scholarly journals Results of surgical rehabilitation of the top parts of the gastroenteric canal in patients with duodenogastroesophageal reflux

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
S. N. Trynov ◽  
N. V. Gibadulin ◽  
I. O. Gibadulina
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Selective Proximal Vagotomy ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Duodenogastroesophageal Reflux

Are presented results of clinical use of an original way of strengthening antireflux function pyloric sphincter at patients expressed duodenogastroesophageal reflux. The expediency of performance of surgical rehabilitation esophagogastroduodenal canal, including selective proximal vagotomy, correction chronic duodenal obstruction, strengthening antireflux functions of the gatekeeper and formation the mechanism cardium therefore optimum anatomo-physiological conditions for normalization of processes of digestion are created is proved.

Mesothelial Cells from Tunica Vaginalis, a Practical Source for Mesothelial Transplantation

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Asano ◽  
R. Takazawa ◽  
M. Yamato ◽  
K. Kihara ◽  
T. Okano
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Near Future

Transplantation of mesothelial cells is used to repair peritoneum that is damaged by surgery, peritonitis, and peritoneal dialysis. The largest obstacle for clinical application of mesothelial cell transplantation is the lack of a reliable source of mesothelial cells. So far, they are isolated from omentum, mesentery, parietal wall and ascites. Procedures used to obtain mesothelial cells from the omentum or mesentery are invasive, however, especially in pre-operative situations. Sufficient amounts of ascites for aspiration can not be obtained under physiological conditions. We have developed a novel method of isolating mesothelial cells from the tunica vaginalis. The tunica vaginalis originates from the peritoneum and descends into the scrotum along with the testis during fetal development. This region provides a source of mesothelial cells that is convenient to approach and free from abdominal complications. Transplantation of autologous mesothelial cells that were isolated from tunica vaginalis was effective in preventing post-operative adhesions. In this review, we summarize mesothelial cell transplantation trials and describe the method of isolating mesothelial cells form the tunica vaginalis. Mesothelial cell transplantation might be widely accepted for clinical use in the near future.

Porphyrinoid-based photosensitizers for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: An update

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 729-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Aggarwal ◽  
Diana Samaroo ◽  
Ivana Radivojevic Jovanovic ◽  
Sunaina Singh ◽  
Michelle Paola Tuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
Conjugated Systems ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Tumor Selectivity

Porphyrin-based molecules are actively studied as dual function theranostics: fluorescence-based imaging for diagnostics and fluorescence-guided therapeutic treatment of cancers. The intrinsic fluorescent and photodynamic properties of the bimodal molecules allows for these theranostic approaches. Several porphyrinoids bearing both hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic units at their periphery have been developed for the aforementioned applications, but better tumor selectivity and high efficacy to destroy tumor cells is always a key setback for their use. Another issue related to their effective clinical use is that, most of these chromophores form aggregates under physiological conditions. Nanomaterials that are known to possess incredible properties that cannot be achieved from their bulk systems can serve as carriers for these chromophores. Porphyrinoids, when conjugated with nanomaterials, can be enabled to perform as multifunctional nanomedicine devices. The integrated properties of these porphyrinoid-nanomaterial conjugated systems make them useful for selective drug delivery, theranostic capabilities, and multimodal bioimaging. This review highlights the use of porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines as well as their multifunctional nanodevices in various biomedical theranostic platforms.

Inductograph method for recording muscle activity, especially pyloric sphincter physiology

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Louckes ◽  
J. P. Quigley ◽  
J. Kersey
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Peristaltic Wave ◽  
Pyloric Antrum ◽  
Gastric Evacuation ◽  
Physiological Conditions

The inductograph method for registering in vivo muscle activity under physiological conditions is described. The method is applied to a study of the physiology of the pyloric sphincter region of well-trained, unanesthetized dogs, but is readily applicable for similar studies of the heart, uterus, skeletal muscle, etc. The motor activity of the pyloric sphincter and the pyloric antrum during fasting, feeding and gastric evacuation; the response of these regions to parasympatheticomimetic and sympatheticomimetic stimulation; and the role of the sphincter in gastric evacuation is presented. These studies show that the pyloric sphincter and the pyloric antrum are either quiescent and relaxed or the pyloric sphincter contracts momentarily in a rhythmic manner four to six times a minute in response to each propagated antral peristaltic wave. The inherent rhythm of the pyloric sphincter region is almost impossible to alter, but one or more contraction cycles may be inhibited by excitement, epinephrine, atropine, etc. or the inherent rhythm in a quiescent sphincter may be made manifest by feeding, pilocarpine, etc.

scholarly journals The Kynurenine Pathway and Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Inhibitors

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Tamera D. Hughes ◽  
Osman F. Güner ◽  
Emma Carine Iradukunda ◽  
Robert S. Phillips ◽  
J. Phillip Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Rational Structure ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

Under normal physiological conditions, the kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a critical role in generating cellular energy and catabolizing tryptophan. Under inflammatory conditions, however, there is an upregulation of the KP enzymes, particularly kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO). KMO has garnered much attention due to its production of toxic metabolites that have been implicated in many diseases and disorders. With many of these illnesses having an inadequate or modest treatment, there exists a need to develop KMO inhibitors that reduce the production of these toxic metabolites. Though prior efforts to find an appropriate KMO inhibitor were unpromising, the development of a KMO crystal structure has provided the opportunity for a rational structure-based design in the development of inhibitors. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the kynurenine pathway, the kynurenine 3-monooxygenase enzyme, and KMO inhibitors and their potential candidacy for clinical use.

Ultrastructure of Giant Mitochondria and Their Inclusions in Schwann Cells of Bovine Splenic Nerve

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Å. Thureson-Klein
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Giant Mitochondria ◽  
Matrix Density ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Unmyelinated Axons ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Cell Components

Giant mitochondria of various shapes and with different internal structures and matrix density have been observed in a great number of tissues including nerves. In most instances, the presence of giant mitochondria has been associated with a known disease or with abnormal physiological conditions such as anoxia or exposure to cytotoxic compounds. In these cases degenerative changes occurred in other cell organelles and, therefore the giant mitochondria also were believed to be induced structural abnormalities.Schwann cells ensheating unmyelinated axons of bovine splenic nerve regularly contain giant mitochondria in addition to the conventional smaller type (Fig. 1). These nerves come from healthy inspected animals presumed not to have been exposed to noxious agents. As there are no drastic changes in the small mitochondria and because other cell components also appear reasonably well preserved, it is believed that the giant mitochondria are normally present jin vivo and have not formed as a post-mortem artifact.

Freeze-fracture observations on changes in the distribution of Filipin-sterol complexes during epididymal maturation and capacitation of boar spermatozoa

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
N. Seki ◽  
Y. Toyama ◽  
T. Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Freeze Fracturing ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Epididymal Maturation ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

It is believed that i ntramembra.nous sterols play an essential role in membrane stability and permeability. To investigate the distribution changes of sterols in sperm membrane during epididymal maturation and capacitation, filipin has been used as a cytochemical probe for the detection for membrane sterols. Using this technique in combination with freeze fracturing, we examined the boar spermatozoa under various physiological conditions.The spermatozoa were collected from: 1) caput, corpus and cauda epididymides, 2) sperm rich fraction of ejaculates, and 3)the uterus 2hr after natural coition. They were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4), and treated with the filipin solution (final concentration : 0.02.0.05%) for 24hr at 4°C with constant agitation. After the filipin treatment, replicas were made by conventional freeze-fracture technique. The density of filipin-sterol complexes (FSCs) was determined in the E face of the plasma membrane of head regions.

Assessing Functional Language in School-Aged Children Using Language Sample Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-636
Author(s):  
John Heilmann ◽  
Alexander Tucci ◽  
Elena Plante ◽  
Jon F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Computer Hardware ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Functional Language ◽  
School Age ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Language Sample Analysis ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Language Sample

Purpose The goal of this clinical focus article is to illustrate how speech-language pathologists can document the functional language of school-age children using language sample analysis (LSA). Advances in computer hardware and software are detailed making LSA more accessible for clinical use. Method This clinical focus article illustrates how documenting school-age student's communicative functioning is central to comprehensive assessment and how using LSA can meet multiple needs within this assessment. LSA can document students' meaningful participation in their daily life through assessment of their language used during everyday tasks. The many advances in computerized LSA are detailed with a primary focus on the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (Miller & Iglesias, 2019). The LSA process is reviewed detailing the steps necessary for computers to calculate word, morpheme, utterance, and discourse features of functional language. Conclusion These advances in computer technology and software development have made LSA clinically feasible through standardized elicitation and transcription methods that improve accuracy and repeatability. In addition to improved accuracy, validity, and reliability of LSA, databases of typical speakers to document status and automated report writing more than justify the time required. Software now provides many innovations that make LSA simpler and more accessible for clinical use. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12456719

Translation Research for the Rehabilitation of Left Spatial Neglect and Associated Disorders of Attention in Stroke Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkiruka Arene ◽  
Argye E. Hillis
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Unilateral Neglect ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Sound Theoretical Basis ◽  
Review Current

Abstract The syndrome of unilateral neglect, typified by a lateralized attention bias and neglect of contralateral space, is an important cause of morbidity and disability after a stroke. In this review, we discuss the challenges that face researchers attempting to elucidate the mechanisms and effectiveness of rehabilitation treatments. The neglect syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder, and it is not clear which of its symptoms cause ongoing disability. We review current methods of neglect assessment and propose logical approaches to selecting treatments, while acknowledging that further study is still needed before some of these approaches can be translated into routine clinical use. We conclude with systems-level suggestions for hypothesis development that would hopefully form a sound theoretical basis for future approaches to the assessment and treatment of neglect.

The Clinical use of A Water-Chloride Balance Technic

1951 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113-1127
Author(s):  
Cliffqrd F. Gastineau ◽  
Belding H. Scribner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Use

Clinical use of viable frozen human skin

JAMA ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Berggren
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Clinical Use
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