scholarly journals ICT: Didactic Strategy using Online Simulators for the Teaching Learning of the Law of Conservation of Matter and its Relationship to Chemical Reactions in Higher Middle Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Yvonne Rodriguez Barocio ◽  
Adolfo Eduardo Obaya Valdivia ◽  
Yolanda M. Vargas-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Teaching Learning

scholarly journals Online Simulators for the Teaching of the Law of Conservation of Matter and Chemical Reactions in High School

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Adolfo V. Obaya ◽  
◽  
Yvonne Rodríguez Barocio ◽  
Yolanda Marina Vargas Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
School Science ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Student Change ◽  
The Law ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Support Resource

It is imperative that a profound transformation be carried out in the traditional way in which we teach science subjects, so it is necessary that the role of student change from being a mere recipient of information to being the main player in the construction of his knowledge. One of the strategies to achieve this is to make use of ICT, within which are educational simulators, as a support resource to facilitate the teaching-learning processes taught in the classroom. The didactic strategy developed in this work was carried out with the PhET (https://phet.colorado.edu) simulator was used to improve the teaching of the Law of Conservation of the Matter and its relationship with chemical reactions. To evaluate the learning acquired by students, the Hake factor was determined. In terms of the implementation of this didactic strategy, students demonstrated greater recognition, understanding, and appropriation of the knowledge gained about the importance of this law in chemical reactions. This teaching strategy is useful for higher middle-level schools that do not have a school science lab.

scholarly journals THE KINETICS OF SENESCENCE

1924 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Brody
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Exponential Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Constant Percentage

The course of decline of vitality with age due to the process of senescence, when not complicated by the process of growth, follows a simple exponential law; that is the degree of vitality or of senescence (defining vitality as the reciprocal of senescence) at any moment is, regardless of age, a constant percentage of the degree of vitality or senescence of the preceding moment. This exponential law is the same as the law of monomolecular change in chemistry. During the actively growing period of life the index of vitality rises, due to the process of growth and the course of vitality in the case when the growing period is included in the vitality curve, follows a rising and falling course. This rising and falling course may often be represented by an equation containing two exponential terms which is practically the equation used to represent the course of accumulation and disappearance of a substance as the result of two simultaneous consecutive monomolecular chemical reactions.

scholarly journals Profil Kompetensi Guru Madrasah Diniyah

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djuhardi AS
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
National Development ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
Professional Teacher ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Law ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Education Field

The law number 14 of 2005 on the teacher and lecturer, mentions that teacher has function, role, and strategic position in national development in education field. professionalism of teacher is needed in effort to education quality improvement. professional teacher is a teacher who has professional competencies in its field. a teacher is stated to be competent if he/she is able to perform his/her teaching duty with high competencies so he/she is able to build any teaching-learning process efficiently, effectively, and cohesively.

scholarly journals India’s Law School Legal Aid Clinics: The Gaps Between Aspiration and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-65
Author(s):  
K Rajashree ◽  
Sonika Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Legal Education ◽  
Law School ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
The Us ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Teaching Learning

The law schools legal aid activities conducted through its clinics has come a long way in India especially since its inception in the early 1970’s. Its evolution has been gradual, intermittent and varied. Although The Bar Council of India (BCI) has mandated, establishing legal aid clinics as a pre-requisite for granting the necessary permissions before law schools start functioning, there are limited ideas of its purpose and objectives. An inherent lack of understanding its importance in terms of teaching, learning and research, the legal aid practices are largely left to the discretion of the individual law schools and interpretations of the individual faculty members. Combined with ideas heavily borrowed from the law schools in the US and individual experiences of the faculty members, legal aid practices in India are diversified. In the backdrop of this, the author intends to explore and map the aspiration of legal aid through an analysis of the key policy documents of legal education since India’s independence through an ontological framework. The ontology maps the aspirations of the legal aid clinics that was intended through these documents. Additionally, a case study of two important institutions have been taken as the case in point in order to verify whether the practices match such aspirations. Thereby, putting forth arguments that are critical for understanding the gaps between the aspiration and the state of reality. Key words: Legal aid Clinics, Law schools, Clinical, Legal education, Social justice

scholarly journals On the law and mechanism of monomolecular reaction

1926 ◽  
Vol 110 (755) ◽  
pp. 543-560 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Monomolecular Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Law

1. The object of the present paper is to work out an expression for the rate of monomolecular reaction on the basis of the idea that radiation is the cause of such reactions. The whole position of the radiation hypothesis of chemical reactivity up till now has been fully discussed by Harned. I only wish to draw attention to the fact, as pointed out by Langmuir, and Lewis and McKeown, that a great similarity exists between photo-electric emission of electrons and photo-chemical reaction. The true analogue of the thermo-chemical reaction should be sought, however, in the phenomenon of thermionic emission of electrons. It has long been shown experimentally by Richardson and others that the thermionic emission of electrons is vastly in excess of the total photo-electric emission at any temperature T. In the same way we should expect that the amount of thermo-chemical reaction in a system at a given temperature should be greater than the total photo-chemical reaction by black body radiation at the same temperature. Becker has shown that the distribution of velocities among the photo-electrons emitted from a metal by the action of black body radiation at a temperature T is similar to that found amongst the electrons emitted thermally from the hot metal at the same temperature T. It is thus natural to assume that the thermionic emission of electrons from a hot body is really due to the radiation in equilibrium with it. Richardson║ has recently given a very interesting discussion on the photo-electric theory of thermionic emission of electrons. Owing to the well-known difficulties the old view of the freely-moving electrons in a metal has, in recent years, been replaced by that of a lattice structure— a metal being considered to be constituted of interlaced lattices of ions and electrons. Such a view of metallic electrons precludes them from sharing in kinetic energy according to the equipartition law. It is rather more rational to imagine that the metallic electrons do exist in some modified quantum orbits, and are bound to the ions by a certain potential energy. If this view of the electronic structure in metals be accepted, then we have to look to radiation as the only controlling factor in the emission of electrons from hot bodies. The writer has tried to show that the law of thermionic emission derived on the basis of radiative mechanism is in good agreement with experiment. Lewis and McKeown have pointed out that “the concept of matter and radiation being at one and the same temperature means that as a result of absorption and emission, the system as a whole maintains a certain distribution of energy among all frequencies.” If by some process a set of frequencies are removed the system tends to make good the loss by a corresponding reverse process, provided the velocity of the process be not too large to make it physically impossible to keep the system at a fixed temperature by means of a thermostat. In my view the resemblance of photo-electric emission and photo-chemical reaction with thermionic emission and thermo-chemical reaction respectively arises from both kinds of processes being due to radiation. But the distinction lies in the fact that one is due to the action of high temperature radiation on a cold system, while the other is brought about by the action of radiation in temperature equilibrium with the system itself. 2. The Range of Frequencies of Radiation capable of bringing about a Chemical Reaction . Up till now it has been usually assumed that a single frequency, or rather a narrow range of frequencies, is capable of bringing about a chemical change. But experiments have shown that photo-chemical reactions are produced by the action of light of a wide range of frequencies. The simplest of all chemical reactions is the breaking up of atoms into ions and electrons, and it is widely known that the photo-electric action in various elements, both in solid and vapour phase, are brought about by all frequencies of radiation above a certain limiting frequency. The familiar reaction of practical photography is also known to be produced by light of a great variety of wave-lengths. It is, therefore, evident that a more complete theory of chemical reactivity should involve a summation of a number of frequencies, or, what is more plausible, an integration over a whole range of frequencies above a certain limiting value.

scholarly journals Data-driven discovery of multiscale chemical reactions governed by the law of mass action

2022 ◽  
Vol 448 ◽  
pp. 110743
Author(s):  
Juntao Huang ◽  
Yizhou Zhou ◽  
Wen-An Yong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Law Of Mass Action ◽  
The Law

scholarly journals Mass Action and Conservation of Current

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Additional Constraint ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Variational Model ◽  
Charge Movement ◽  
Law Of Mass Action ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
The Law ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
Consistent Treatment

Abstract The law of mass action does not force a series of chemical reactions to have the same current flow everywhere. Interruption of far-away current does not stop current everywhere in a series of chemical reactions (analyzed according to the law of mass action), and so does not obey Maxwell’s equations. An additional constraint and equation is needed to enforce global continuity of current. The additional constraint is introduced in this paper in the special case that the chemical reaction describes spatial movement through narrow channels. In that case, a fully consistent treatment is possible using different models of charge movement. The general case must be dealt with by variational methods that enforce consistency of all the physical laws involved. Violations of current continuity arise away from equilibrium, when current flows, and the law of mass action is applied to a non-equilibrium situation, different from the systems considered when the law was originally derived. Device design in the chemical world is difficult because simple laws are not obeyed in that way. Rate constants of the law of mass action are found experimentally to change from one set of conditions to another. The law of mass action is not robust in most cases and cannot serve the same role that circuit models do in our electrical technology. Robust models and device designs in the chemical world will not be possible until continuity of current is embedded in a generalization of the law of mass action using a consistent variational model of energy and dissipation.

scholarly journals Physiological Mechanism of Genetic Law of Quantitative Characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Huai Tang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
Conservation Of Mass ◽  
Reasonable Explanation ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
The Law ◽  
Genetic Law

Regarding the genetic laws of quantitative characters, In 1908, Nilsson-EhleH．a Swedish geneticist, put forward the polygene hypothesis, and it makes a reasonable explanation for the genetic law of quantitative characters on the perspective of cytology. By using the law of conservation of mass and Le Châtelier’s Principle, and proposed a point of view of a cyclical equilibrium system of chemical reactions to analyze and reason the physiological mechanism of genetic law of quantitative characters.

Review Lecture - Instabilities and oscillations in chemical reactions in closed and open systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 415 (1848) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Homogeneous Systems ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
The Law ◽  
Physical Principles

This lecture is chiefly concerned with isothermal oscillations in homogeneous systems, and with finding and validating self-consistent models. Emphasis is laid on satisfying basic physical principles and on preserving chemical reasonableness in as simple a manner as possible. The goal is to devise a scheme that can be applied to a wide variety of circumstances to predict new behaviour as well as to interpret what is known, and to form a foundation for later developments and elaborations. This core of the scheme, called the autocatalator, combines an autocatalytic step A + 2B → 3B, rate = k 1 ab 2 , with catalyst decay B → C, rate = k 2 b . These core reactions may display reversibility and they may be accompanied by uncatalysed conversion A → B, rate = k u a . Particular stress is given to the problem of closed systems. In closed systems, oscillations cannot be indefinitely sustained. In former days it was customary to ignore this inconvenience (and to repeal the law of conservation of matter); today a less unsatisfactory account is possible.

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