scholarly journals Analysis of the ergogenic effect of asynchronous music on physiological, psychophysiological and performance parameters obtained in an incremental runing test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Marroni Rasteiro ◽  
Fulvia de Barros Manchado Gobatto ◽  
Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias ◽  
João Pedro da Cruz ◽  
Rafael Lucas Cetein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Ergogenic Effect ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Threshold Intensity ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
And Performance

Ten healthy male individuals were randomly evaluated in two exercise sessions (with or without music during the tests). They were submited to an incremental running test (3-min stages; initial intensity equal to 7 km.h-1 and 1 km.h-1 increments; treadmill inclination equal to 1%). The music´s motivation were adressed by the Brunel Rating Music Inventory- 2, considering the most motivation on top of the playlist, and then yours subsequents. Anaerobic threshold intensity (iAnT), blood lactate concentration ([Lac]iAnT) and heart rate (HRiAnT) at anaerobic threshold intensity were considered as physiological parameters. Psychophysiological scales such as Perceived Exertion (PSEBorg), Perceived Effort (PSEFoster) and Estimation of Time Limit (ETL) were used for psychophysiological analyses. Time to exhaustion (T.T) was considered as performance parameter. No differences were found between iAnT (p=0.248), [Lac]iAnT (p=0.786), HRiAnT (p=1.000) an T.T (p=0.055). However, 70% of the sample presented better performance with asynchronous music was inserted (p=0.003). Significant differences were visualized for PSEBorg (AM= ;WM= ;0,042) and ETL (AM= ;WM= ;p=0.015). In sumary, for 70% of the evaluated sample asynchronous music exerted ergogenic effect on the physical performance in an incremental running protocol attenuating the psychophysiological responses without changing physiological parameters.

scholarly journals Physiological responses and cycle characteristics during double-poling versus diagonal-stride roller-skiing in junior cross-country skiers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Andersson ◽  
Irina Hämberg ◽  
Paulo Cesar Do Nascimento Salvador ◽  
Kerry McGawley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to compare physiological factors and cycle characteristics during cross-country (XC) roller-skiing at matched inclines and speeds using the double-poling (DP) and diagonal-stride (DS) sub-techniques in junior female and male XC skiers. Methods Twenty-three well-trained junior XC skiers (11 women, 12 men; age 18.2 ± 1.2 yr.) completed two treadmill roller-skiing tests in a randomized order using either DP or DS. The exercise protocols were identical and included a 5 min warm-up, 4 × 5 min submaximal stages, and an incremental test to exhaustion, all performed at a 5° incline. Results No significant three-way interactions were observed between sex, submaximal exercise intensity, and sub-technique. For the pooled sample, higher values were observed for DP versus DS during submaximal exercise for the mean oxygen uptake kinetics response time (33%), energy cost (18%), heart rate (HR) (9%), blood lactate concentration (5.1 versus 2.1 mmol·L−1), rating of perceived exertion (12%), and cycle rate (25%), while cycle length was lower (19%) (all P < 0.001). During the time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test, peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak), peak HR, and peak oxygen pulse were 8%, 2%, and 6% lower, respectively, for DP than DS, with a 29% shorter TTE during DP (pooled data, all P < 0.001). Conclusion In well-trained junior XC skiers, DP was found to exert a greater physiological load than DS during uphill XC roller-skiing at submaximal intensities. During the TTE test, both female and male athletes were able to ski for longer and reached markedly higher $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak values when using DS compared to DP.

The phosphodiesterases type 5 inhibitor tadalafil reduces the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in men during cycle ergometric exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (8) ◽  
pp. E972-E978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Di Luigi ◽  
Paolo Sgrò ◽  
Carlo Baldari ◽  
Maria Chiara Gallotta ◽  
Gian Pietro Emerenziani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors may influence human physiology, health, and performance by also modulating endocrine pathways. We evaluated the effects of a 2-day tadalafil administration on adenohypophyseal and adrenal hormone adaptation to exercise in humans. Fourteen healthy males were included in a double-blind crossover trial. Each volunteer randomly received two tablets of placebo or tadalafil (20 mg/day with a 36-h interval) before a maximal exercise was performed. After a 2-wk washout, the volunteers were crossed over. Blood samples were collected at −30 and −15 min and immediately before exercise, immediately after, and during recovery (+15, +30, +60, and +90 min) for adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), β-endorphin, growth hormone (GH), prolactin, cortisol (C), corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), and cortisol binding globulin (CBG) assays. C-to-CBG (free cortisol index, FCI) and DHEAS-to-C ratios were calculated. Exercise intensity, perceived exertion rate, O2 consumption, and CO2 and blood lactate concentration were evaluated. ACTH, GH, C, corticosterone, and CBG absolute concentrations and/or areas under the curve (AUC) increased after exercise after both placebo and tadalafil. Exercise increased DHEAS only after placebo. Compared with placebo, tadalafil administration reduced the ACTH, C, corticosterone, and FCI responses to exercise and was associated with higher β-endorphin AUC and DHEAS-to-C ratio during recovery, without influencing cardiorespiratory and performance parameters. Tadalafil reduced the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis during exercise by probably influencing the brain's nitric oxide- and cGMP-mediated pathways. Further studies are necessary to confirm our results and to identify the involved mechanisms, possible health risks, and potential clinical uses.

scholarly journals Complex Interplay Between Determinants of Pacing and Performance During 20-km Cycle Time Trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Renfree ◽  
Julia West ◽  
Mark Corbett ◽  
Clare Rhoden ◽  
Alan St Clair Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:This study examined the determinants of pacing strategy and performance during self-paced maximal exercise.Methods:Eight well-trained cyclists completed two 20-km time trials. Power output, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), positive and negative affect, and iEMG activity of the active musculature were recorded every 0.5 km, confidence in achieving preexercise goals was assessed every 5 km, and blood lactate and pH were measured postexercise. Differences in all parameters were assessed between fastest (FAST) and slowest (SLOW) trials performed.Results:Mean power output was significantly higher during the initial 90% of FAST, but not the final 10%, and blood lactate concentration was significantly higher and pH significantly lower following FAST. Mean iEMG activity was significantly higher throughout SLOW. Rating of perceived exertion was similar throughout both trials, but participants had significantly more positive affect and less negative affect throughout FAST. Participants grew less confident in their ability to achieve their goals throughout SLOW.Conclusions:The results suggest that affect may be the primary psychological regulator of pacing strategy and that higher levels of positivity and lower levels of negativity may have been associated with a more aggressive strategy during FAST. Although the exact mechanisms through which affect acts to influence performance are unclear, it may determine the degree of physiological disruption that can be tolerated, or be reflective of peripheral physiological status in relation to the still to be completed exercise task.

scholarly journals Effects of supplementation with creatine monohydrate and beta-alanine, alone or combined, on repeated sprint performance and physiological parameters in amateur team and racket sport players

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Anne Delextrat ◽  
Nese Targen ◽  
Georgina Impson-Davey ◽  
Daniel Kapsis ◽  
James Bateman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Creatine Monohydrate ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Racket Sport

The purpose of this study was to compare the combined effects of creatine monohydrate (Cr) and beta-alanine (BA) with their isolated use on performance and physiological parameters during repeated sprint sequences (RSS). Forty-four male (n=34) and female (n=10) amateur team- and racket sport players (25.1±3.1 years; 175.2±9.8 cm; 76.0±10.3 kg; 15.2±6.8% body fat) performed ten repetitions of 6-s sprints with departure every 30 s, before and after a 28-day supplementation period with either Cr (n=11, 5 g‧day-1), BA (n=10, 6 g‧day-1), combined Cr and BA (n=12, 5 g‧day-1 of Cr plus 6g‧day-1 of BA) or placebo (11 g‧day-1 of rice flour). Peak (PP) and mean power (MP), performance decrement (%Dec), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (LA) and perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the effects of groups (Cr, BA, CrBA, P), sprint number (1 to 10), and time (pre- vs. post-supplementation) on all variables. A significant increase in PP was shown in the post- compared to the pre-supplementation in Cr (+5.2%) and BA (+5.2%) groups only (p&lt;.05), and significant decreases in MP in all groups (3.7% to 6.4%, p&lt;.05), except BA. %Dec was significantly decreased post-supplementation in the Cr group only (17.4%, p&lt;.05). No effects were shown on HR, RPE and LA (p&lt;.05). These results show no additional benefits of the combination of Cr and BA on RSS performance and suggest that longer sprint or total exercise duration might be necessary to observe the benefits of the combined supplementation.

scholarly journals Influência do uso de palmares e nadadeiras no comportamento do lactato sanguíneo, da frequência cardíaca e do esforço percebido

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Cristiano Cardoso de Matos ◽  
Bruno Costa Teixeira ◽  
Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Intensity Control

One of the great challenges for swim coaches is proper control of the training intensity. This issue is more complex when using equipment such as paddles and fins. Among intensity control parameters, blood lactate concentration is the standard for monitoring metabolic responses, and heart rate and perceived effort are practical and inexpensive methods. The aim of this study was to compare blood lactate concentration ([LA]), heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in swimming training series without equipment and with paddles and fins. We evaluated 11 swimmers on three different days during sessions in a series of 12 repetitions of 50 m in front crawl. The first session was performed without equipment, maintaining perception exertion at 15 (15 points) of the 6-20 point Borg scale. In the second and third sessions, athletes should swim in the series with: (i) paddles and (ii) fins, at the same swimming speed of the series without equipment, in random order. [LA], HR and RPE at rest (after warm-up and before swimming series) and after the sixth and 12th repetitions were measured and compared. The mean speed for all series was 1.30 ± 0.13 m.s-1; fins and paddles presented lower final [LA] (respectively, 5.9 ± 0.3 and 8.1 ± 0.4 mmol.l-1) and HR values (respectively, 161.1 ± 15, 5 161.1 and 170.3 ± 13.3 170.3 bpm) in comparison to series without equipment (respectively, 10.8 ± 0.7 mmol.l-1 and 178.2 ± 4.3 bpm). Fins had lower final RPE values (12.5 ± 0.6 points) in relation to series without equipment (15.8 ± 0.2 points) and similar values in relation to swimming with paddles. Swimming series with equipment produced lower physiological demands in relation to swimming without equipment if performed at the same swimming speed as swimming without equipment. 

The effect of pre-test carbohydrate ingestion on the anaerobic threshold, as determined by the lactate-minimum test

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Rotstein ◽  
Raffy Dotan ◽  
Levana Zigel ◽  
Tally Greenberg ◽  
Yael Benyamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Glucose Determination ◽  
Lactate Minimum

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-test carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on anaerobic-threshold assessment using the lactate-minimum test (LMT). Fifteen competitive male distance runners capable of running 10 km in 33.5–43 min were used as subjects. LMT was performed following CHO (2 × 300 mL, 7% solution) or comparable placebo (Pl) ingestion, in a double-blind, randomized order. The LMT consisted of two high-intensity 1 min treadmill runs (17–21 km·h–1), followed by an 8 min recovery period. Subsequently, subjects performed 5 min running stages, incremented by 0.6 km·h–1 and separated by 1 min blood-sampling intervals. Tests were terminated after 3 consecutive increases in blood-lactate concentration ([La]) had been observed. Finger-tip capillary blood was sampled for [La] and blood-glucose determination 30 min before the test’s onset, during the recovery phase following the 2 high-intensity runs, and following each of the subsequent 5 min stages. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded after each stage. The lactate-minimum speed (LMS) was determined from the individual [La]–velocity plots and was considered reflective of the anaerobic threshold. Pre-test CHO ingestion had no effect on LMS (13.19 ± 1.12 km·h–1 vs. 13.17 ± 1.08 km·h–1 in CHO and Pl, respectively), nor on [La] and glucose concentration at that speed, or on HR and RPE responses. Pre-test CHO ingestion therefore does not affect LMS or the LMT-estimated anaerobic threshold.

The Effect of Compression Garments on Performance in Elite Winter Biathletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Tom Toolis ◽  
Kerry McGawley
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of wearing upper- and lower-body compression garments on cross-country skiing performance in elite winter biathletes. Methods: A total of 7 senior biathletes (4 men and 3 women) from the Swedish national team performed 2 exercise trials in a randomized and counterbalanced order, wearing either commercially available upper- and lower-body compression garments (COMP) or a standard winter-biathlon racing suit (CON). In each trial, the athletes roller-skied on a customized treadmill, completing a time trial simulating the skiing duration of a biathlon sprint race, followed by a time-to-exhaustion test designed to elicit exhaustion within ∼60 to 90 seconds. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort were monitored throughout each trial, while muscle soreness was measured up to 48 hours after each trial. Results: Pressure exerted by the clothing was significantly higher at all anatomical sites for COMP compared with CON (P ≤ .002). Wearing COMP led to small positive effects on time-trial (d = 0.31) and time-to-exhaustion test (d = 0.31) performances compared with CON, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). No significant differences were found for any physiological (heart rate or blood lactate concentration) or subjective (rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, thermal comfort, or muscle soreness) responses between COMP and CON (P > .05). Conclusion: Wearing COMP during maximal cross-country skiing may have small but worthwhile beneficial effects on performance for some individuals. Due to individual variation, athletes are advised to test COMP prior to competition.

scholarly journals Quantification of Training and Competition Loads in Endurance Sports: Methods and Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (s2) ◽  
pp. S2-9-S2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Mujika
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
And Performance

Training quantification is basic to evaluate an endurance athlete’s responses to training loads, ensure adequate stress/recovery balance, and determine the relationship between training and performance. Quantifying both external and internal workload is important, because external workload does not measure the biological stress imposed by the exercise sessions. Generally used quantification methods include retrospective questionnaires, diaries, direct observation, and physiological monitoring, often based on the measurement of oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration. Other methods in use in endurance sports include speed measurement and the measurement of power output, made possible by recent technological advances such as power meters in cycling and triathlon. Among subjective methods of quantification, rating of perceived exertion stands out because of its wide use. Concurrent assessments of the various quantification methods allow researchers and practitioners to evaluate stress/recovery balance, adjust individual training programs, and determine the relationships between external load, internal load, and athletes’ performance. This brief review summarizes the most relevant external- and internal-workload-quantification methods in endurance sports and provides practical examples of their implementation to adjust the training programs of elite athletes in accordance with their individualized stress/recovery balance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Sub‐Technique and Pole Length on Classic Roller Skiing Performance and Physiological Responses at Steep Uphill Inclination

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Per-Øyvind Torvik ◽  
Johan Persson ◽  
Roland van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract The aims of this study were to compare performance with physiological and perceptual responses on steep uphill inclines between double poling and diagonal stride and to investigate the effects of pole length when double poling. Eight male, competitive cross-country skiers (22 ± 1.1 yrs, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in the diagonal stride: 69.4 ± 5.5 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed four identical tests, one in the diagonal stride, and three in double poling with different pole lengths (self-selected, self-selected -5 cm and self-selected +10 cm). Each test was conducted at a fixed speed (10 km/h), with inclination rising by 1%, starting with 7%, each until voluntary exhaustion. VO2peak, the heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and the rating of perceived exertion were determined for each pole length in each test. The peak heart rate (p < 0.001) and VO2peak (p = 0.004) were significantly higher in the diagonal stride test compared with double poling with all pole lengths. Time to exhaustion (TTE) differed significantly between all four conditions (all p < 0.001), with the following order from the shortest to the longest TTE: short poles, normal poles and long poles in double poling, and the diagonal stride. Consequently, a significantly higher slope inclination was reached (p < 0.001) using the diagonal stride (17%) than for double poling with long poles (14%), normal (13%) and short (13%) poles. The current study showed better performance and higher VO2peak in the diagonal stride compared to double poling in steep uphill terrain, demonstrating the superiority of the diagonal stride for uphill skiing. However, in double poling, skiers achieved improved performance due to greater skiing efficiency when using long poles, compared to normal and short poles.

The Influence of Caffeine and Carbohydrate Coingestion on Simulated Soccer Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gant ◽  
Ajmol Ali ◽  
Andrew Foskett
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
And Performance

Carbohydrate and caffeine are known to independently improve certain aspects of athletic performance. However, less is understood about physiological and performance outcomes when these compounds are coingested in a rehydration and carbohydrate-replacement strategy. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of adding a moderate dose of caffeine to a carbohydrate solution during prolonged soccer activity. Fifteen male soccer players performed two 90-min intermittent shuttle-running trials. They ingested a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CON) providing a total of 1.8 g/kg body mass (BM) of carbohydrate or a similar solution with added caffeine (CAF; 3.7 mg/kg BM). Solutions were ingested 1 hr before exercise and every 15 min during the protocol. Soccer passing skill and countermovement-jump height (CMJ) were quantified before exercise and regularly during exercise. Sprinting performance, heart rate, blood lactate concentration (La) and the subjective experiences of participants were measured routinely. Mean 15-m sprint time was faster during CAF (p = .04); over the final 15 min of exercise mean sprint times were CAF 2.48 ± 0.15 s vs. CON 2.59 ± 0.2 s. Explosive leg power (CMJ) was improved during CAF (52.9 ± 5.8 vs. CON 51.7 ± 5.7 cm, p = .03). Heart rate was elevated throughout CAF, and ratings of pleasure were significantly enhanced. There were no significant differences in passing skill, rating of perceived exertion, La, or body-mass losses between trials. The addition of caffeine to the carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improved sprinting performance, countermovement jumping, and the subjective experiences of players. Caffeine appeared to offset the fatigue-induced decline in self-selected components of performance.

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