scholarly journals Valores compositivos fundamentales del jardín privado chino o la mirada urbana sobre el paisaje a lo largo de su historia hasta la Revolución de 1949

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea González
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Landscape Values ◽  
Japanese Garden ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Republic

La historia del jardín en la cultura china se remonta a la historia de las dinastías Shang y Zhou y continúa a lo largo de las dinastías Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming y Qing hasta la llegada de la República China y la República Popular de China.Los valores artísticos y paisajísticos del jardín en esta cultura se desarrollaron de forma paralela a la historia de la nación y tuvieron una influencia directa sobre la arquitectura doméstica y sobre el jardín de naciones cercanas como Japón.Sus influencias se reflejaron en teorías como el Fengshui y las leyes geománticas y generaron a lo largo de los siglos valores compositivos propios del jardín chino.La conclusion de esta investigación consiste en una asimilación de lo estudiado y en detallar los aspectos compositivos y de diseño, tales como el centro, el límite, el element de la montaña, el vacío, el agua, o el teatro, entre otros. ABSTRACT :This essay starts with a brief description of the history of the garden in the East and introduces the reader into the Chinese culture starting with the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and continuing with the historical development through the Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and the arrival of the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China.In this essay the artistic and landscape values of Chinese culture are described alongside the history of the garden and the influences on the Japanese garden they have had from ancient times until today. These are explained alongside the art of Fengshui, geomantic laws and the main elements that compose the Chinese garden.The conclusion entails a brief assimilation of what has been deduced from the main study. In this part of the essay the compositive and design aspects of the Chinese garden are described, aspects such as centre, limit, the element of the mountain, emptiness, water, and the theatre, among other.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of Archives and Historical Materials in the Study of the History of the Republic of China (1912—1949)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shidong Pei ◽  
Qihang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Historical Materialist ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic

The history of the Republic of China is a very important history in the modern history of our country. During this period, great changes took place in China and the Revolution of 1911 abolished monarchy; then the Communist Party of China led the Chinese people in the struggle for national liberation and established the People’s Republic of China. Therefore, studying the history of the Republic of China is an inevitable requirement for historical development. To this end, this article starts with exploring the research connotation and value of the history of the Republic of China, comprehensively collects archival historical data, insists on using the historical materialist methodology to conduct research on the history of the Republic of China, and discriminates historical materials objectively and fairly. Three aspects have been studied and discussed.

scholarly journals Street Names of Shanghai and Ekaterinburg: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-149
Author(s):  
Mo Li ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina S. Ryabtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Street Naming

The paper presents the findings of a comparative study of street names (hodonyms) in Shanghai and Ekaterinburg in terms of their motivation and historical background. It gives a picture of the main milestones in the history of Shanghai to reveal the general principles of assigning street names: the ancient period associates with natural naming, a particular style of names that modern native speakers regard as classical or “ancient”; the Сoncession Period was marked by a strong European influence in the naming of linear objects; the period after the Xinhai revolution and the period after the formation of the Republic of China are notable by the use of ideological concepts that underlie the naming of city facilities. Based on the semantic classification of hodonyms developed by Yulia A. Kachalkova, the authors distinguish three main groups of street names (memorial, descriptive, and conditionally symbolic), describing features of a specific cultural background behind the formally similar types of names. For instance, the names of mountains inherent in street names in the Chinese culture, besides referring to physical objects, are also symbolic. This brings the authors to identify the street naming patterns that are unique for Russian and Chinese tradition. The hodonymy of Shanghai is peculiar for its appeal to culturally significant texts, the use of fundamental concepts written down in the “old style,” images of mythological animals, whereas in Ekaterinburg a street name typically refers to everyday life and technology. Some examples of structural and semantic differences in the formation of street names are given (namely, the use of syntactically incoherent ideological references in street names of Shanghai at a certain historical stage). It is suggested that some practices of street naming in Shanghai, namely the correlation between the street location and the geographical location of the object it was named by, could be adopted into Russian context.

Surviving Troubled Times on the Borders of China: Sheng Shicai as a Successful Warlord in Xinjiang, 1931–34

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhi Ou
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Frontier Region ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Early Republican

Abstract Ethnicity, religion, and geopolitics affect historians’ interpretations of the history of Xinjiang, a very chaotic frontier region of China that did not come fully under the control of the People’s Republic of China until recent decades. The case of Sheng Shicai, an early Republican Era Chinese military officer, shows how professional training and, most importantly, the ability to capitalize on emerging opportunities contributed to his military success in Xinjiang from 1931 to 1934. This paper analyzes the Republic of China’s government documents, Sheng and his acquaintances’ memoirs, newspaper articles, and other sources to examine how Sheng applied his military training and employed regional and foreign military forces to win battles in northern Xinjiang. Professional military training helped officers to utilize their resources efficiently and take advantage of their geopolitical situations. Amid numerous talented Chinese military officers, Sheng rose in rank and successfully secured Xinjiang as a part of the Republic of China even when Xinjiang’s geopolitics seemed extremely challenging. This study highlights the value of Sheng’s military prowess, something that the literature has not previously appreciated.

scholarly journals Practice of Running Dyeing & Weaving Weekly in the Republic of China and Dissemination of Science and Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Bochong Zhao ◽  
Kehui Deng
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technology Dissemination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Dyeing & Weaving Weekly (1935-1941) is a scientific and technological periodical which has been published for a long time and has never been interrupted in the field of textile in modern China. The journal publishes a large number of the latest achievements in textile science and technology, and is an important historical material and typical case for the study of modern science and technology dissemination. Rich in content, Dyeing & Weaving Weekly focuses on solving practical problems in the textile industry and guiding the direction of scientific research, which not only promotes the dissemination of textile science and technology but also contributes to the development of the textile industry. Therefore, from the perspective of science and technology communication and the history of newspapers and periodicals, this paper examines the practice and communication strategies of Dyeing & Textile Weekly, in order to prove that Dyeing & Textile Weekly has a positive impact on science and technology communication in modern China, and also provides experience reference for the development of contemporary science and technology periodicals in China, which has certain reference significance.

scholarly journals Ruch Nowego Życia w Chinach, 1934–1948

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-525
Author(s):  
Andrzej Demiańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
National Party ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
Sense Of Shame ◽  
Life Movement

In recent decades, there was a notable surge of interest in the history of the Republic of China (1912–1949). New Life Movement (Xin shenghuo yundong) was one of the most important en-deavours undertaken during the so-called Nanjing Decade (1927–1937) — a period of authoritarian rule of Guomindang (National Party), after the triumph of the Northern Expedition and before the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Inaugurated in 1934, this movement sought to revive Confucian virtues and create better society through the promotion of proper behaviour (especially etiquette and hygiene). Virtues, whose realisation in daily life was stated as the goal of the Move-ment, were li — propriety, yi — right action, lian — integrity, and chi — a sense of shame. Later, these goals were expanded to include promotion of militarisation (junshihua), aesthetic uplifting (yishuhua), and improving the production (shengchanhua) in peopleʼs lifestyles. Although the New Life Movement was initiated by Chiang Kai-shek on 19 February 1934 in Nanchang, in many respects it was a continuation of previous policies. To realise the New Life Movement, the Society for the Promotion of the New Life Movement (Xin shenghuo yundong cujin hui) was founded in 1934. Members of different factions in Guomindang participated in its activities. After the first two years, the New Life Movement disappeared from the spotlight, but remained active at least until 1948. During the war, the main task of the movement was participation in war efforts and, after the conflict ended, in post-war recovery. In the end, the New Life Movement failed in realisation of its stated goals. Nevertheless, it seems that its activities were still beneficial for Guomindang’s government. This article presents an outline of history and origins of the New Life Movement, as well as describe its goals and methods. In the end, there will be an evaluation of this important and controversial movement and its place in the history of Guomindang and China.

scholarly journals Mongolia’s Diplomatic Efforts to Join the United Nations and the Changes in the Position of the Great Powers

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Ulambayar Denzenlkham
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Republic

This article discusses Mongolia’s 15 years of diplomatic efforts to join the United Nations, the main factors that influenced it, and the changing policies and positions of the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang of China, the United States, and other great powers. Although the Mongolian People’s Republic was able to join the United Nations in 1946, it was influenced by the Soviet Union’s communist position. Since 1946, Chiang Kai-shek’s Chinese policy and position have been a major obstacle. The history of the Republic of China, which existed on the mainland between 1912 and 1949, was the history of the struggle for power between the warlords, the history of the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communists. In the nearly 40 years since the founding of the Republic of China in 1912, neither the warlords nor the Kuomintang have been able to exercise their sovereignty on the mainland, but they are keen to see Outer Mongolia as part of their territory. The Kuomintang was expelled from the mainland in 1949, shortly after 1946. During the Korean War, initiated by Kim Il-sung, Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong, Mongolia stood firmly behind North Korea, providing both moral and material support. It has not been mentioned anywhere that this resulted in Mongolia’s efforts at the UN being postponed for many years. When Communist China entered the Korean War, the Kuomintang, which fully supported the US-led UN military operation (peacekeeping), not only continuously provoked at the Security Council of the United Nations, but also presented false documents about the MPR - described as “a Chinese territory seized by the Soviet Union” - sending troops to North Korea.The United States, which has recognized the status quo of the Mongolian People’s Republic, has made it clear that it has played an important role in the country’s admission to the United Nations. Thus Mongolia’s attempt finally succeeded and it became the 101st state to join the United Nations. As a consequence, Mongolia’s independence has been approved by a recognize of Western powers and it began to emerge out of its isolation, participate in decision of global issues, and cooperate with the international community. However, not only did this opportunity not be fully exploited, but due to the Cold War, Mongolia became a hotbed of ideological competition between the socialist and capitalist systems at the United Nations, the speakers’ rostrum Nevetheless,Post-Cold War, a whole new era of cooperation between Mongolia and the United Nations began.

scholarly journals History of codification of private law in the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-28
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Avornic ◽  
◽  
Violeta Cojocaru ◽  
Iulian Moraru ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

The division of the entire system of law into public law and private law comes from ancient times, which we have referred to in several previous personal publications. In this article we will analyze the evolution of private law in the Republic of Moldova. Private law constitutes one of the fundamental subdivisions of the science of law as a whole. At the level of the Republic of Moldova, the subdivision in question represents a distinct specific in the context that: (i) it is stratified into numerous branches of law and (ii) it constitutes a symbiosis of several national, supranational and international private legislations that correspond to modern trends of evolution of related social relations. One of the main branches of domestic private law is civil law, namely the rules tangent to the branch of law in question regulate a considerable number of social relations varied in terms of structure and content. This article will briefly address evolutionary-historical aspects of the private law legislation of the Republic of Moldova. In particular, we will analyze the influence of the Model Civil Code of the CIS States, on the one hand, and European legislation, on the other. Historical aspects will be divided into three periods.

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