scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF TOFU LIQUID WASTE INTO BIOGAS: REVIEW

Konversi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta ◽  
Sarifa Kaisupy ◽  
Indah Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
By Products

Tofu production produces by-products in the form of liquid waste and solid waste. Tofu liquid waste which contains organic compounds has not been able to be managed properly. Industry owners only disposed of wastes into the environment. It causes water pollution and unpleasant odors around the tofu industry. One of the solutions to reduce environmental pollution is to utilize tofu liquid waste as alternative energy, namely biogas. The management of tofu liquid waste into biogas for the household scale tofu industry can use a fixed bed reactor, batch scale anaerobic reactor, and anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) up-flow reactor. The UASB reactor is the best reactor for processing tofu liquid waste into biogas on a household scale. The volume of biogas produced by the UASB reactor was 11.115 liters, while the volume of biogas produced by the fixed bed reactor and batch scale anaerobic digester reactor was 3.5 liters and 1.525 liters, respectively.

A built-in zero valent iron anaerobic reactor to enhance treatment of azo dye wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaobin Zhang ◽  
Yanwen Jing ◽  
Xie Quan ◽  
Yiwen Liu ◽  
Pascal Onu
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Waste scrap iron was packed into an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to form a zero valent iron (ZVI) - UASB reactor system for treatment of azo dye wastewater. The ZVI acted as a reductant to decrease ORP in the reactor by more than 40 mv and functioned as an acid buffer to increase the pH in the reactor from 5.44 to 6.29, both of which improved the performance of the anaerobic reactor. As a result, the removal of color and COD in this reactor was 91.7% and 53%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of a reference UASB reactor without ZVI. The UV-visible spectrum demonstrated that absorption bands of the azo dye from the ZVI-UASB reactor were substantially reduced. The ZVI promoted methanogenesis, which was confirmed by an increase in CH4 content in the biogas from 47.9% to 64.8%. The ZVI bed was protected well from rusting, which allowed it to function stably. The effluent could be further purified only by pH adjustment because the Fe2+ released from ZVI served as a flocculent.

Acclimation of the trichloroethylene-degrading anaerobic granular sludge and the degradation characteristics in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Miao Hu ◽  
Zhao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The granulation process was examined in an 8 L laboratory upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor using synthetic wastewater contained trichloroethylene (TCE). Glucose and lactate were used as primary substrates. The anaerobic bacteria biomass were acclimated and granulated by increasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TCE loadings. Anaerobic sludge was acclimated successfully in 120 days in the anaerobic sludge acclimation appliance. Since start-up, the UASB was operated as a continuous-flow reactor under the following operation conditions: temperature of (35 ± 1)°C, pH ≈ 7.2, hydraulic retention time of 10 h, COD of 2.5 g L−1 and TCE loading rate from 50.5 to 252.3 mg · (L d)−1. The UASB reactor was started successfully. The sludge volume index was 13 mL g−1. The maximum specific methanogenic activity was 1.42 gCOD · (gVSS.d)−1. After 90 days, 85% of COD and 85% of TCE removal efficiencies were achieved. The TCE degrading granular sludge had an average diameter of 2.7 mm and total suspended solid of 52 g L−1. Anaerobic sludge adsorption of TCE reached adsorption equilibrium in 0.5 h, and in 1 h reached desorption equilibrium. Furthermore, cis-dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride were detected, which showed that the removal of TCE was caused by both adsorption and biodegradation but mainly by biodegradation.

APLIKASI REAKTOR HIGH RATE PERFORMANCE PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KECIL TAHU = Application of High Rate Performance Rector for Wastewater Treatment in Tofu Small Scale Industries

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iin Parlina ◽  
Lestari Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
High Rate Performance

Along with the development of biogas and its utilization, biogas reactors also evolved from conventional reactor types to high rate performance reactors, adapts to the needs of increased efficiency and also the characteristics of organic waste that is difficult if processed using ordinary reactor. However, this type of reactor basically has 3 types, namely fixed bed (packed-bed, anaerobic filters, fixed-film), fluidized bed reactor, and UASB/ Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor. From these high rate performance reactors, fixed bed reactor is the type that is pretty much developed and implemented in Indonesia, especially for treating organic wastewater from small industries, for example tofu, tapioca and slaughterhouses. Implementation of fixed bed reactor for the tofu industry until today has reached as much as 5 units that serve the needs of about 132 households in Banyumas District, Central Java Province. The fixed bed reactor’s performance is quite high if it is evaluated from biogas yield and the efficiency of the organic content in tofu industry’s wastewater. Implementation, dissemination, and replication of this reactor for treatment of other types of organic waste or other areas have the potential to support government programs in GHG mitigation actions, renewable energy sources provision, environmental protection and the development of energy self-sufficient villages.Keywords : biogas reactor - performance high - rate, fixed bed reactors, tofu industryAbstrakSeiring dengan perkembangan biogas beserta pemanfaatannya, reaktor biogas juga berkembang dari jenis reaktor konvensional hingga reaktor berunjuk kerja tinggi (high rate performance) menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan peningkatan efisiensi dan juga karakteristik limbah organik yang sulit jika diolah dengan menggunakan reaktor biogas biasa. Namun, pada dasarnya reaktor ini memiliki 3 jenis, yaitu reaktor unggun tetap (fixed bed, packed-bed, anaerobic filter, fixed-film), reaktor unggun terfluidisasi (fluidized bed reactor), dan reaktor UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket). Dari ketiga jenis reaktor berunjuk kerja tinggi tersebut, reaktor jenis unggun tetap adalah jenis yang cukup banyak dikembangkan dan diimplementasikan di Indonesia, terutama untuk mengolah limbah cair organik yang berasal dari industri kecil, misalnya tahu, tapioka dan rumah potong hewan. Implementasi reaktor unggun tetap untuk industri tahu hingga saat ini telah mencapai jumlah 5 unit reaktor yang melayani kebutuhan sekitar 132 Rumah tangga di Kabupaten Banyumas secara berkelanjutan. Kinerja reaktor unggun tetap ini dapat dikatakan cukup tinggi jika dinilai dari perolehan biogas dan efisiensi penurunan kandungan organic dalam limbah cair tahu. Program implementasi, diseminasi, dan replikasi reaktor ini untuk pengolahan jenis limbah organik yang lain atau daerah lain memiliki potensi dalam mendukung program pemerintah dalam aksi mitigasi Gas Rumah Kaca, penyediaan sumber energi terbarukan, perlindungan lingkungan dan pengembangan desa mandiri energi.Kata kunci : biogas, reaktor high-rate-performance, reaktor fixed bed, industri tahu

The Removal of Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds from Chlorine Bleaching Effluents Using Thermophilic Anaerobic Processes

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghida Lepistö ◽  
Jukka Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Processes ◽  
Adsorbable Organic Halides ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds

Thermophilic (55°C) anaerobic removal of chlorinated phenolic compounds (CPC) from softwood bleaching effluents was studied using four different types of anaerobic processes: an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor (R1); a UASB reactor enriched with sulfate (R2); a UASB reactor with recirculation (R3); and a fixed bed reactor with recirculation (R4). The concentrations of 16 CPCs were analyzed by gas Chromatography. In all processes most of the chlorinated phenols, catechols, guaiacols, and hydroquinons detected in the bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) were either eliminated or reduced by as much as 80-95%. However, 2,4-DCP, 2,6-DCP, 4,5-DCG, 3,4,5-TCC, and TeCC were accumulated or only partially removed in all reactors, except in R4 where at high concentrations they were significantly reduced. All the reactors removed 30-70% of the COD and 25-67% of the adsorbable organic halides (AOX). The reactors with recirculation had slightly higher removal efficiencies than the other reactors, while the addition of sulfate had no apparent effect. High concentrations of BKME reduced the COD removal efficiency but not the CPC removal.

scholarly journals Decolorization enhancement by optimizing azo dye loading rate in an anaerobic reactor

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (55) ◽  
pp. 49995-50001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Hua Cui ◽  
Dan Cui ◽  
Bin Liang ◽  
Thangavel Sangeetha ◽  
Ai-Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Dye Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was developed to investigate the effect of azo dye loading rate on the decolorization performance and microbial community.

Pemodelan Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pengolah Molasse Pada Pembebanan Organik Tinggi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Telah dikembangkan reaktor anaerob kecepatan tinggi (high rate) yang merupakan modifikasi reaktor konvensional. Di antaranya berupa (bio)reaktor pertumbuhan tersuspensi (contoh: UASB, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) dan reaktor pertumbuhan lekat (Fixed Bed atau Biofilter, Fluidized Bed, Expanded Bed, Rotating Biodisc dan Baffled Reactor). Kedua tipe reaktor di atas memiliki sejumlah kelebihan dan kekurangan. Untuk mengoptimalkan nilai positifnya (terutama untuk keperluan desain) maka reaktor tersebut, pada penelitian ini, disusun menjadi satu urutan yang disebut Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob (Rehan) yakni UASB di bawah dan AF di atasnya. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang kinerja Rehan dalam mengolah air limbah (substrat) yang konsentrasi zat organiknya (COD) sangat tinggi dan suatu model matematika yang dapat mewakili reaktor tersebut.

scholarly journals Microbial Removal of Pb(II) Using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Chimhundi ◽  
Carla Hörstmann ◽  
Evans M. N. Chirwa ◽  
Hendrik G. Brink
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Microbial Removal ◽  
Maximum Removal

The main objective of this study was to achieve the continuous biorecovery and bioreduction of Pb(II) using an industrially obtained consortia as a biocatalyst. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was used in the treatment process. The bioremediation technique that was applied made use of a yeast extract as the microbial substrate and Pb(NO3)2 as the source of Pb(II). The UASB reactor exhibited removal efficiencies of between 90 and 100% for the inlet Pb concentrations from 80 to 2000 ppm and a maximum removal rate of 1948.4 mg/(L·d) was measured. XRD and XPS analyses of the precipitate revealed the presence of Pb0, PbO, PbS and PbSO4. Supporting experimental work carried out included growth measurements, pH, oxidation–reduction potentials and nitrate levels.

KINETIC MODELS FOR PREDICTION OF COD EFFLUENT FROM UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) REACTOR FOR CANNERY SEAFOOD WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunwanee Jijai ◽  
Chairat Siripatana ◽  
Sompong O-Thong ◽  
Norli Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Reactor Kinetic ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The three identical lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were operated continuously for treating cannery seafood wastewater at seven hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 days. The different of granule sizes from three sources: a cassava factory (CS), a seafood factory (SS), and a palm oil mill (PS), average sizes in the range 1.5-1.7, 0.7-1.0 and 0.1-0.2 mm respectively were used as inocula for anaerobic digestion. The UASB-R1 used only granules from seafood factory (R1-SS), the UASB-R2 used mixed granules from seafood with cassava factory (R2-SS+CS) and the UASB-R3 used mixed granules from seafood factory with palm oil mill (R3-SS+PS). In this study selected mathematical models including Monod, Contois, Grau second-order and modified Stover-Kicannon kinetic models were applied to determine the substrate removal kinetics of UASB reactor. Kinetic parameters were determined through linear regression using experimental data obtained from the steady-state experiment and subsequently used to predict effluent COD. The results showed that Grau second-order and modified Stover-Kicannon kinetic models were more suitable than that of others for predicting the effluent COD, with high the correlation coefficient (R2). In addition, the UASB-R2 from mixed granules with cassava factory (SS+CS) gave the best performance and highest coefficient value.

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