The level of products of lipid peroxidation in the blood of piglets at the action feed additive “Sylimevit”

Intensive pig breeding has been reported in the literature to suggest that early weaning of piglets from sows is an extreme stimulus that reduces the protective and adaptive responses of piglets. That is why the aim of the study was to study the effect of the feed additive “Sylimevit” on the level of lipid peroxidation products of piglets after weaning. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental in the amount of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the principle of analogs – age, breed and body weight. During the weaning period, the piglets were kept under the sow in special machines, had constant access to the mother, and from the age of 5 days – free access to concentrated feed. While feeding of animals was carried out in accordance with the norms for a given age of pigs. Prior to the study, a clinical and physiological examination of the piglets was performed. Their general condition and activity when eating food were taken into account. On the 28th day of life, the piglets were weaned from the sow and regrouped from different nests in order to be further maintained during the period of fattening and rearing with a change in the structure of the diet, which served as technological stress for the animals. From the age of 5 days, piglets of all groups were fed pre-starter feed. Piglets of the experimental group, from 21 to 40 days of age, were additionally fed the feed supplement “Sylimevit” at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day. The technological stress of weaning piglets from sows is accompanied by a gradual probable intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. Feeding Sylimevit feed to piglets after weaning helped to reduce the content of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation: lipid hydroperoxides – by 52 % (P < 0.001) and TBA-active products – by 22.5 % (P < 0.01). Thus, feeding the piglets of the experimental group of the feed additive “Sylimevit” helped to suppress the processes of lipid peroxidation in animals. Thus, the results of the use of feed additive “Sylimevit” in weaned piglets showed a pronounced antioxidant effect. The components of the feed additive directly interacted with reactive oxygen species and free radicals, preventing the development of oxidative stress.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS SCHEMES OF IMMUNOREHABILITATION IN INFERTILITY OF TUBOPERITONEAL GENESIS

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various pharmacotherapy regimens for infertility of tubo-peritoneal genesis. Under constant supervision were 96 patients referred to the hospital for diagnostic laparoscopy for infertility of tubo-peritoneal genesis, divided equally into 4 groups depending on the pharmacological treatment methods: the 1st group received basic pharmacotherapy (BPT) after endoscopic surgery (antibacterial, antifungal, vitamin therapy). Patients of groups 2-4, in addition to BPT, received Hepon, Cycloferon or Lavomax, respectively. The control group consisted of 38 gynecologically healthy women. Laboratory examination was performed within 24 hours after the operation and on the 30th day after BPT. Vaginocervical lavage and plasma were assayed for the activity of lipid peroxidation processes, the state of the antioxidant system, the level of stable nitric oxide metabolites, neopterin, C-reactive protein, cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ, IL-18, G-CSF, IL-4, IL-10), immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA, sIgA), components of the complement system (C3, C4, C5, C5А), phagocytic and oxygen-dependent activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It was established that the use of immunomodulatory and antiviral activity medication with BPT according to the degree of increasing efficiency in the correction of immunometabolic laboratory parameters at the systemic and local level in infertility of tuboperitoneal genesis is as the following sequence: basic pharmacotherapy < basic pharmacotherapy + Hepon < basic pharmacotherapy + Cycloferon < basic pharmacotherapy + Lavomax.

PERSONALIZED PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF IMMUNE SYSTEMS, METABOLIC AND NEUROPSYCHIC PARAMETERS IN CHRONIC BRAIN ISCHEMIA OF STAGE I AND II ON THE BACKGROUND OF HYPERTENSION DISEASE

The study aimed to develop a personalized pharmacological correction of immune, metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) stages I and II. The study included 104 patients, of which 76 were female and 28 were male, with CCI on the background of grade II hypertension, of which 52 patients were with stage I and 52 with stage II at the age of 50±5 years. Clinical and laboratory parameters were studied in 22 healthy donors of the same age who formed a control group. Patients with CCI were randomized according to gender, age, treatment method, concomitant pathology, and duration of the disease. Evaluation of clinical and laboratory data was carried out at the beginning of treatment and 2 weeks after its end. The sorption capacity of erythrocytes and the sorption capacity of the glycocalyx (SEG), the activity of lipid peroxidation processes, the state of the antioxidant system were determined in blood plasma and erythrocytes, the level of stable metabolites of nitric oxide (SMNO), neopterin, C-reactive protein, cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ, IL-18, G-CSF, IL-4, IL-10), immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA), complement system components (C3, C4, C5, C5A), phagocytic and oxygen-dependent activity of polymorphonuclear blood leukocytes. It has been established that for patients with CCI I with high concentrations of IL-8, IL-10, SMNO and a low SEG index, the intake of Cereton and Actovegin or Ceraxon and Mexicor will be insufficient for effective correction of immunometabolic disorders, which requires additional administration of an immunomodulator. Patients with CCI II, who have a higher plasma level of TNFα, IL-10 and low SEG values, need to prescribe Ceraxon, Mexicor and Glutoxim or Ceraxon, Mexicor and Polyoxidonium in order to obtain the maximum clinical and laboratory positive effect.

Realization of protective and symbiotic properties of soybeans using fungicide seed treatment

Aim. The elaboration of efficient legume-rhizobial symbiosis systems, involving active strains of nodule bacteria, in the combination with fungicide seed treatment may be an alternative method of providing ecologically friendly nitrogen sources to plants and promoting their tolerance to the external factors, which is relevant for preservation and restoration of envi- ronmental quality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment with fungi- cides, which differ in the action spectrum of active substances – Standak Top (fipronil, 250 g/l, thiophanate-methyl, 225 g/l, pyraclostrobin, 25 g/l) and Maxim XL (fludioxonyl, 25 g/l, metalaxyl, 10 g/l), on the intensity of the development of lipid peroxidation processes, the activity of antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase and nitrogen fixation activity in soybeans on the early stages of forming legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of a bacterial culture, seed inoculation), physiological (vegetative experiment), biochemical (spectrophotometric determination of the content of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase; measuring the nitrogen-fixation activity using a gas chro- matography). Results. It was found that pre-sowing fungicide treatment of soybean seeds and subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b did not result in the change in the content of TBA-active products in roots and root nodules (the values of indices were within the experiment deviation). At the same time, after seed inoculation using rhizobia and treat- ment with Maxim XL, there was an increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the roots from 20.3 to 30.8 %, and with Standak Top – from 20.0 to 29.8 % during the early stages of ontogenesis till the formation of the third ternate leaf. Here, the activity of the enzyme in root nodules increased by 24.7–40.3 % at the fungicidal effect. Our data demonstrate that the combination of fungicide seed treatment and inoculation with active rhizobia does not induce lipid peroxidation processes, but promotes the initiation of protective antioxidant properties in soybeans. It is accompanied with efficient functioning of the symbiotic apparatus, which is manifested in the increase in nitrogen-fixing activity of nodule bacteria, formed by active rhizobia of strain 634b after the seed treatment with Standak Top – by 98.3 and 78.1 % and after Maxim XL – by 78.6 and 196.2 % respectively, during the stages of the second and third ternate leaves. Conclusions. The pre-sowing soybean seed treatment with fungicides Standak Top and Maxim XL and the subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b does not induce the development of lipid peroxidation processes, but increases the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, ascor- bate peroxidase, in the roots and root nodules, which is accompanied with the efficient work of the symbiotic apparatus on the early stages of determining legume-rhizobial symbiosis. This method of seed treatment may be a novel measure, to use in the technologies of cultivating soybeans to enhance the realization of the symbiotic potential and meet the needs of plants in ecologically friendly nitrogen, and to promote the formation of their tolerance to the corresponding cultivation conditions.

Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygenation in the complex treatment of new coronavirus infection COVID-19

Purpose of the study: evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation in the complex treatment of a new coronavirus infection – COVID-19. Materials and Methods: we studied 190 patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia (mean age 52.2 ± 2.3 years), the study group (95 patients; 41 women, 54 men) received against the background of complex treatment courses of hyperbaric oxygenation № 3-5; at pressure 1.3-1.4 ATA for 40-60 minutes; comparison group (n = 95; 42 women; 53 men) received standard complex treatment. The concomitant diseases in most patients were: arterial hypertension (stage I-II), obesity (stage II-IV) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: a more pronounced therapeutic effect was noted in the main group of patients: only 3 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, while in the comparison group – 10 patients, 2 of whom died. The presented data suggest that the use of HBO can quickly achieve correction of hypoxia in patients with new coronavirus infection, improve lung function, as well as improve the course of related diseases, including symptoms related to gastrointestinal pathology, cardiovascular disease, mental conditions, etc., affecting the body as a biostimulant. Conclusion: hyperbaric oxygenation in patients with new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus is an effective method and has a multifactorial effect leading both to improvement of subjective state parameters of the examined patients and to increase of hemoglobin oxygen saturation, decrease of lipid peroxidation processes intensity, activation of antioxidant system of the body, restoration of pro- and antioxidants balance, normalization of apoptosis processes.

RESEARCH OF THE EFFECT OF A NEW ANTIHYPOXANT AND ANTIOXIDANT AGENT IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPOXIA CAUSED BY ACUTE BLOOD LOSS

Aim. To study the antihypoxic and antioxidant effect of the new blood substitute «Rheoambrasol» in acute blood loss.Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 60 rats, in which the experimental model of acute blood loss was reproduced. The effectiveness of using the new blood substitute «Rheoambrasol” in acute blood loss was determined in comparison with the drug “Rheopolyglyukin”.Results. The results obtained, it can be seen that blood loss is accompanied by hypoxia, as evidenced by the concentration of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), which increased in the second group by 4.1 times. After the infusion of “Rheoambrasol”, the content of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α in blood plasma decreased 2.9 times, compared with the value after blood loss, which was 44.4% lower than after the infusion of the drug “Rheopolyglucin”. After the use of the drug “Rheoambrasol”, the balance of lipid peroxidation activity/ antioxidant system activity (LPO/AOS) in the blood, myocardium and liver was restored. Conclusion. The new drug “Rheoambrasol” has a pronounced antihypoxant effect in acute blood loss, which is manifested in the ability to reduce the content of HIF-1α in the blood of experimental animals.The introduction of “Rheoambrasol” in acute blood loss effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation processes in the blood, myocardium and liver and increases the activity of AOS enzymes, which indicates its antioxidant effect.

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in patients with kidney cancer

Purpose of the study: to assess the state of lipid peroxidation processes in patients with kidney cancer in relation to the clinical factors of the prognosis of the disease and against the background of surgical intervention.Material and methods. For the study, we used blood plasma samples from 300 patients with kidney cancer T1–4N 0–1M0–1, obtained before surgery and 8–9 days after surgery. Oxidative stress was assessed by the intensity of free radical processes by the method of induced biochemiluminescence on the BKhL-07 biochemiluminometer apparatus (Medozons Co., Russia), the activity of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the accumulation of initial products in the blood plasma – diene conjugates (DC), triene conjugates (TC) and fial Schiff bases (OSh) according to I. A. Volchegorsky et al. method. (1989). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Statistica 12 and Microsoft Offie Excel 2010 programs.Results. In patients with kidney cancer, there was a decrease in the level of DC, an increase in OSh and the ratio of Osh / (DC + TC) compared with the control (p ≤ 0.05), against the background of depletion of the resources of the antioxidant defense system. The content of DC did not differ from the norm with the size of the primary tumor of the kidney pT1–pT2 and decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in the case of the presence of the tumor pT3–pT4. At the same time, there was an increase in the OSh content (p ≤ 0.05). In patients with thrombi in the inferior vena cava system, a decrease in the level of DC was observed (p ≤ 0.05), the OSh level did not differ from that of healthy individuals. In the postoperative period, there was an increase in the content of DC (p ≤ 0.05) and a decrease in the Osh / (DC + TC) coeffiient (p ≤ 0.05) compared with the initial level.Conclusion. Kidney cancer is accompanied by the activation of free radical oxidation processes against the background of depletion of the resources of the antioxidant defense system. Changes in the pro-antioxidant homeostasis are interrelated with the size of the primary tumor and the presence of a tumor thrombus. In the postoperative period, the activity of free radical oxidation processes in the patient’s body decreases.

Prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and reproductive capacity of boars under the influence of copper citrate

Peroxide oxidation processes play a leading role in ensuring the motility, survival and fertilizing ability of sperm. A special role is given to limiting antioxidants (vitamins, amino acids, microelements). Therefore, the development of standardized feeding programs to provide antioxidant nutrition is one of the effective methods of reproductive biotechnology. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of copper citrate on the quality of sperm production and the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in sperm of boars. The experiment used adult boars of a large white breed, analogs in age, live weight and quality of sperm products. Experimental groups were fed copper citrate above the norm by 10% and 20%. It has been determined that feeding combined feed to boars with the addition of this compound in an amount of 10% above norm probably increases the weight of ejaculate by 12.5% (P<0.05), the sperm motility and survival by 6.5% (P<0.01) and 13.5% (P<0.001), respectively. Such changes in sperm occur against the background of an increase in SOD activity by 80.6% (P<0.05), a decrease in catalase by 43.5% (P<0.05), a slowing down of peroxidation processes — a decrease in diene conjugates and TBA-active compounds. The additional introduction to the diet of copper citrate by 20% more than normal increases the concentration of spermatozoa by 13.2% (P<0.01), the number of live spermatozoa by 20.7% (P<0,01), with a simultaneous decrease in their survival, due to the acceleration of peroxidation processes — an increase in the content of diene conjugates, TBA-active compounds and DAA and a decrease in reduced glutathione. It has been found out that the fertilizing ability of sperm significantly depended on the amount of fed microelement. Sows inseminated with sperm of boars receiving copper supplement in the diet by 10%, had higher fertility rates by 7.1%, multifertility by 3.6%, and a litter weight at weaning by 8.8%. The additional administration of copper citrate reduced the fertility of sperm by 20%, as the fertility rate of sows of III group was the lowest and was 7.7% and 14.3% lower compared to I and II groups. A similar trend occurred in terms of high fertility, a litter weight at birth and weaning. Therefore, the additional feeding of a small amount of copper has a positive effect on the functional activity of sperm and the processes of normal fertilization, growth and development of embryos and newborn piglets by optimizing the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis.

Proteins of allogeneic hepatocytes and pharmacological preparations for the correction of immunometabolic disorders in experimental liver pathology

Introduction: The relationship of numerous metabolic shifts, disorders of hepatocytes functional activity resulting from hypoxia and toxic liver damage with the function of the immune system has not been sufficiently studied so far, nor have the most effective methods of pharmacological correction been established. Materials and Methods: The studies were carried out on 603 mature male Wistar rats and 45 mice. Acute toxic liver damage (ATLD) was modeled by intramuscular introduction of carbon tetrachloride; acute liver ischemia (ALI) was caused by clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament for 20 minutes; chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) was modeled by forced intragastric administration of 20% ethanol solution for 60 days. Isolation of xenogeneic (murine) and allogeneic (rat) hepatocytes from newborn mice and rats was carried out according to the method of Berry and Friend (1969); culture fluid of hepatocytes and its protein fractions were prepared according to our developed techniques. The obtained biological material was intraperitoneally introduced into the rats with ATLD, ALI, and CAI. Results and Discussion: In all the models of the liver damage, there developed morphological and biochemical signs of the liver damage, impaired congenital and adaptive immunity, oxidative stress, increased lipid peroxidation processes. Conclusion: The introduction of allogeneic hepatocytes, culture fluid obtained on their basis,and proteins isolated from it with MW less than 130 kDa to the recipients with toxic and ischemic liver damage more effectively corrects the pathologic changes in the liver in comparison with xenogeneic hepatocytes, their culture fluid and pharmacological preparations (combinations of Essentiale N and Hypoxenum or Heptral and Mexicor).