scholarly journals Sinergitas Pembangunan Tata Ruang Pertahanan Daerah dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Non-Militer di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Alfajri Alfajri ◽  
Azhari Setiawan ◽  
Herry Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Human Development Index ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Development ◽  
Local Context ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
Real Community ◽  
Multi Level

This article aims to understand and explain the local context of state’s defense toward non-military threats in Indonesia. As the broading and deepening development of security significance, non-traditional security agenda urges multi-levels and multi-sectors synergy especially in the local government because the nature of non-military threats in Indonesia developed at the local level. First, authors review numbers of literatures about non-traditional security, non-military threats and the securitization theory. Second, the article elaborates the strategic environment—global, regional, and national—and threats perception from the perspective of Indonesia’s defense posture. After that, the article explains securitization aspects of multi-level and multi-sectors synergy on facing the non-military threats at the local level. The result of this research is the synergy of national development, regional development and national defense development needs to be synchronized with the support of clear regulations, considering the available resources to achieve real community welfare, both in terms of income, employment opportunities, business opportunities, access to policy making, competitiveness, and an increase in the human development index. The strategic relations between stakeholders in the synergy of national defense development is essential to achieve formidable defense. Policy socialization between vertical agencies of ministries/institutions and regional governments needs to be optimized and intensified so that there will be a common perception in the management and implementation of national defense development on dealing with non-military threats.

scholarly journals Migration-Led Institutional Change in Urban Development and Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Robert Barbarino ◽  
Charlotte Räuchle ◽  
Wolfgang Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
And Migration

The migration-city-nexus has become central in migration and urban studies alike. This ‘local turn’ has not only initiated a rethinking of the local level as an independent level of migration policy-making but also broadened the discourse on how migration processes actually change cities. Therefore, the thematic issue at hand seeks to understand how migration-led development processes in cities promote and shape institutional change, and which actors transform policies, structures, and discourses on migration in different settings. It questions how migration-related issues in urban development are being handled and transformed by local state and civil society actors. With 11 empirical articles on local negotiations of migration in urban development in different settings, this thematic issue applies an institutional change perspective on local migration policy-making to contribute to a broader understanding of migration-led development in both urban and migration studies. When it comes to clearly capturing migration-led institutional change in urban development and planning, the contributions demonstrate great heterogeneity. They reveal that research on migration-led institutional change still has many biases and is very dependent on theoretical perspectives, positionalities of researchers, and the local context of the case studies.

All Politics Is Local? County Sheriffs and Localized Policies of Immigration Enforcement

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Farris ◽  
Mirya R. Holman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Policy Environments

Immigration enforcement and policy making has increasingly devolved to the local level in the United States. American sheriffs present a unique opportunity to evaluate decisions made about immigration policies in the local context. In dealing with immigration concerns in their counties, sheriffs act both within the confines of federal and state mandates and as local policymakers. However, little research comprehensively assesses the role sheriffs play in immigration policy making. Using data from an original, national survey of more than five hundred elected sheriffs in the United States, we provide a broad account of sheriffs’ roles in immigration enforcement and policy making. Our research demonstrates that sheriffs’ ideology and personal characteristics shape their personal attitudes about immigrants. In turn, these attitudes play a key role in influencing local enforcement decisions. Sheriffs’ immigration attitudes relate strongest to checks of the immigration status of witnesses and victims and those stopped for traffic violations or arrested for non-violent crimes. Our results demonstrate the important role of the sheriff in understanding local variation in immigration policy and the connection between the personal preferences of representatives and policy making that can emerge across policy environments and levels of government.

scholarly journals Effects of transition on HIV and non-HIV services and health systems in Kenya: a mixed methods evaluation of donor transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela C. Rodríguez ◽  
Diwakar Mohan ◽  
Caroline Mackenzie ◽  
Jess Wilhelm ◽  
Ezinne Eze-Ajoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Mixed Methods Evaluation ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background In 2015 the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) initiated its Geographic Prioritization (GP) process whereby it prioritized high burden areas within countries, with the goal of more rapidly achieving the UNAIDS 90–90-90 targets. In Kenya, PEPFAR designated over 400 health facilities in Northeastern Kenya to be transitioned to government support (known as central support (CS)). Methods We conducted a mixed methods evaluation exploring the effect of GP on health systems, and HIV and non-HIV service delivery in CS facilities. Quantitative data from a facility survey and health service delivery data were gathered and combined with data from two rounds of interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted at national and sub-national level to document the design and implementation of GP. The survey included 230 health facilities across 10 counties, and 59 interviews and 22 FGDs were conducted with government officials, health facility providers, patients, and civil society. Results We found that PEPFAR moved quickly from announcing the GP to implementation. Despite extensive conversations between the US government and the Government of Kenya, there was little consultation with sub-national actors even though the country had recently undergone a major devolution process. Survey and qualitative data identified a number of effects from GP, including discontinuation of certain services, declines in quality and access to HIV care, loss of training and financial incentives for health workers, and disruption of laboratory testing. Despite these reports, service coverage had not been greatly affected; however, clinician strikes in the post-transition period were potential confounders. Conclusions This study found similar effects to earlier research on transition and provides additional insights about internal country transitions, particularly in decentralized contexts. Aside from a need for longer planning periods and better communication and coordination, we raise concerns about transitions driven by epidemiological criteria without adaptation to the local context and their implication for priority-setting and HIV investments at the local level.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Deliberative Democratic Initiatives at the Local Level: A Framework for Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ank Michels ◽  
Harmen Binnema
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
The Impact

Although deliberative reforms have been proposed to strengthen democracy, little is known about their impact on politics, public policies, and society. This article develops a framework to systematically assess this impact, differentiating between direct and indirect forms of impact. We apply this framework to two cases of deliberative citizens’ summits in the Netherlands. Our analysis reveals that these summits have a limited direct impact on local politics and policy making, but a relatively strong indirect impact on the local community. The article also discusses some conditions that mediate the impact of the forum.

scholarly journals Inclusive Universities in a Globalized World

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Liudvika Leišytė ◽  
Rosemary Deem ◽  
Charikleia Tzanakou
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Theoretical Thinking ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Country Specific

This thematic issue of Social Inclusion focuses on universities as inclusive organisations in a variety of different countries and higher education (HE) systems. It explores how these institutions aim, succeed or fail to become inclusive organisations, what policies and processes help achieve these goals and how academics and students can become agents of change through inclusive teaching and research cultures. The contributions in this thematic issue point to the multi‐level as well as multi‐faceted challenges and characteristics of inclusion in HE in general and in universities in particular, based on both student and academic points of view. They offer innovative conceptual ways of thinking as well as measuring inclusion. Further, they point out the importance of context in understanding the challenges of achieving equality and inclusion in universities through country‐specific as well as cross‐country comparisons of various aspects of diversity and inclusivity. We hope this thematic issue will inspire theoretical thinking, support practitioners and encourage policy‐making about more responsible ways of defining and fostering inclusive universities in a globalised world.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Keluhan Kesehatan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Di Provinsi Jawa Timur

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Nur Isnaeni Novitasari ◽  
Suharno Suharno ◽  
Arintoko Arintoko
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
National Development ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Improve Health

The Investments in human capital are the same with improving the quality of human development. The success of national development can be seen from the health aspect in the form of measurement indicator of the Human Development Index. This research analyzes the effect of health complaints, unemployment, poverty and government expenditure on the Human Development Index in East Java Province 2015-2018. This research method uses multiple linear regression with a panel data approach. The results showed that health complaints, unemployment and poverty have a negative and significant effect on the Human Development Index in East Java Province. Meanwhile, government expenditure has a positive and significant effect on the Human Development Index in East Java Province. These findings imply 1) the necessity to improve health infrastructure and government expenditure especially in the health sector, 2) the necessity to increase employment opportunities for reducing poverty and unemployment.

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