scholarly journals Polypoidal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1625-1629
Author(s):  
Palzum Sherpa ◽  
Abhimanyu Jha ◽  
Sudhamshu Koirala ◽  
Rojan Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Hyperplastic Polyp ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Conventional Adenoma

Background: With increasing usage of endoscopic procedures, gastrointestinal polypoidal lesions are commonly encountered specimens. Histopathological examination is crucial as biological behavior is dependent on its pathological nature. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study performed in Pathology department, Om Hospital and Research Centre from January 2017 to June 2019. The study included lesions received as polyp or polypoidal lesions of gastrointestinal tract for histopathological examination. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Gender, number and site were analysed using Chi square test to evaluate its association with neoplastic nature. Correlation with age and size was tested with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Among 150 cases of gastrointestinal tract polypoidal lesions, 58% were seen in male and 42% in female. Hyperplastic polyp and conventional adenoma were the commonest non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 84 years with a mean age of 50 years. Rectosigmoid region was the commonest site. 134 patients had single and 16 had multiple polypoidal lesions. Most polypoidal lesion had size <1 cm. Gender, age, number and size showed no correlation with neoplastic nature. A significant association was found with site with notably higher number of neoplastic lesions in large intestine. Conclusion: A spectrum of histological types of polypoidal lesions were found in Gastrointestinal tract, most frequently in colorectal region. Hyperplastic polyp and adenomatous polyp were the commonest non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively. A notably higher number of polypoidal lesions in the large intestine were found to be neoplastic in nature.

scholarly journals Histopathological Study of Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Biopsies in 600 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Haridas Jasani ◽  
Shivani Bhaveshbhai Vora ◽  
Nidhi Amrutlal Patel
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Neoplastic Lesion ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

Introduction: Broadly the whole gastrointestinal tract can be divided into upper and lower segments by taking the insertion of ligament of Treitz as a landmark. The disorders of Lower Gastrointestinal Tract (LGIT) are responsible for a great number of morbidity. The microscopic analysis and the determination of histological types are thus helpful in deciding treatment options, predicting prognosis and conducting epidemiological studies and research. Delay in diagnosis causes direct as well as distant metastasis leading to advanced stage of the disease. Aim: To emphasise the usefulness of LGIT biopsy in diagnosing the conditions, thus helping the surgeons to decide further management prior to resection, especially in malignant cases. Materials and Methods: An observational retrospective study of various LGIT biopsies sent for Histopathological Examination (HPE) at Pathology department of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India was carried out. The study was based on the HPE of lesions received in the duration from June 2019 to September 2020. In this study, the records of LGIT specimens including small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus were included. Due importance was paid to brief clinical history with patient’s age, inpatient number and presenting signs and symptoms. A total of 600 specimens were analysed. Results: Non-neoplastic lesions were more common than neoplastic lesions cases out of the total 600 cases. Lesions were more common in 2nd to 5th decades with male preponderance. Among non-neoplastic lesions, majority of non-neoplastic lesion were of appendiceal lesion (247) followed by non-specific inflammation (138). Out of 30 neoplastic lesions; most common were of adenocarcinoma (15 cases). Conclusion: A wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions were diagnosed in the present study. In small intestine, non-neoplastic lesions were common while most of the malignant lesions were common in large intestine. The most common non-neoplastic lesion was appendicitis followed by non-specific inflammation and the most common neoplastic lesion was adenocarcinoma.

scholarly journals N-Acetyl Cysteine Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Methotrexate in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1010
Author(s):  
Aamna Khokhar ◽  
Iram Kehkashan Khurshid ◽  
Sadia Lodhi ◽  
Alia Sarfaraz ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Liver is not only involved in maintaining homeostasis but also exhibits significant role in metabolism and detoxification of various drugs and toxins. Aim: To explore the hepato-protective role of N-acetylcysteine against methotrexate induced hepato-toxicity. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: This study having mice (n=18) was carried out after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at Foundation university medical college in collaboration of National institute of health, Islamabad in 2017. Single intraperitoneal injection (20mg/kg) of methotrexate induced hepato-toxicity. Hepatoprotective effect was assessed by oral administration N-acetylcysteine (50mg/kg) alone with methotrexate. The extent of liver damage and effect of protective agents were determined by measuring serum ALT, AST, ALP after 24 hours of respective treatment. Liver samples were taken for histological analysis. One way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Tukey test was applied for multiple comparisons of biochemical markers between the groups. Histopathological findings were analyzed by Chi Square test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Significant (p < 0.05) hepatotoxicity was seen with substantial elevation in serum ALT, AST and ALP with methotrexate. N-acetylcysteine attenuated the methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity significantly (p < 0.05). The histopathological examination showed mild steatosis along with focal pleomorphism in the liver of mice that received methotrexate in comparison to group treated with N-acetylcysteine and methotrexate though minimal inflammation was seen. Conclusion: We concluded that N-acetylcysteine ameliorates the methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity on when used concomitantly. Keywords: Hepatotoxicity, N-acetylcysteine and Methotrexate

scholarly journals Perinatal outcome of term pregnancies with borderline amniotic fluid index: a prospective case control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Devika V. Desai ◽  
Nigamananda Mishra ◽  
Gayatri V. Savani
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: It has been since antiquity that the importance of amniotic fluid and fetal growth with perinatal outcome is being documented. But the lacunae lies in studying the relationship between borderline amniotic fluid and perinatal outcome. The following study was undertaken to provide recent data that would help predict perinatal outcome in borderline AFI pregnancies.Methods: About 144 patients were considered in the study OPD/IPD patients in obstetrics and gynecology department in Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Hospital, with about 72 cases with borderline amniotic fluid index (5-8 cm) and controls with amniotic fluid index ≥9-25 cm. Patients were selected and subjected to history taking, examination, ultrasound test with doppler studies and perinatal outcome documented over a period of one year.Results: The incidence of borderline AFI in my study was 16%. 58% were primigravidas. Meconium stained liquor was found in 18% cases compared to 7% controls. Low birth weight was found in 12.5% cases and 2.7% in controls. On applying statistical test analysis chi square test, it was found that borderline amniotic fluid index in relation to presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and low birth weight, p value was found to be statistically significant (<0.05).Conclusions: Borderline amniotic fluid and perinatal outcome had significant relationship in terms of meconium stained liquor and birth weight while rest had no significance. Thus, borderline amniotic fluid patients require vigilant fetal surveillance.

scholarly journals Nuchal Cord and Perinatal Outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
K Shereen ◽  
K Patil
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nuchal Cord ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Aims To establish the incidence of nuchal cord at the time of delivery and to assess its impact on the intrapartum and perinatal outcome. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at KLES Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum, India, from January 2011 to March 2011. A sample size of 429 was calculated. Informed consent was obtained and eligible women were enrolled. The babies born with a cord around the neck were compared to those without. The particulars noted were age, BMI, parity, loops of cord around the neck (single or multiple), type of loop, mode of delivery, weight of the baby and Apgar score at birth and 5 minutes. The parameters were then compared and statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Results Incidence of nuchal cord at the time of delivery was 13.75%, of which single nuchal cord was highest (76.66%). The study revealed that age, BMI (in kg/m2), parity, gestational age and birth weight were not statistically significant to the presence of nuchal cord. Though instrumental deliveries were more in babies with nuchal cord, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.932). Apgar score < 7 at 1 minute was significantly low in nuchal cord group and Apgar score at 5 minutes and admission to neonatal unit was equivalent to those babies born without nuchal cord (p = 0.947). Conclusion Nuchal cord is not associated with adverse perinatal outcome. How to cite this article Shereen K, Patil K, Swamy MK. Nuchal Cord and Perinatal Outcome. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(1):15-17.

scholarly journals Prevalance of Gastrointestinal Protozoa of Cats in Animal Hospital and Animal Clinic in Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Amara Lintang Pagati ◽  
Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽  
Chairul Anwar Nidom ◽  
Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti ◽  
Sarmanu Sarmanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Chi Square Test

Research of gastrointestinal protozoan in cats at Surabaya are still limited. Protozoa infection of the gastrointestinal tract can cause diarrhea and even zoonosis. This research aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of protozoan in cats in animal hostptal and animal clinic in Surabaya. Ninety  fecal samples were collected from 2 animal clinic and one animal hospital. Samples were  examined e wet mount (native, sedimentation, and floatation) and (Ziehl Nellsen) stain. Protozoa was identified by using a light microscope with 400x and 1000x magnification. The result showed 68,89% of samples were positively infected by gastrointestinal protozoa. The protozoa were Blastocystis sp, Cryptosporidium sp, Giardia sp, and Eimeria sp. By chi square test, there was  not significant differences the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan in cat between sex, age, breed, and diarrhea status

scholarly journals Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and factors associated in a private tertiary care teaching hospital in Raichur, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 2899
Author(s):  
Prashanta Swami Pujar ◽  
K. B. Phuleker ◽  
Nagaraj Bhalki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Prevention of Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a focus of attention because wound infections continue to be a major source of expense, morbidity, and even mortality. Three quarters of deaths of surgical patients with SSIs are attributed to nosocomial infections, nearly all of which are organ/space infections. The objective of the present study was to estimate the incidence of SSI and to study the various risk factors associated with SSI.Methods: This is a prospective study of 180 eligible cases eligible subjects, who underwent various surgeries in the department of General Surgery after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study conducted at the Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur. The tenure for the study was April 2017 to June 2017. Data was collected using pretested proforma. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16. Chi -square test and multiple logistic regression was applied to know the association between various risk factors and occurrence of SSI.Results: Among 180 patients 33 (18.33%) developed surgical site infections (SSI). Among 33 SSIs 25 (75.76%) were grade 3 and 8 (24.24%) were grade 4 infections. SSIs were found more commonly among patients over 50 years, diabetics, HIV infected patients, patients with longer duration of surgery and associations with these factors were found statistically significant.Conclusions: The incidence rate of SSI was quite high, and its end results will have a greater impact on patients as well as on healthcare systems. Prevention of SSI requires multipronged approach targeting both patient related and procedure related risk factors in pre- operative, intra-operative, and post-operative period.

scholarly journals Prognostic value of the histopathologic private characteristics of breast cancer in patients with no axillary lymph node involvement

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 522-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Gebrim ◽  
Geraldo Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Osvaldo Gianotti Filho ◽  
Elci Barreto ◽  
Fausto F. Baracat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tissue Invasion ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The biological behavior of breast cancer supports the impression that it is often a systemic disease which can recur many years after the treatment of the local lesion. Since 35% of patients without axillary nodal metastasis will have recurrence of the disease after mastectomy, prognostic indicators are necessary to identify the high-risk patients to allow a more rational adjuvant therapy. We studied the prognostic value of fatty tissue invasion, perineural involvement and lymphatic and venous peritumoral embolization in T2NOMO primary breast carcinomas. Fifty-three patients were studied after initial treatment (only Halsted mastectomy). They were divided into two groups: A (control), with 25 patients with 15 years of survival without clinical and laboratory evidence of metastasis, and group B, with 28 patients who developed metastasis after initial treatment. The results were analysed by the chi-square test (p<0.05). The fatty tissue invasion was identified in 56.0% and 78.5% in the A and B groups respectively, while venous embolization was only detected in 8.0% of the group A tumors and in 10.7% of those in group B. Neither showed significant variation when analyzed according to the chi-square test. Lymphatic embolization and perineural involvement were found respectively in 36.0% and 40.0% in the group A tumors and in 67.8% and 71.4% of those in group B, exhibiting a significant statistical variation. When analysing the histopathological characteristics in the pre- and post-menopausal patients, the chi-square test disclosed that lymphatic embolization and perineural involvement had a significantly higher incidence only in pre-menopausal patients in group B.

scholarly journals Impact of institutional educational program on compliance of implementation of surviving sepsis campaign guidelines, total ICU and hospital mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2706
Author(s):  
Kapil H. Agrawal ◽  
Syed M. Ausim ◽  
Rhishikesh M. Awode ◽  
Sarika R. Katiyar
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Surviving Sepsis Campaign ◽  
Icu Mortality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: To determine whether educational program based on the surviving sepsis campaign (SSC) guidelines affects the compliance of implementation of SSC guidelines, total ICU and hospital mortality.Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock admitted to 11 bedded adult medical and surgical ICU of Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. In pre-education period all patients in ICU were daily screened according to severe sepsis screening tool and followed up daily during their entire period of ICU stay. Outcome measures were compliance of implementation of SSC guidelines, total ICU and hospital mortality noted. Education program of resident doctors of the ICU, emergency department, medical and surgical units was carried out. Post-education period data noted similar to the pre-education period. Comparative statistics applied by using Chi-square test and paired Student t-test.Results: Compliance to all resuscitative measures in SSC guideline both 3 hour and 6 hour bundles significantly improved after education program (P-value 0.014). In pre-education period 33.3% patients were treated with complete implementation of SSC Guidelines Bundles compared to 63.6% in post-education period. Total ICU mortality and hospital mortality did not change significantly after education program during study period. Total ICU mortality during pre-education period was 29.52% as compared to 25.45% in post-education period (P-value 0.44) while total hospital mortality in pre-education period was 5.18% as compared to 5.62% in post-education period (P-value 0.07).Conclusions: The Institutional educational program has significant impact on increasing compliance to both 3 hour and 6 hour bundles in SSC guideline but failed to show any significant impact on decreasing overall total ICU and hospital mortality.

scholarly journals HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF SALIVARY GLAND LESIONS WITH CLINICAL CORRELATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Radhika Mucharla ◽  
Ravikanth Kotagiri
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumours ◽  
Chronic Sialadenitis ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

Salivary gland tumours account for 2-6.5% of all the neoplasms of the Head and Neck. Histopathology is most important in diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. AIMS and OBJECTIVES : To study age,sex and site distribution of various salivary gland lesions, to study the histomorphologic (gross &microscopic) aspect of these lesions to correlate clinical diagnosis with that of histopathologic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is conducted in the RAINBOW CLINICAL LABORATORY AND RESEARCH CENTRE, SIDDIPET during the period of September2018 to September 2020. Formalin fixed ,paraffin embedded sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin slides were studied. RESULTS: Total number of specimens were 54. Out of these 39 were neoplastic (benign 70%,malignant 30%) and 15 were non neoplastic. Among the benign tumors majority are pleomorphic adenoma.Among the malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common. Among the non neoplastic lesions chronic sialadenitis is most common. CONCLUSION: Histopathological examination of salivary gland lesions stands out to be the most important method in establishing the final diagnosis. It helps in differentiating non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions.

scholarly journals Histopathological spectrum of nonneoplastic lesions of large intestine- A three year study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Arti Rameshrao Anvikar ◽  
Leena Shrikant Salunke ◽  
Alka Vikas Gosavi ◽  
Priyanka Santosh Palve
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Duplication Cyst ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Amoebic Colitis ◽  
A Site

Large intestine is a site for an array of different nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Clinical manifestations may overlap, thus making the diagnosis difficult and creating the need for tissue diagnosis. Our study aims at detail histopathological examination of the different non neoplastic lesions of large intestine. A total of 30 nonneoplastic lesions of large intestine were studied over a period of 3 years. Both resected specimens and endoscopic biopsy specimens were included. Histopathological findings were studied along with analysis of the distribution of lesions and correlation of the histopathological findings with clinical parameters. The lesions were distributed in all age groups, with maximum frequency in 5 to 8 decades. The frequency was significantly higher in males (23 cases- 76.7%) as compared to females (7 cases- 23.3%). The most common lesion was perforation (10 cases), followed by gangrene (4 cases). Two cases had gangrene with perforation. Other lesions included Hirschprung’s disease (5 cases), Crohn’s disease (two cases) and one case each of Enteric duplication cyst, tuberculosis, amoebic colitis with perforation and Peutz-Jeghers polyp. Three cases had nonspecific inflammation. Our study emphasizes the importance of histopathological examination in the management of colonic lesions

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