EBV. The group of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders includes different entities, with distinct biological features, ranging from indolent disorders, which may even spontaneously regress, to aggressive lymphomas requiring prompt and adequate treatment. These disorders are often diagnostically challenging due to their overlapping morphology and immunophenotype. Both nodal and extra-nodal sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, may be involved. This review, divided in three parts, summarizes the clinical, pathological, molecular features and treatment strategies of EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders occurring in the gastrointestinal tract and critically analyzes the major issues in the differential diagnosis. In this part of the review, we discuss plasmablastic lymphoma, extra-cavitary primary effusion lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma.

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