scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN UDARA PEMBAKARAN UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PROSES PEMBAKARAN BOILER PT. PLN (PERSERO) SEKTOR PEMBANGKITAN ASAM ASAM UNIT 3 & UNIT 4

INFO-TEKNIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Akhmad Syarief ◽  
Yudistira Bayu Setiambodo ◽  
Muhammad Nizar Ramadhan ◽  
A'yan Sabitah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Actual Amount ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Ideal

The performance of a power plant unit is strongly influenced by various aspects, one of which is very determined by how the combustion process occurs in the combustion chamber, because it can affect the efficiency of the power plant itself, especially in the efficiency aspects of the boiler combustion process. To find out the efficient operation of the boiler, the operator as the holder of the power plant must understand what the combustion process is like in it. Good combustion will always require the right combination of fuel and air (oxygen). From the results of the research that has been done, it can be seen that if the actual amount of air flow needed for the combustion process is closer to the ideal air flow value it will indirectly increase the combustion efficiency value of the boiler.

scholarly journals Combustion Optimization for Coal Fired Power Plant Boilers Based on Improved Distributed ELM and Distributed PSO

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinying Xu ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Mifeng Ren ◽  
Lan Cheng ◽  
Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Coupling Characteristics ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Combustion Optimization

Increasing the combustion efficiency of power plant boilers and reducing pollutant emissions are important for energy conservation and environmental protection. The power plant boiler combustion process is a complex multi-input/multi-output system, with a high degree of nonlinearity and strong coupling characteristics. It is necessary to optimize the boiler combustion model by means of artificial intelligence methods. However, the traditional intelligent algorithms cannot deal effectively with the massive and high dimensional power station data. In this paper, a distributed combustion optimization method for boilers is proposed. The MapReduce programming framework is used to parallelize the proposed algorithm model and improve its ability to deal with big data. An improved distributed extreme learning machine is used to establish the combustion system model aiming at boiler combustion efficiency and NOx emission. The distributed particle swarm optimization algorithm based on MapReduce is used to optimize the input parameters of boiler combustion model, and weighted coefficient method is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem (boiler combustion efficiency and NOx emissions). According to the experimental analysis, the results show that the method can optimize the boiler combustion efficiency and NOx emissions by combining different weight coefficients as needed.

scholarly journals Combustion Thermodynamics of Ethanol, n-Heptane, and n-Butanol in a Rapid Compression Machine with a Dual Direct Injection (DDI) Supply System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2729
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Pielecha ◽  
Sławomir Wierzbicki ◽  
Maciej Sidorowicz ◽  
Dariusz Pietras
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Rapid Compression Machine ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Rapid Compression

The development of internal combustion engines involves various new solutions, one of which is the use of dual-fuel systems. The diversity of technological solutions being developed determines the efficiency of such systems, as well as the possibility of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and exhaust components into the atmosphere. An innovative double direct injection system was used as a method for forming a mixture in the combustion chamber. The tests were carried out with the use of gasoline, ethanol, n-heptane, and n-butanol during combustion in a model test engine—the rapid compression machine (RCM). The analyzed combustion process indicators included the cylinder pressure, pressure increase rate, heat release rate, and heat release value. Optical tests of the combustion process made it possible to analyze the flame development in the observed area of the combustion chamber. The conducted research and analyses resulted in the observation that it is possible to control the excess air ratio in the direct vicinity of the spark plug just before ignition. Such possibilities occur as a result of the properties of the injected fuels, which include different amounts of air required for their stoichiometric combustion. The studies of the combustion process have shown that the combustible mixtures consisting of gasoline with another fuel are characterized by greater combustion efficiency than the mixtures composed of only a single fuel type, and that the influence of the type of fuel used is significant for the combustion process and its indicator values.

A Hybrid Technique for the Performance Optimization in the Combustion Process of a Power Plant Boiler: An Efficient ANNSSA Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Narendra Kumar ◽  
Ch. Chengaiah ◽  
P. Rajesh ◽  
Francis H. Shajin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Power Plant Boiler ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Plant Boiler

In this paper presents a hybrid method for optimization process of combustion in power plant boiler. ANSSA scheme will be joint implementation of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as well as Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSA) known ANNSSA. Here, ANN training process will be enhanced by using the SSA calculating. The optimization of economic parameters reduces excess air level and performs combustion efficiency at boiler system. Due to the operation of service boiler, oxygen content of flue gases is one of the significant factors which influence the efficiency of boiler, and influence each other to other thermal parameters of economic like temperature of flue gases combustion, unburned carbon at fly ash slag and consumption of coal power supply. The combustion performance denotes a saving at operating costs of boiler. ANNSSA method evolved for process of combustion to enhance the implementation and efficiency of the power plant boiler. At that time, ANNSSA technique is implemented at MATLAB/Simulink work platform as well as implementation is evaluated using existing techniques.

The Effect of Fuel Types and Admission Method Upon Combustion Efficiency

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-426
Author(s):  
H. N. McManus ◽  
W. E. Ibele ◽  
T. E. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Chamber Length ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Improved Performance

A series of tests to determine the effect of combustion-chamber length for three different types of fuel admission (gaseous, spray, and vaporized) upon combustion efficiency was performed in identical combustor geometries and with similar air-flow patterns. The effects of fuel-air ratio and full-section velocity were examined for individual methods of admission. The effect of fuel volatility also was examined. It was found that the vaporized fuel type of admission was superior in efficiency to the spray-fuel admission in all comparable cases. Increased fuel volatility improved performance in the case of the vaporizer but did not affect the performance of the spray nozzle. The performance of vaporising tubes was found to vary inversely with size. An optimum size was exhibited.

Experience of Low-Emission Combustion of Aviation and Bio Fuels in Individual Flames After Front Mini-Modules of a Combustion Chamber

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vasilyev ◽  
V. Zakharov ◽  
V. Lyashenko ◽  
R. Medvedev ◽  
O. Chelebyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Flame Tube ◽  
Nitric Oxide Emission ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Emission Index

In the world economy more and more attention is paid to the environment protection. This has brought a requirement for reduction of harmful substances emission from the gas turbine engine combustors to the foreground scene. Several concepts of low-emission combustion of liquid fuels have been suggested to solve the problem of nitric oxide emission reduction. The authors consider combustion of lean homogenized (quick-mixed) fuel-air mixtures to be the most promising concept for a multi-mode combustion chamber. Based on the accumulated experience, the authors have formed some notion with respect to design peculiarities of low-emission combustors. Based on such general notions, an attempt has been made to create a model combustion chamber for decreasing harmful substances emission. A design for compact mixing modules has been worked out, as well as for a perforated flame tube. 3D computations have been carried out for the flow in the combustor compartment with 3 mini-modules, so to compare design and experimental data. In calculations the air entered the flame tube through a channel with a rectangular cross-section and, further, through swirlers of three burners (60% of air flow). Besides, the air came into the gap between the flame tube and casing through two side channels and, further, it got inside the flame tube through cooling system holes (40% of air flow). In parallel, tests have been carried out in similar combustor compartment, using standard fuels, measuring harmful substances emission at gas temperature (T4) up to 1700 K. Data obtained testifies to essential reduction of nitric oxides in the experimental combustor being considered. Emission index NOx does not exceed value of 1 g/kg f in all the conditions investigated. Fuel efficiency is ≥ 99% for all the measurement regimes, except one, where it is 98%. Additionally, tests have been conducted, using bio fuel obtained from plant raw material. Research results have revealed problems of changeover to such type of fuel mixtures. Comparing test data with 3D simulation results, it can be noted that there, where computed value of the fuel combustion efficiency coincides with the measured one, NOx value also coincides. However, the emission index value is higher there, where the fuel combustion efficiency value obtained in computation is higher, i.e. where there are zones with higher temperature. The experimental results obtained have confirmed possibility of organizing low-emission combustion, as well as possibility of achieving the nitric oxide emission index level equal to 1 g/kg f at the combustor inlet temperature of 682K. It is evident that more detailed design study is required for transfer of the experimental technology to the working compartment of the combustion chamber. The achieved level of harmful substances emission, after improvement and implementation of technology, may allow meeting the strictest ICAO requirements and reducing the airport fees significantly.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL BURNERS TESTING AND COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 03
Author(s):  
J. Pimenta ◽  
L.C. De Lima ◽  
J.B.F. Duarte ◽  
R. M. Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Energy Balance Approach

This paper describes experimental procedures and techniques adopted for combustion analysis during the testing of burners for industrial applications. The tests were carried out in the Combustion Technology Laboratory (NTC) of the University of Fortaleza. The NTC facilities are composed basically of experimental testing hall, a monitoring room, a chromatography laboratory and a modeling and simulation studies room. In the lab testing hall, is installed a test bench composed basically of the following parts : a combustion chamber with nominal thermal capacity of 1.000.000 kcal/h, two fully instrumented gas and air supply sections, a gas analyzer for emissions measurement, a panel for monitoring of water supply to combustion chamber coil, a cooling tower for heat delivery of combustion chamber. A data acquisition and control system is available with all the hardware tools for monitoring of the combustion process. With all the acquired measurements of temperature, flow rate, pressures, emissions, etc., the First Law energy balance approach was used in order to evaluate the combustion efficiency of two different burners with 378.000 and 403.200 kcal/h nominal heat power. Analysis of preliminary results allows representing the burners efficiency according to different air and fuel operating conditions. The experimental data obtained are also compared with simulation results from the modeling of the combustion process, presented in another article linked with this work, where a discussion of such comparison is made. Future studies will be dedicated to the development of improved efficiency combustion systems for industrial and commercial applications.

Enhancement of Simple Gas Turbine System and Cogeneration Power Plant Using Dual Fueling of Combustion Chamber: Based on Endogenous and Exogenous Exergy Destruction Concepts

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayyer Razmara ◽  
Rahim Khoshbakhti Saray
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
General Concept ◽  
System Component ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Dual Fueling

Exergy analysis provides useful information about the system optimization. An exergy analysis identifies the sources of thermodynamic inefficiencies by evaluating the exergy destruction within each system component. Splitting the exergy destruction into endogenous/exogenous parts represents a new development in the exergy analysis of energy conversion systems. The present work is an attempt to investigate the combustion process in a simple gas turbine and a cogeneration power plant based on the general concept of endogenous and exogenous exergy destruction. Therefore, using a graphical approach, the advanced exergy analysis is applied to both cycles with different fuels such as methane and diesel. Also, dual-fueling of combustion chamber is investigated based on the aforementioned approach in which 90% substitution of methane fuel for diesel one is considered. It is found that, in both cycles the combustion chamber has the largest value of the endogenous exergy destruction. The exergetic efficiency of combustion chamber increases when methane fuel is substituted for diesel fuel. Therefore, cycles efficiencies have been enhanced when fuel is substituted for diesel one. The results obtained here may provide some useful information for the optimal design and performance improvement of these cycles.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL BURNERS TESTING AND COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pimenta ◽  
L.C. De Lima ◽  
J.B.F. Duarte ◽  
R. M. Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Energy Balance Approach

This paper describes experimental procedures and techniques adopted for combustion analysis during the testing of burners for industrial applications. The tests were carried out in the Combustion Technology Laboratory (NTC) of the University of Fortaleza. The NTC facilities are composed basically of experimental testing hall, a monitoring room, a chromatography laboratory and a modeling and simulation studies room. In the lab testing hall, is installed a test bench composed basically of the following parts : a combustion chamber with nominal thermal capacity of 1.000.000 kcal/h, two fully instrumented gas and air supply sections, a gas analyzer for emissions measurement, a panel for monitoring of water supply to combustion chamber coil, a cooling tower for heat delivery of combustion chamber. A data acquisition and control system is available with all the hardware tools for monitoring of the combustion process. With all the acquired measurements of temperature, flow rate, pressures, emissions, etc., the First Law energy balance approach was used in order to evaluate the combustion efficiency of two different burners with 378.000 and 403.200 kcal/h nominal heat power. Analysis of preliminary results allows representing the burners efficiency according to different air and fuel operating conditions. The experimental data obtained are also compared with simulation results from the modeling of the combustion process, presented in another article linked with this work, where a discussion of such comparison is made. Future studies will be dedicated to the development of improved efficiency combustion systems for industrial and commercial applications.

Why Choose Cardiothoracic Surgery as a Career?

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja R. Gopaldas ◽  
Faisal G. Bakaeen ◽  
Danny Chu ◽  
Joseph S. Coselli ◽  
Denton A. Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cardiac Surgeon ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
The Ideal

The future of cardiothoracic surgery faces a lofty challenge with the advancement of percutaneous technology and minimally invasive approaches. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, once a lucrative operation and the driving force of our specialty, faces challenges with competitive stenting and poor reimbursements, contributing to a drop in applicants to our specialty that is further fueled by the negative information that members of other specialties impart to trainees. In the current era of explosive technological progress, the great diversity of our field should be viewed as a source of excitement, rather than confusion, for the upcoming generation. The ideal future cardiac surgeon must be a "surgeon-innovator," a reincarnation of the pioneering cardiac surgeons of the "golden age" of medicine. Equipped with the right skills, new graduates will land high-quality jobs that will help them to mature and excel. Mentorship is a key component at all stages of cardiothoracic training and career development. We review the main challenges facing our specialty�length of training, long hours, financial hardship, and uncertainty about the future, mentorship, and jobs�and we present individual perspectives from both residents and faculty members.

When the State Speaks, What Should It Say?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Brettschneider
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The State ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
New Approach ◽  
State Action ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Equal Citizenship ◽  
The Ideal

How should a liberal democracy respond to hate groups and others that oppose the ideal of free and equal citizenship? The democratic state faces the hard choice of either protecting the rights of hate groups and allowing their views to spread, or banning their views and violating citizens' rights to freedoms of expression, association, and religion. Avoiding the familiar yet problematic responses to these issues, this book proposes a new approach called value democracy. The theory of value democracy argues that the state should protect the right to express illiberal beliefs, but the state should also engage in democratic persuasion when it speaks through its various expressive capacities: publicly criticizing, and giving reasons to reject, hate-based or other discriminatory viewpoints. Distinguishing between two kinds of state action—expressive and coercive—the book contends that public criticism of viewpoints advocating discrimination based on race, gender, or sexual orientation should be pursued through the state's expressive capacities as speaker, educator, and spender. When the state uses its expressive capacities to promote the values of free and equal citizenship, it engages in democratic persuasion. By using democratic persuasion, the state can both respect rights and counter hateful or discriminatory viewpoints. The book extends this analysis from freedom of expression to the freedoms of religion and association, and shows that value democracy can uphold the protection of these freedoms while promoting equality for all citizens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document