scholarly journals AUTOIMMUNE OOPHORITIS AND THEIR CORRECTION BY GLUCOCORTICOIDS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
T. V. Tupitsyna ◽  
S. V. Logvinov ◽  
O. A. Tikhonovskaya ◽  
M. L. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Autoimmune Oophoritis

Autoimmune oophoritis (AO) is characterized by damage of generative and endocrine elements of the ovaries and leads to the formation of secondary insufficiency of the gonads. A question about the use of glucocorticoids (GC) for the correction of AO remains debatable.Objective: to study the electron-microscopic changes of structural-tissue cells in autoimmune ovariano ophoritis and after its correction by glucocorticoids in the experiment.The material. The experiment was performed on outbred white Mature rats-female. The main group of animals (12 rats) were simulated AO by intra-peritoneal introduction of antigens of ovarian. At 5th day prednisolone was injected to rats («Nycomed», Austria) in the dose of 3 mg/kg of body weight intramuscularly 14-day course. A comparison group (12 rats) were the animals with the model AO no course Ledger therapy. Controlintact rats (6 animals). Taking of the material was carried out by the 20th and the 60th day.Methods. The study of the ultrastructure ovaries were performed using transmission electron microscopy. The material was fixed 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 2% solution of osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethyl alcohols rising concentration and placed in a mixture of resins Epon-Araldite. Sections were prepared on Ultrotom III (LKB, Sweden). To view the drugs used an electron microscope JEM-7A (Japan). Results. On the 20th day of the pilot AO there are significant ultrastructural changes of vessels, concerning mainly endothelial layer. Degenerative and destructive changes affected endocrinocytes in the composition of the libraries and granular, овоциты majority of antral follicles. The 60-day pathologic processes involved and preantral follicles in the medulla develop perivascular fibrosis-sclerotic changes. Holding GC therapy on the 5th day AO reduces ultrastructural breach the walls of blood vessels, limits migration of immune cells in the home defeat on the 20th day. By the 60th day in the conditions of the restored the blood tissue transport is the formation of full-fledged generative elements, confirmed by the results of electron microscopy study.Conclusion. The obtained experimental data are demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the GC-therapy in the early stages of AO.

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

A Comparative Study of Fractographic Replicas

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
Loren Anderson ◽  
Pat Pizzo ◽  
Glen Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Transmission electron microscopy of replicas has long been used to study the fracture surfaces of components which fail in service. Recently, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gained popularity because it allows direct examination of the fracture surface. However, the somewhat lower resolution of the SEM coupled with a restriction on the sample size has served to limit the use of this instrument in investigating in-service failures. It is the intent of this paper to show that scanning electron microscopic examination of conventional negative replicas can be a convenient and reliable technique for determining mode of failure.

Studies of Circular DNA Using a New Electron Microscopic Technique

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
C. N. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Salt Solution ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Cleavage Surface ◽  
Mica Substrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopic Technique

Gordon and Kleinschmidt have described a new preparative technique for visualizing DNA by electron microscopy. This procedure, which is a modification of Hall's “mica substrate technique”, consists of the following steps: (a) K+ ions on the cleavage surface of native mica are exchanged for Al3+ ions by ion exchange. (b) The mica, with Al3+ in the exchange sites on the surface, is placed in a dilute aqueous salt solution of DNA for several minutes; during this period DNA becomes adsorbed on the surface. (c) The mica with adsorbed DNA is removed from the DNA solution, rinsed, dried and visualized for transmission electron microscopy by Hall's platinum pre-shadow replica technique.In previous studies of circular DNA by this technique, most of the molecules seen were either broken to linears or extensively tangled; in general, it was not possible to obtain suitably large samples of open extended molecules for contour length measurements.

Effect of Acetone and Kerosene on Skin Ultrastructure

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
A. P. Lupulescu ◽  
H. Pinkus ◽  
D. J. Birmingham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Human Epidermis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Skin Ultrastructure ◽  
Volar Surface

Our laboratory is engaged in the study of the effect of different chemical agents on human skin, using electron microscopy. Previous investigations revealed that topical use of a strong alkali (NaOH 1N) or acid (HCl 1N), induces ultrastructural changes in the upper layers of human epidermis. In the current experiments, acetone and kerosene, which are primarily lipid solvents, were topically used on the volar surface of the forearm of Caucasian and Negro volunteers. Skin specimens were bioptically removed after 90 min. exposure and 72. hours later, fixed in 3% buffered glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% phosphate osmium tetroxide, then flat embedded in Epon.

The blister of porphyria cutanea tarda: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic study

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Veronika Burmeister ◽  
R. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a disorder of porphyrin metabolism which occurs most often during middle age. The disease is characterized by excessive production of uroporphyrin which causes photosensitivity and skin eruptions on hands and arms, due to minor trauma and exposure to sunlight. The pathology of the blister is well known, being subepidermal with epidermodermal separation, it is not always absolutely clear, whether the basal lamina is attached to the epidermis or the dermis. The purpose of our investigation was to study the attachment of the basement membrane in the blister by comparing scanning with transmission electron microscopy.

Morphologic alteration in the muscles of patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis or myopathy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-223
Author(s):  
T. Shimizu ◽  
Y. Muranaka ◽  
I. Ohta ◽  
N. Honda
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Periodic Paralysis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tubular Aggregates ◽  
Hypokalemic Myopathy ◽  
Transmission Electron

There have been many reports on ultrastructural alterations in muscles of hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hpp) and hypokalemic myopathy(hm). It is stressed in those reports that tubular structures such as tubular aggregates are usually to be found in hpp as a characteristic feature, but not in hm. We analyzed the histological differences between hpp and hm, comparing their clinical manifestations and morphologic changes in muscles. Materials analyzed were biopsied muscles from 18 patients which showed muscular symptoms due to hypokalemia. The muscle specimens were obtained by means of biopsy from quadriceps muscle and fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.4) and analyzed by ordinary method and modified Golgimethod. The ultrathin section were examined in JEOL 200CX transmission electron microscopy.Electron microscopic examinations disclosed dilated t-system and terminal cistern of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)(Fig 1), and an unique structure like “sixad” was occasionally observed in some specimens (Fig 2). Tubular aggregates (Fig 3) and honeycomb structure (Fig 4) were also common characteristic structures in all cases. These ultrastructural changes were common in both the hypokalemic periodic paralysis and the hypokalemic myopathy, regardless of the time of biopsy or the duration of hypokalemia suffered.

TEM comparison of osmium vs osmium with potassium ferricyanide secondary fixatives and the impact of secondary fixative temperature on tissue preservation/contrast quality

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 910-911
Author(s):  
J. W. Horn ◽  
B. J. Dovey-Hartman ◽  
V. P. Meador
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Potassium Ferricyanide ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Solution ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
The Impact

Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is a universally used secondary fixative for routine transmission electron microscopic evaluation of biological specimens. Use of OsO4 results in good ultrastructural preservation and electron density but several factors, such as concentration, length of exposure, and temperature, impact overall results. Potassium ferricyanide, an additive used primarily in combination with OsO4, has mainly been used to enhance the contrast of lipids, glycogen, cell membranes, and membranous organelles. The purpose of this project was to compare the secondary fixative solutions, OsO4 vs. OsO4 with potassium ferricyanide, and secondary fixative temperature for determining which combination gives optimal ultrastructural fixation and enhanced organelle staining/contrast.Fresh rat liver samples were diced to ∼1 mm3 blocks, placed into porous processing capsules/baskets, preserved in buffered 2% formaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, and rinsed with 0.12 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). Tissue processing capsules were separated (3 capsules/secondary fixative.solution) and secondarily fixed (table) for 90 minutes. Tissues were buffer rinsed, dehydrated with ascending concentrations of ethanol solutions, infiltrated, and embedded in epoxy resin.

Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Modifications after Storage in Solid-Organ Preservation Solutions

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Carbognani ◽  
L Spaggiari ◽  
M Rusca ◽  
L Cattelani ◽  
P Solli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Ringer Lactate ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Grading Scale

During lung preservation, the vascular endothelium is probably the first site of damage and these lesions are considered the main limiting factor in solid-organ preservation. In the present study, the ultrastructural changes in the endothelial cells of human pulmonary artery hypothermically stored (at 4 °C) for 6 and 12 h in Euro-Collins, University of Wisconsin and Ringer-lactate solutions were compared. The arteries obtained from three patients who underwent pneumonectomy were divided into 20 segments and preserved in the three solutions mentioned. The specimens, which were fixed in osmic acid, were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the cells stored in the University of Wisconsin solution either for 6 or 12 h were the best preserved, while the most severely damaged cells were those stored in Euro-Collins solution, even after just 6 h. The cells stored in Ringer-lactate showed an intermediate level of damage. The data from an ultrastructural grading scale, which quantified the damage to the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus, were in broad agreement with the general transmission electron microscopy observations. Analysis of variance of the grading scale data showed that there were statistically significant differences between the groups after both 6 and 12 h storage ( P < 0.05).

Light and electron microscopic investigations in the Dictyonemataceae (Basidiolichens)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (20) ◽  
pp. 2565-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Slocum ◽  
Gary L. Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Basidiomycetous Fungus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fungal Symbiosis ◽  
Algal Host ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

The nature of the association between the basidiomycetous mycobiont and the blue-green phycobiont in two species of the tropical basidiolichen Dictyonema was investigated using Nomarski light optics and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Although members of this family may exhibit either a homoiomerous or heteromerous type of thallus organization, the fungus–alga relationship at the cellular level is remarkably consistent. Scytonema filaments are intimately associated with appressorial hyphae of the mycobiont and with extensive intracellular hyphae, which appear to be unrelated to the basidiomycetous fungal symbiont. This is the first report of a lichen displaying an apparent dual fungal symbiosis with the algal host. Association with the intracellular fungus produces no discernible damage to the phycobiont and apparently does not interfere with the symbiosis involving the basidiomycetous fungus.

scholarly journals FIXATION OF NEURAL TISSUES FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY BY PERFUSION WITH SOLUTIONS OF OSMIUM TETROXIDE

1962 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford L. Palay ◽  
S. M. McGee-Russell ◽  
Spencer Gordon ◽  
Mary A. Grillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Structural Relations ◽  
Cellular Components

This paper describes in detail a method for obtaining nearly uniform fixation of the nervous system by vascular perfusion with solutions of osmium tetroxide. Criteria are given for evaluating the degree of success achieved in the preservation of all the cellular components of the nervous system. The method permits analysis of the structural relations between cells at the electron microscopic level to an extent that has not been possible heretofore.

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