Peroxidation of lipids and activity of enzymes of antioxidant protection in microsomal fraction of the liver and kidneys of rats with leucosis

2016 ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
G. G. Kasymova
Keyword(s):  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Peroxidation Of Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

Plasma lipoprotein peroxidation potential: a test to evaluate individual susceptibility to peroxidation

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1756-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Arshad ◽  
S Bhadra ◽  
R M Cohen ◽  
M T Subbiah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Peroxidation Of Lipids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Individual Susceptibility ◽  
Cupric Acetate

Abstract Peroxidation of lipids is believed to play a key role in various degenerative diseases. However, few simple tests are able to detect individual susceptibility or resistance to peroxidation. Measurement of the basal concentrations of lipid peroxides in plasma is not satisfactory because they are so low. Therefore, we developed a test to determine susceptibility of whole plasma to metal/H2O2-catalyzed peroxidation. Incubation of 300-500 microL of plasma with H2O2/cupric acetate resulted in the formation of products from fatty acids (malonaldehyde, measured by thiobarbituric acid assay) and cholesterol (predominantly cholest-3,5-dien-7-one, measured by gas-liquid chromatography). In the presence of Cu2+, formation of malonaldehyde and cholest-3,5-dien-7-one increased at least 10-fold over basal values. Lipid peroxide (malonaldehyde) and cholesterol oxide concentrations after peroxidation were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in diabetic plasma than in normal plasma. Because susceptibility to plasma peroxidation represents a balance between pro-oxidant factors and antioxidant protection, this test may be useful in determining individual susceptibility to peroxidation as influenced by nutritional and clinical status.

scholarly journals THE STATE OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF BLOOD IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM PSYCHOSTIMULANTS AND OPIOIDS ADDICTION SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
D. A. Lubchenko ◽  
I. M. Bykov ◽  
M. A. Popova ◽  
M. G. Litvinova
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Oxidative Modifications ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

Aim. This study was designed to perform the comparative evaluation of functioning of antioxidant system of blood in patients 137 Kubanskij nauchnyj medicinskij vestnik 2018; 25 (5) suffering from psychostimulants and opioids addiction syndrome.Materials and methods. The study was performed using biological material of 52 patients divided into 3 groups. Patients who were considered to be conditionally healthy were included in the 1st (control) group. The 2nd group was presented by the patients suffering from opioids addiction syndrome, the 3rd group included patients suffering from psychostimulants addiction syndrome. Some parameters of the thiol metabolism and general antioxidant activity were identified in the blood plasma of patients as well as the level of products of oxidative modifications of biomolecules and the activity of enzymes of antioxidant protection in the erythrocytes.Results. In the course of the performed studies it was revealed that the decreased antioxidant activity of the blood plasma by 28-40% was characteristic for the examined patients as well as the imbalance of enzymes of the antiradical protection of erythrocytes and the high intensity of oxidative modifications of biomolecules characterized by the increase in the thiobarbituric value by 2,4-3 times. The activity of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes of patients of both test groups decreased by 35-43%, while the catalase activity increased by 15-21% in comparison with the relevant indices of the control group. The presence of such changes in the functioning of enzymes of the antioxidant protection can indirectly prove the presence of hypoxia in the examined patients. Besides, the increase in the content of easily-accessible thiol groups by 2,6-2,8 times and the decrease in the content of SH-groups difficult for access by 2,5-3,2 times was noted in patients suffering from the drug addiction. The reconstruction of the balance of various types of thiol groups can be associated with the confirmatory reconstruction of protein molecules induced by the oxidative modifications and combining of toxins.Conclusion. The study in prooxidant-antioxidant status revealed the common traits in the disease pattern in patients suffering from various types of drug addiction. The received data allow us to discuss the perspectives of the criteria search for the laboratory biochemical monitoring of the patients with drug addiction and the possibilities of the antioxidant correction of metabolic disorders as a component of the complex therapy for such patients.

Steroidogenic enzyme activities in rat polycystic ovaries

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard M. Cooke ◽  
James R. Brawer ◽  
Riaz Farookhi
Keyword(s):  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Thecal Cells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stromal Tissue ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Slight Elevation ◽  
Stimulation Control

Ovaries containing multiple follicular cysts occur in a variety of anovulatory conditions. A macrocystic condition occurs spontaneously in rats following a single injection of estradiol valerate. The ovaries are small, and exhibit scant stromal tissue, few healthy follicles, and numerous large cystic and precystic follicles. We have also generated a microcystic condition by means of subcutaneous estradiol-containing silastic implants. These ovaries are large, and exhibit a stroma of hypertrophied lipid-filled cells, and numerous small cysts encircled by hypertrophied thecal cells. The macrocystic condition is associated with a uniformly attenuated plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) pattern, whereas large LH episodes characterize the microcystic condition. The marked dissimilarities between these two methods suggest that there may be corresponding differences in ovarian steroidogenic activity. We have measured the activity of enzymes involved in progestin and androgen biosynthesis in the two types of multicystic ovaries before and after LH – human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation. Control ovaries were obtained at late proestrus from age-matched cycling animals. Radiometric enzyme assays for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD), C17,20-lyase (lyase), and aromatase were conducted on the microsomal fraction of ovarian homogenates. 3β-HSD activity was reduced by > 50% in both types of cystic ovaries compared with controls. There was a slight elevation in the 3β-HSD activity of macrocystic ovaries in response to hCG. 20α-HSD activity was similar in controls and macrocystic ovaries but significantly lower (< 20% of control) in the microcystic ovaries. Lyase and aromatase activities were undetectable in cystic ovaries. Although these results are consistent with the morphology and plasma LH patterns characterizing the macrocystic condition, the microcystic ovary presents an unexpected paradox. These results underscore the complexity and multidimensional nature of cystic ovarian disease.Key words: steroidogenic activity, ovary, polycystic.

scholarly journals Prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the organism of bulls (young cattle) after using cadmium load

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gutyj ◽  
V. Stybel ◽  
L. Darmohray ◽  
Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
I. Turko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxidation Of Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

<p>The results of studies of the effect of Cadmium influence on the state of the enzyme and nonenzyme system of antioxidant protection of young cattle organism, namely on the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, level of reduced glutathione, Selenium, vitamins A and E. It was determined that the feeding of young bulls with cadmium chloride in a dose of 0.04 mg / kg of body weight contributed to a decrease both, enzyme and non enzyme level of the system of antioxidant protection (superoxide dismutase by 22%, catalase - by 12%, renewed glutathione by 11%, glutathione peroxidase by 22 %, Selenium - by 18%, vitamin A - by 23%, vitamin E - by 27%,). The lowest level of the antioxidant protection system in the blood of young cattle was set at the sixteenth and twenty-fourth day of the experiment, which is due to the increased activation of lipoperoxidation processes and a disturbance of the balance between the activity of the antioxidant system and the intensity of peroxidation of lipids. The toxic effect of Cadmium contributes to the change in the stationary concentrations of the radical metabolites O2, ˙OH, NO2, which, in their turn, initiate the processes of peroxide oxidation of lipids, indicating an increase in the level of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde. The highest level of intermediate and final products of peroxid oxidation of lipids in the blood of young cattle was determined on the thirtieth day of the experiment, while comparing with the control group, they increased by 31 and 27%, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals The effect of cadmium loading on the activity of the enzyme link of the glutathione system of bull organism

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (95) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
I. S. Paziuk ◽  
N. D. Levkivska ◽  
M. S. Romanovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System ◽  
Peroxidation Processes ◽  
Experimental Group

One of the ultimate manifestations of Cadmium's toxic effects is the depletion of the animal's antioxidant protection system. The article presents data on the effect of cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight on the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection of the body of young cattle. The surveys were conducted on the basis of farm Ivanivtsi of Zhydachiv district of Lviv region on 10 bulls of six months old, Ukrainian black-ruffed dairy breed, which were formed into 2 groups of 5 animals each: control and experimental. Bulls of the experimental group were fed with feed cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of the animal. For research, the rules were compulsory for performing zootechnical experiments on the selection and retention of analogues in groups, technology for the procurement, use and accounting of feed consumed. The diet of the animals was balanced by the nutrients and minerals that provided for their need for essential nutrients. The results of studies indicate that Cadmium significantly affects the metabolism processes in liver cells, and thus stimulates lipid peroxidation processes and inhibits the activity of enzymes of the glutathione link of the antioxidant system. The lowest activity of the enzyme link of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection of the body of cattle was found on the twentieth day of the experiment, where, accordingly, the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the serum of bugs of the experimental group decreased by 22.6%, the activity of glutathione 6 phosphate dehydrogenase – by 24.3% relative to the control group of animals. The inhibition of the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system of the organism of bulls of the experimental group is caused by the development of oxidative stress caused by the feeding of Cadmium. The researches made it possible to reveal more deeply the pathogenesis of the toxic effect of cadmium on the body of bugs and use these data in the development of an antidote for cadmium intoxication.

Structural aspects of osmoregulation in porphyra

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
C. Wiencke ◽  
A. Lauchli
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Osmotic Adaptation ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Osmotic Agents ◽  
Vacuolar System ◽  
Structural Aspects

Osmoregulatory mechanisms in algae were investigated mainly from a physiological point of view (KAUSS 1977, HELLEBUST 1976). In Porphyra two osmotic agents, i. e. floridoside/isofloridoside (KAUSS 1968) and certain ions, such as K+ and Na+(EPPLEY et al. 1960) are considered for osmotic balance. Accumulations of ions (particularly Na+) in the cytoplasm during osmotic adaptation is improbable, because the activity of enzymes is generally inhibited by high ionic concentrations (FLOWERS et al. 1977).The cellular organization of Porphyra was studied with special emphasis on the development of the vacuolar system under different hyperosmotic conditions. Porphyra was cultivated at various strengths of the culture medium ASP 12 (PROVASOLI 1961) ranging from normal to 6 times concentrated (6x) culture medium. Por electron microscopy freeze fracturing was used (specimens fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and incubated in 30% glycerol, preparation in a BALZERS BA 360 M apparatus), because chemical fixation gave poor results.

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