scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI RESISTENSI Staphylococcus aureus TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK (CHLORAMPHENICOL DAN CEFOTAXIME SODIUM) DARI PUS INFEKSI PIOGENIK DI PUSKESMAS PROPPO

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Ratno Budi Yanto ◽  
Novrinda Eko Satriawan ◽  
Asdwi Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar

Pemberian antibiotik pada pasien yang mengalami infeksi piogenik pada kulit di puskesmas proppo belum berdasarkan pada pola kuman dan sensitifitas antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, isolasi serta uji sensitifitas bakteri terhadap beberapa antibiotik sehingga dapat diketahui jenis antibiotik yang paling paten untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil pengamatan pada isolat pus menunjukkan adanya Staphylococcus aureus dengan ciri kesesuaian. Agar diperoleh bakteri murni dengan jumlah maksimum maka dilakukan isolasi. Telah berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi ke-4 isolat pus yang tumbuh dan memfermentasi pada plat mannitol salt agar, sel berbentuk bulat bergerombol dan bersifat gram positif baik melalui pewarnaan maupun uji secara biokimia. Hasil uji terhadap Chloramphenicol memiliki nilai rata-rata daya hambat 24.0 mm dengan persentase penggunaan mencapai 75.0 %, sedangkan untuk Cefotaxime sodium memiliki nilai rata-rata zona hambat 10.9 mm dengan persentase penggunaan mencapai 25.0 %. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ke-4 isolat tersebut kesemuanya diidentifikasi sebagai Staphylococcus aureus dengan zona hambat masing-masing isolat sebesar 23.5 mm, 24.2 mm, 24.0 mm dan 24.3 mm yang menunjukkan sensitif terhadap Chloramphenicol sedangkan zona hambat terhadap Cefotaxime sodium masing-masing isolat adalah 5 mm, 10.5 mm, 14.5 mm dan 13,5 mm yang menunjukkan resisten terhadap penggunaan antibiotik tersebut.

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Medical Students of Universiti Teknologi MARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaini Mohd Zain ◽  
Muhammad Fikri Johari ◽  
Nurul Shahirah Mohd Husin ◽  
Nurul Syamimi Rozman ◽  
Athirah Ab Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and detection of S. aureus leukotoxins among medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA. Methods: Both sides of the anterior nares of 136 volunteers, comprising 68 preclinical and 68 clinical medical students, were swabbed and immediately cultured onto mannitol salt agar for growth of S. aureus. Standard microbiological techniques were conducted to identify and confirm the S. aureus colonies and susceptibility test against oxacillin were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method to determine their resistance to methicillin. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of leukotoxins, i.e., Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and -haemolysin genes. Results: Nineteen students (14%) consisting of 10 preclinical (14.7%) and 9 clinical (13.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. However, none of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. No PVL gene was detected but eight of them were positive for -haemolysin gene. Conclusion: There were no MRSA nasal carriers among the medical students, but a low prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers was detected. These carriers do not pose as high risk because none of the strains of S. aureus possess both the -haemolysin toxin and the PVL toxin that are associated with tissue necrosis.

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Products and Anterior Nares of Dairy Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Ranjana K.C. ◽  
Ganga Timilsina ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Supriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Dairy Workers

Objectives: To isolate methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy products and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods: Swab samples collected from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy product (butter) were inoculated into mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Identification was done based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining, catalase, oxidase and coagulase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was confirmed by using cefoxitin disc. Results: A total of 109 S. aureus (98 from dairy workers and 11 from butter samples) were isolated. Out of them 32 MRSA were isolated from dairy workers and 4 from butter samples. The association between age group and MRSA was found insignificant (p = 0.115). The association of MRSA between male and female workers was found significant (>0.05). About 86% of the MRSA isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin (86.11%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (77.78%). Conclusion: Detection of MRSA among dairy workers and dairy products warrants proper handling and adequate control measures to prevent transmission of MRSA from dairy industry.

scholarly journals Case Study: Misdiagnosis of Nonhemolytic Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Cases of Bovine Mastitis as Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Valerie E. Ryman ◽  
Felicia M. Kautz ◽  
Steve C. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most concerning mastitis-causing pathogens in dairy cattle. Using basic microbiological techniques, S. aureus is typically identified by colony characteristics and hemolysis on blood agar where isolates without hemolysis are typically considered to be coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates. Herein, we present a decade-long case study where suspected S. aureus isolates from one Georgia dairy farm were further tested to confirm presumptive identification. Presumptive identification of bacterial growth from 222 mammary secretions from bred Holstein heifers and lactating cows was conducted at the time of collection. Presumptive identification of S. aureus on blood agar was based on observation of colony morphology, color, and presence or absence of a broad zone of incomplete hemolysis and a smaller zone of complete hemolysis at 48 h. Those without hemolysis were presumptively characterized as CNS. All isolates were further plated on mannitol salt agar and a coagulase test was performed. A positive for both of these tests together was deemed to be S. aureus. A selection of isolates was tested using API® Staph to biochemically confirm S. aureus identification. Data showed that 63.96% of isolates presumed to be CNS isolates were identified as S. aureus, 9.46% of isolates presumed to be CNS isolates were identified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) species (but not S. aureus), and 26.58% of samples that were presumed to be CNS isolates were identified correctly.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Paper Currency Notes

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Rikhi Ram Marasini ◽  
Pratikshya Shrestha ◽  
Prabhat Dhakal ◽  
Sukra Raj Shrestha ◽  
Sirjana Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Hygiene Measures

The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in paper currency. The paper currencies in circulation in Pokhara Metropolitan City were inspected. Bills of various denominations (Rs 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000) were collected from five different locations; namely Food and Vegetable Shop, Bus conductor, Hospital Pharmacy, Butcher Shop and Grocery Shop. Collected sample were cultured and incubated for 24 hours at 37 oC in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth. The inoculums were further cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Blood Agar (BA) media to obtain colonies, which were examined and evaluated for various parameters like gram staining and biochemical tests for identification. Then, antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates was performed using standard procedures. A total of 35 sample of paper currency were processed, all of which showed positive growth. Out of 86 total isolates, 21 (24.42%) were Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 19 (22.09%), Diptheroids 14 (16.3%), Bacillus spp 13 (15.11%), Micrococci 9 (10.46%), Streptococcus pneumonia 4 (4.65%), Viridans Streptococcus 4 (4.65%) and Streptococcus pyogenes 2 (2.32%). The total prevalence of MRSA in this study was 7 (33.33%). Paper currency contaminated with MRSA poses a high threat to those handling the bills as well as the community. Thus, this study suggests proper hygiene measures to be adopted after handling of paper currency to minimize the risk of contamination and emergence of diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mannitol Salt Agar for Detection of Oxacillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Disk Diffusion and Agar Screening

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2254-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Kampf ◽  
Christoph Lecke ◽  
Ann-Katrin Cimbal ◽  
Klaus Weist ◽  
Henning Rüden
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance

Mannitol salt agar was evaluated for detection of oxacillin resistance in 136 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. AllmecA-positive isolates (n = 54) were correctly categorized as oxacillin resistant by the disk diffusion test (1-μg disk; zone diameter, <16 mm); the specificity was 97.6%. Agar screening (2 μg of oxacillin per ml) revealed a sensitivity of 98.1% and a specificity of 95.1%.

Population Levels, Species, and Characteristics of Micrococcaceae during the Manufacturing and Ripening of Armada-Sobado Hard Goat's Milk Cheese

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1200-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA E. TORNADIJO ◽  
JOSÉ M. FRESNO ◽  
JAVIER CARBALLO ◽  
ROBERTO MARTÍN SARMIENTO
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Goat's Milk

The changes in the counts and the species of Micrococcaceae were studied throughout the manufacturing and ripening of a Spanish hard goat's milk cheese, the Armada-Sobado variety. In the milk, counts on mannitol salt agar (MSA) ranged from 2 × 104 to 5 × 104 CFU/g. These counts showed the maximum value in the curd (7 × 104 to 4 × 105 CFU/g), decreasing afterwards slowly but steadily throughout the ripening process to reach final counts on average 2 logarithmic units lower than those found in the curd. Of 280 isolates obtained from MSA during manufacturing and ripening, 66 (24%) were considered to be Micrococcaceae. Staphylococcus sciuri (22.5% of the isolates at this sampling point) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (7.5%) were the only two species of staphylococci isolated from the milk. In the curd, S. sciuri increased its proportion (30%) whilst the percentage of S. saprophyticus remained constant. None of these species was isolated from the cheese. S. aureus was detected only in curd (7.5% of the isolates obtained at this sampling point). S. xylosus, S. capitis, S. epidermidis, and S. warneri were isolated from curd and cheese, or exclusively from cheese, but always in very low proportions. Micrococcus varians (10%) and M. roseus (5%) were the two species of micrococci isolated from the milk. M. varians increased its proportion in curd (17.5%) and could not be isolated in cheese. M. roseus appeared neither in curd nor in cheese. All the isolated staphylococcal strains were tested for production of A, B, C, and D enterotoxins. The three isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus produced A and C enterotoxins, but neither B or D. Of 41 coagulase-negative strains only two of the Staphylococcus sciuri isolated from milk produced C enterotoxins.

scholarly journals Identification of Staphylococcus aureus: DNase and Mannitol salt agar improve the efficiency of the tube coagulase test

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P Kateete ◽  
Cyrus N Kimani ◽  
Fred A Katabazi ◽  
Alfred Okeng ◽  
Moses S Okee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar

scholarly journals Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Factors from Surgical Ward Inpatients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samrawit Tefera Demsie ◽  
Tewachew Awoke ◽  
Daniel Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Surgical Ward ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Debre Markos

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading wound infections. It is considered as a super bug. The epidemiology of Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin Resistant S. aureus (VRSA) is not well studied in Ethiopia particularly in Debre Markos Referral Hospital (DMRH). The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA and VRSA and associated factors from wound cases admitted to surgical ward in DMRH, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February-April 2020 at DMRH. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical characteristics. Wound swabs were collected using sterile cotton swab followed by culturing on Blood agar and Mannitol Salt agar. Then isolates were characterized by gram stain and biochemical tests. The presence of MRSA and VRSA was determined using the cefoxitin (30μg) antibiotic disc diffusion and vancomycin E-test, respectively. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20 software. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 242 wound cases were enrolled and a majority of them were males (172, 71.1%). Among the total wound cases, the isolation rate of S. aureus was 29.3%. The proportion of MRSA was 13.22% and that of VRSA was 4.1%. The proportion of vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) was gauged at 4.5%. Hospital stay >72h (p=0.014), wound depth (p=0.043), antibiotic use (p=0.017) and previous history of wound infection (p=0.001) showed statistical significant association with MRSA. No variables showed significant association with VRSA.Conclusion: High proportions of S. aureus isolates are resistant to methicillin and vancomycin. Moreover, multiple variables demonstrated associations with drug resistance. Hence, hospital infection control and antibiotic stewardship program shall be strengthened.

scholarly journals Effect of lemon on saliva and Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Natasya Angelyna Batubara ◽  
Yumi Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Salivary Ph

Introduction: Lemon juice contains citric acid. It is a highly antibacterial organic acid by gargling with, will be able to decrease the spreading of Staphylococcus aureus colony in saliva. The acid stimulation of lemon juice able to increase salivary secretion. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of gargling lemon juice of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% concentrations towards the salivary flow rate, salivary pH, the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, and also, correlation between salivary flow rate and pH, salivary flow rate and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, and salivary pH and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony. Methods: This research conducted with a pre-and-post-test group design. Saliva was taken from 24 subjects before and after the subjects gargled with lemon juice. Measurements performed were salivary flow rate per minute, and salivary pH (using pH Hanna Instrument). The Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were placed in a Mannitol Salt Agar for 24 hours at 370C temperature, then the number of the colonies were counted (x103 CFU). Results: The Wilcoxon test results showed that lemon juice with 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% concentrations significantly increased the salivary flow rate and decreased the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony (p < 0.05). The result of the paired t-test showed that lemon juice with 25% and 12.5% concentration decreased the salivary pH significantly (p<0,05). The Pearson’s correlation results showed no significant correlation between salivary flow rate and salivary pH, flow rate and the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, and salivary pH and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony. Conclusion: Lemon juice can decrease the salivary pH and the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, but increases the salivary flow rate. It is considered to be good enough as one of the ingredients of mouthwash.Keywords: Flow rate, lemon, pH, saliva, Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from dogs, pigs and their handlers in Zaria and Kaduna, Metropolis, Kaduna State

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-16
Author(s):  
Oyeronke Olamide Okeniyi ◽  
Josiah Onaolapo ◽  
Rebecca Olajumoke Bolaji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Anterior Nare ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Animal Agriculture

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a critically important human pathogen that is also an emerging concern in veterinary medicine and animal agriculture. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from dogs, pigs, and their handlers in Zaria and Kaduna, Metropolis, Kaduna State. Methods: A total of three (300) samples were obtained from the Skin, anus, and anterior nare of pigs, dogs, and hand swabs of their handlers in three (3) Communities; Buwaya, Gonin-Gora, Maraban Rido, all in Kaduna and Samaru, Zaria in Kaduna state. S. aureus was isolated and characterized using standard microbiological protocols. Results: The results revealed that one Hundred and Sixty-five (165) of the samples isolated were Staphylococcus after the samples were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Ninety-five (95) were confirmed to be Staphylococcus species after the Coagulase test was carried out. Further identification of the Ninety-five (95) isolates using the Microgen Staph-ID kit results revealed that 46(48.4%) of the isolates were S. aureus, 49 (51.5%) other species of Staphylococcus that were coagulase-positive but not S. aureus, like S. Intermedius 6(6.3 %,) S. hyicus 4(4.2%). The coagulase-negative isolates consists of S.xylosus 27 (28.4%), S.chromogenes 8 (8.4 %), S. hominis 4(4.2%). Conclusion: the results of the present study calls for public health concern because of the health risk associated with colonization of individuals with Staphylococcus aureus.

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