scholarly journals resurgence of industrial policies in the age of advanced manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e0200020
Author(s):  
Mateus Lino Labrunie ◽  
Caetano Christophe Rosado Penna ◽  
David Kupfer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Technological Opportunities

This paper analyses recent industrial policy plans made by five leading countries: China, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom and United States. This is done through the analysis of policy documents, using an original framework. Our analysis reveals that these policies have two main motivations. First, the acknowledgement of new technological opportunities and challenges, that allow not only for higher growth rates and competitiveness, but also for addressing ‘societal challenges’ (persistent socio-environmental problems). Second, the growing understanding that, because of the increasing complexity of innovation, private sector efforts alone are not enough, and a higher level of convergence between actors and institutions is needed. We also identify that the policy structures and proposed instruments of these strategies are quite conventional, which contrasts with the rhetoric of these policies. This reveals that the ‘resurgence’ of industrial policies is yet not a return to the ‘old’ policies of the twentieth century, but a new breed, which is much more cautious of interfering with market mechanisms.

scholarly journals New Strategic Approaches to Gaining from Emerging Advanced Manufacturing Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
Yuri Simachev ◽  
◽  
Anna Fedyunina ◽  
Maksim Yurevich ◽  
Mikhail Kuzyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Context

Advanced Manufacturing (AM) markets are a major factor of contemporary worldwide growth that to a large extent determines countries’ competitiveness. Strengthening and/or optimizing the positions on AM markets is among the major challenges for modern industrial policy. This article discusses the structure and dynamics of the development of advanced manufacturing markets, as well as the specifics of the policies of the countries strengthening their positions in these markets. Gaining entry into AM markets currently implies individual countries’ and industries’ adopting different models which combine a wide range of factors. Small nations are rapidly applying such approaches, gaining advantages and thus increasing their competitive edge, which creates certain challenges for leading high-tech countries too slow to adjust their industrial policies. So far the basis for Industry 4.0 markets is just emerging, and remains limited to a few nations including developing ones. Country cases are presented below to illustrate the development of AM markets. The authors conclude that in the current context, no universal approaches to shaping a successful industrial policy remain. The most productive strategy is to combine the unique advantages of a particular economy.

Varieties of Innovation in Wind and Solar Industries

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-48
Author(s):  
Jonas Nahm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Similar Growth

This chapter lays out the central empirical puzzle that motivates the book. It makes two central claims. First, it shows that a common political logic led governments in China, Germany, and the United States to converge on similar policy goals and industrial policy tools in support of wind and solar industries. The need to politically justify public investments in renewable energy sectors ultimately yielded similar growth and employment-focused industrial policies irrespective of the underlying political system. The second half of the chapter chronicles the persistent and consequential divergence of national industrial specializations despite these policy similarities. In the early 2000s, just after China’s WTO accession accelerated changes in the organization of many global industries, firms chose different technological specializations and competitive strategies for participation in emerging wind and solar industries: innovative manufacturing in China, customization in Germany, and invention in the United States.

scholarly journals The Comfortable, the Rich, and the Super-Rich. What Really Happened to Top British Incomes during the First Half of the Twentieth Century?

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scott ◽  
James T. Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Inland Revenue ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Personal Incomes

We examine shifts in British income inequality and their causes from 1911–1949. Using newly rediscovered Inland Revenue income distribution estimates, we show that Britain had an unusually high concentration of personal incomes in 1911 compared to other industrial nations. We also find that Britain’s substantial inequality reduction over the next four decades was largely driven by a collapse in top capital incomes. This parallels findings for France, the United States, and other western countries, that reduced inequality was mainly caused by declining top unearned incomes, owing to economic shocks, policy responses, and non-market mechanisms associated with the retreat from globalization.

The Insidious Momentum of American Mass Incarceration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin E. Zimring
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
American Life ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Or Practice

The phenomenal growth of penal confinement in the United States in the last quarter of the twentieth century is still a public policy mystery. Why did it happen when it happened? What explains the unprecedented magnitude of prison and jail expansion? Why are the current levels of penal confinement so very close to the all-time peak rate reached in 2007? What is the likely course of levels of penal confinement in the next generation of American life? Are there changes in government or policy that can avoid the prospect of mass incarceration as a chronic element of governance in the United States? This study is organized around four major concerns: What happened in the 33 years after 1973? Why did these extraordinary changes happen in that single generation? What is likely to happen to levels of penal confinement in the next three decades? What changes in law or practice might reduce this likely penal future?

Orientalized Aztecs: Observations on the Americanization of Theatrical Dance

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
K. Mitchell Snow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Manifest Destiny ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Policy ◽  
Ballets Russes

The opening decades of the twentieth century saw a passing fashion for “Aztec” dancing in the vaudeville theaters of the United States. Russian classical dancers Kosloff and Fokine tapped the orientalist currents of the Ballets Russes, adopting the Aztec as superficial signs of the American. Conversely, works by Shawn and film director Cecil B. DeMille, which served as points of reference for the Russians, represented a continuation of equally orientalist attitudes toward Mexico's past, forged during the realization of the United States’ policy of Manifest Destiny. The emergence of a cadre of trained dancers from Mexico, trained by students of Kosloff and Shawn, would bring a distinctively different perspective on the presentation of their heritage to the dance stage, one that was no longer based in the imagination of an expansionist America.

A Century of America on Chinese Screens

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Xiao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Print Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
American People ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Films ◽  
New Millennium

AbstractNo serious study has been published on how Chinese filmmakers have portrayed the United States and the American people over the last century. The number of such films is not large. That fact stands in sharp contrast not only to the number of "China pictures" produced in the United States, which is not surprising, but also in contrast to the major role played by Chinese print media. This essay surveys the history of Chinese cinematic images of America from the early twentieth century to the new millennium and notes the shifts from mostly positive portrayal in the pre-1949 Chinese films, to universal condemnation during the Mao years and to a more nuanced, complex, and multi-colored presentation of the last few decades.

scholarly journals Different School Reopening Plans on Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Growth Rates in the School Setting in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liu ◽  
Ge Lin ◽  
Xiaoting Sun ◽  
Yi Du ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
School Setting ◽  
The United States
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