scholarly journals CO2 assimilation and transpiration balance in species of genus Vitis cultivated in vivo and in vitro. Estimation of stomatal and cuticular transpiration in vitro

OENO One ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Francesco Iacono ◽  
Lucia Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Cuticular Transpiration ◽  
Vitis Riparia

<p style="text-align: justify;">The influence of genotype on leaf gas exchange was investigated for <em>Vitis riparia</em> and <em>Vitis rupestris</em> plants cultured <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Gas exchange was measured at constant temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density and at varying relative humidity from 75 p. cent to 65 p. cent.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Differences of transpiration and CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rates between genotypes were observed that did not depend upon conditions. Water use efficiency was strongly controlled by the genotype.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Linear correlations between assimilation, transpiration and relative humidity were used to estimate extra stomatal (cuticular) and stomatal transpiration of <em>in vitro</em> plants. Cuticular transpiration of in vitro plants was also measured directly during the darkness. Our results confirmed the indirect estimates of cuticular transpiration elaborated with a linear regression model. Results also show that cuticular transpiration of <em>in vitro</em> grown plants may be relevant and is strongly influenced by the genotype. Similarly, the sensitivity of plantlets to transplantation from <em>in vitro</em> to <em>in vivo</em> conditions may be strongly related by the genotype.</p>

scholarly journals Red and Blue Netting Alters Leaf Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Apple Trees

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Richard M. Bastías ◽  
Pasquale Losciale ◽  
Camilla Chieco ◽  
Luca Corelli-Grappadelli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

There is little information about the role of red and blue light on leaf morphology and physiology in fruit trees, and more studies have been developed in herbaceous plants grown under controlled light conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of red and blue screens on morpho-anatomy and gas exchange in apple leaves grown under ambient sunlight conditions. Apple trees cv. Fuji were covered by 40% red and blue nets, leaving trees with 20% white net as control. Light relations (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD; red to far-red light ratio, R/FR and blue to red light ratio, B/R), morpho-anatomical features of the leaf (palisade to spongy mesophyll ratio, P/S, and stomata density, SD) and leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis rate, An; stomatal conductance, gs; transpiration rate, E; and intrinsic water use efficiency, IWUE) were evaluated. Red and blue nets reduced 27% PPFD, reducing by 20% SD and 25% P/S compared to control, but without negative effects on An and gs. Blue net increased gs 21%, leading to the highest E and lowest IWUE by increment of B/R light proportion. These findings demonstrate the potential use of red and blue nets for differential modulation of apple leaf gas exchange through sunlight management under field conditions.

scholarly journals Increased CO2 and Light Promote in Vitro Shoot Growth and Development of Theobroma cacao

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Figueira ◽  
Anna Whipkey ◽  
Jules Janick
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Cotyledonary Nodes

Axillary shoots of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), induced in vitro with cytokinins (BA or TDZ), elongated and produced leaves only in the presence of cotyledons and/or roots. Detached axillary shoots, which do not grow in `vitro under conventional tissue culture protocols, rooted with auxin and developed normally in vivo. Detached axillary shoots from cotyledonary nodes and single-node cuttings from mature plants were induced to elongate and produce normal leaves in the presence of 20,000 ppm CO2 and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 150 to 200 μmol·s-1·m-2. Subculture nodal cuttings continued to elongate and produce leaves under elevated CO2 and light levels, and some formed roots. Subculture of microcuttings under CO2 enrichment could be the basis for a rapid system of micropropagation for cacao. Chemical names used: N -(phenylmethyl) -1 H -purin-6-amine (BA); 1 H -indole-3-butyric `acid (IBA); α -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron (TDZ).

scholarly journals Biofertlizer Lumbrical improves the growth and ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lilyana Nacheva ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Danuta Kulpa
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In vitro micropropagation of plants is highly useful for obtaining large quantities of planting material with valuable economic qualities. However, plantlets grow in vitro in a specific environment and the adaptation after the transfer to ex vitro conditions is difficult. Therefore, the acclimatization is a key step, which mostly determines the success of micropropagation. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of the biofertlizer Lumbrical on ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear rootstock OHF 333 (Pyrus communis L.). Micropropagated and rooted plantlets were potted in peat and perlite (2:1) mixture with or without Lumbrical. They were grown in a growth chamber at a temperature of 22&plusmn;2 &deg;C and photoperiod of 16/8 hours supplied by cool-white fluorescent lamps (150 &micro;mol m-2 s-1 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). The plants were covered with transparent foil to maintain the high humidity, and ten days later, the humidity was gradually decreased. Biometric parameters, anatomic-morphological analyses, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP test) were measured 21 days after transplanting the plants to ex vitro conditions. The obtained results showed that the plants, acclimatized ex vitro in the substrate with Lumbrical, presented better growth (stem length, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh mass) and photosynthetic characteristics as compared to the control plants. This biostimulator could also be used to improve acclimatization in other woody species

scholarly journals Intensity of bitterness of processed yerba mate leaves originated in two contrasted light environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Rakocevic ◽  
Moacir José Sales Medrado ◽  
Fernando Lucambio ◽  
Alice Teresa Valduga
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate

The bitterness intensity of beverage prepared from the leaves produced on the males and females of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), grown in the forest understory and monoculture, was evaluated. The leaves were grouped by their position (in the crown and on the branch tips) and by the leaf age. The leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density were observed. Inter and intra-specific competition for light and self-shading showed the same effect on yerba mate beverage taste. All the shading types resulted in bitterer taste of the processed yerba mate leaves compared to the leaves originated under the direct sun exposure. The leaves from the plants grown in the monoculture showed less bitterness than those grown in the forest understory. This conclusion was completely opposite to the conventionally accepted paradigm of the yerba mate industries. The leaves from the tips (younger leaves) of the plants grown in the monoculture resulted a beverage of softer taste; the males produced less bitter leaves in any light environment (forest understory or in the crown in monoculture). The taste was related to the photosynthetic and transpiration rate, and leaf temperature. Stronger bitterness of the leaves provided from the shade conditions was related to the decreased leaf temperature and transpiration in the diurnal scale.

scholarly journals The effects of linght emitting diode lighting on growth and development of A. annanesis and A. roxburghii in vitro cultured shoots

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Phan Xuan Binh Minh ◽  
Bui Thi Thanh Phuong ◽  
Pham Huong Son ◽  
Tran Minh Hoi ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Endangered Plants ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Suitable Habitats

A. annamensis and A. roxburghii belong to Orchidaceae family that has medicinal and ornamental plant value. They are in extinct endangered plants in wild due to the over- collected and loss of the suitable habitats. Using the LED lighting source for culture these species in in vitro condition to optimize the culture conditions, reduction of the production cost, especially electric bill for air-corditionning, lighting. In recent years, the trial applied LED which has the feature of energy saving, small size and a longer operating life, for plant production has started. In this study, LED illumination sources are in four different wavelengths of λ= 430- 470 nm; λ= 470-510 nm; λ= 510-560 nm; λ= 560-600 nm and white fluorescent lamp as control with light intensity photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 40 µmol/m2/s photon used to study their effects on the growth and development of A. annamensis and A. roxburghii species. After 8 weeks of implementing, the results showed that the LEDs of λ= 470-510 nm were suitable for the growth and development for A. roxburghii shoots while for A. annamensis, λ = 430- 470 nm were most suitable for budding and λ= 470-510 nm for shoot growth. Citation: Phan Xuan Binh Minh, Bui Thi Thanh Phuong, Pham Huong Son, Tran Minh Hoi, Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan, Vu Thi Thao, 2018. The effects of linght emitting diode lighting on growth and development of A. annanesis and A. roxburghii in vitro cultured shoots. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 40(1): x-xx. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v40n1.10636. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received 23 August 2017, accepted 2 December 2017

CARBON GAIN IN COFFEA ARABICA DURING CLEAR AND CLOUDY DAYS IN THE WET SEASON

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. RONQUIM ◽  
C. H. B. A. PRADO ◽  
P. NOVAES ◽  
J. I. FAHL ◽  
C. C. RONQUIM
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Wet Season

Three cultivars of Coffea arabica, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81, Icatu Amarelo IAC 2944 and Obatã IAC 1669–20, were evaluated in relation to leaf gas exchange and potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II under field conditions on clear and cloudy days in the wet season in southeast Brazil. Independent of levels of irradiance, leaf water potential (υleaf) values were always higher than the minimum required to affect daily net photosynthesis (PN). PN, stomatal conductance (gs), leaf transpiration (E) and the index of photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) declined on a clear day in all cultivars. The depression of leaf gas exchange and Fv/Fm (specially around midday) caused a strong decrease (about 70 %) in daily carbon gain on a clear day. Under cloudless conditions, gs and PN were correlated with the air vapour pressure deficit (VPDair), but not with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) values. On a cloudy day, the daily carbon gain was barely limited by PPFD below 800 μmol m−2 s−1, the Fv/Fm values showed a slight decrease around midday, and gs and PN were positively correlated with PPFD but not with VPDair. By contrast, irrespective of the contrasting irradiance conditions during the day, PN and E were correlated with gs.

scholarly journals Gas exchange in gariroba palms grown under subtropical conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Valéria A Modolo ◽  
Norma M Erismann ◽  
Maria LS Tucci
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Autumn And Winter

ABSTRACT Gariroba palm, native to Brazil, produces bitter heart-of-palm, consumed as vegetable in salads, as well as in other Brazilian recipes. This research was carried out in field condition to evaluate diurnal and seasonal variation of gas exchange of gariroba palms cultivated under subtropical conditions, considering their interrelation with some climate elements. Plants were evaluated within two consecutive years, grown under field conditions and irrigated, spaced 2x1 m. Net assimilation of CO2 (PN), stomatal conductance (g s ), transpiration (E), leaf temperature (T l ) within the chamber and the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were evaluated. Water use efficiency (WUE) was estimated by the ratio: WUE = PN/E. Net CO2 assimilation (PN), showed a plateau in May, observed from 9:30 to 14 h, reaching an average of 5.4 μmol m-2s-1, then declining toward late afternoon. As far as August is concerned, PN increased from the early morning until 11 h, reaching the maximum value of 9.0 µmol m-2s-1. From then on it decreased reaching 6.0 µmol m-2s-1 at 14 h. Gariroba palms cultivated and even under lower autumn and winter temperatures presented gas exchange characteristics consistent to climatic elements.

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