Influence of flowers per cluster, fruit-set and berry weight on cluster weight in Verdejo grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Estimation of yield has always been one of the greatest concerns in the wine-making industry, which is why researchers have attempted to create models and methods that make accurate predictions. However, the variability of the yield components, which depends on the environmental factors, like light and temperature, and on cultural and natural factors which affect vigor, water status, photosynthetic and hormonal activity and the accumulation of reserve substances, make the prediction of the future harvest very difficult to calculate. In certain situations, fertility expressed as the number of bunches, tends to display very stable values from one harvest to the next. The weight of the cluster is the performance factor that has the greatest variability and mostly causes the variations in production. In this report, we analyze the influence of the number of flowers per cluster, the fruit-set percentage, the number of berries per cluster and the berry weight in the variability of the cluster weight of the Verdejo variety (Vitis vinifera L.). The cluster weight and its components have been determined along canes of 6 and 10 buds, in the harvests of 1999, 2000 and 2001. The yield component upon which cluster weight variation fundamentally depends has been the number of berries it contains, whereas the berry weight has had much less of an effect. The number of berries per cluster is mainly determined by the number of flowers per inflorescence, a yield component which has gone so far as to explain, by itself, an average of 75%of the variability in the number of berries per cluster and 70 % of the variability of the cluster weight. Despite the possible influence that the fruit-set percentage may have on the variability in the number of berries per cluster, measuring the number of flowers per inflorescence would make it possible to know, to a reasonable level of accuracy, the future number of berries per cluster long before the harvest date. At the same time, if a yield estimate is not needed far in advance, prediction of the future cluster weight can be determined by measuring the number of berries per cluster 15 or 20 days after fruit-set time, when the falling of small fruits is right minimal. In any case, whether by using the number of flowers per inflorescence or the number of berries per cluster, the berry weight on the harvest date would be the only yield component that would require estimation, which is usually much easier to achieve due to the lesser variability seen in this parameter.

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Effects of ripening conditions on the following season's growth and yield components for Pinot noir and Gewurztraminer grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in a controlled environment

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2003.37.1.1682 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Eric Duchêne ◽

Nathalie Jaegli ◽

R. Salber ◽

Jean-Pierre Gaudillère

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Yield Components ◽

Free Amino ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Controlled Environment

Two levels of leaf/area ratio were created for two varieties of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in a glasshouse. Carbohydrate and free amino acids concentrations in the pruning wood were significantly reduced when the leaf/fruit ratio was low. In the following season, growth parameters were affected as well as yield components such as the number of shoots per plant, the number of inflorescences per shoot, the number of flowers per inflorescence and the number of berries per cluster. Fruit set was however not altered. Weight of grapes at fruit set was reduced by 68% for Gewurztraminer and by 46 % for Pinot noir.

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Poolen Source Affects Yield Components and Reproductive Fertility of Four Half-high Blueberry Cultivars

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.119.1.84 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 84-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Richard E. Harrison ◽

James J. Luby ◽

Peter D. Ascher

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Seed Set ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Seed Formation ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Berry Weight ◽

Self Pollination ◽

Fruit And Seed Set

Pollination of the half-high blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L./V. anugustifolium Ait.) cultivars St. Cloud, Northsky, Northcountry, and Northblue with self, outcross, and outcross/self pollen mixtures suggests that outcross fertilization maximizes percent fruit set, berry weight, seeds per berry, and seeds per pollination while minimizing days to harvest. Based on these results, mixed plantings of at least two blueberry cultivars are recommended for these cultivars. Fruit and seed set were negatively associated with increased percentages of self pollen in outcross/self pollen mixtures. These responses were linear for `Northblue' due to a tendency to parthenocarpy, and nonlinear for `St. Cloud', `Northsky', and `Northcountry', due to low fruit set following self-pollination. These data indicate that post-fertilization abortion affected seed formation, which was, in turn, correlated positively with fruit set.

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Increasing Honey Bee Hive Densities Promotes Pollination and Yield Components of Highbush Blueberry in Western Washington

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12644-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 191-194

Author(s):

Matthew Arrington ◽

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Keyword(s):

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Yield Components ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Seed Number ◽

Berry Weight ◽

Berry Size ◽

Western Washington

Yield components including fruit set and berry size in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) can be limited in key production regions like western Washington. Climactic conditions influence the activity levels of blueberry’s primary commercial pollinator, honey bee (Apis mellifera). Cool springs with frequent rainfall, which are common during the spring bloom period in western Washington, can reduce honey bee activity, pollination efficiency, and subsequent fruit set and yields. Increasing honey bee hive density may be a simple technique that growers can employ to increase the number of honey bees foraging during periods of good weather, interspersed with the poor weather, and therefore, increase fruit set and related yield components. The objective of this study was to evaluate if increased honey bee hive densities improve pollination and subsequent yield components in western Washington blueberry. Three field sites with mature ‘Duke’ plants were stocked with 10 hives/ha of honey bees (control), and three other field sites (also ‘Duke’) were stocked with 20 hives/ha (high hive density). Honey bee visitation and yield components, including fruit set and berry weight, were measured. Estimated yield, seed number/berry, and fruit firmness were also monitored. There were no significant differences in fruit set regardless of honey bee hive density. However, honey bee visitation and estimated yield increased with increased honey bee hive density. Berry weight and seed number per berry were also increased with increased honey bee hive density, although firmness was unaffected. Results indicate that increasing honey bee hive densities can help blueberry growers improve berry size and overall yields, suggesting this is a practice growers can implement if their production is constrained by insufficient pollination.

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CRANBERRY VARIETY FRUIT YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENETS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.258e ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 258E-258

Author(s):

Elissa M. Novy ◽

Nicholi Vorsa

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Genetic Gain ◽

Yield Components ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Unit Area ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Parental Selection ◽

Breeding Objective ◽

Berry Weight ◽

Yield And Yield Components

Accurate estimates of yield and yield components for parental selection would facilitate cranberry breeding efforts. A study was designed to obtain value estimates for traits related to yield. Ten commonly-cultivated varieties grown in a replicated planting, were evaluated in 1991 and 1992 for fruit yield per unit area (FY), average berry weight (BW) and number of berries per unit area, or berry concentration (BC). Averaged over all varieties, FY was significantly greater in 1992. BC was responsible for higher yields in 1992. Regression analysis revealed that BC accounted for more of the variation in FY than did BW in both years. BW accounted for some variation, however, in 1991 when FY was lower. Varieties differed significantly in FY, BW and BC. Hybrid varieties bad significantly greater FY and BW than wild selections. Variation for yield components exists among varieties tested, suggesting genetic gain is possible for yield with additional breeding efforts. In particular, greater fruit set should be emphasized as a breeding objective.

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Cluster-Zone Leaf Removal and GA3 Application at Early Flowering Reduce Bunch Compactness and Yield per Vine in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Gris

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae8010081 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Mario Wegher ◽

Michele Faralli ◽

Massimo Bertamini

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Yield Components ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Training Systems ◽

Berry Quality

Compact bunches have been often associated with higher susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea and therefore reduction in berry quality in grapevine. The objective of this study was to evaluate three management methods (early leaf removal, gibberellic acid, and their combination) for reducing bunch compactness in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot gris trained in two different training systems with contrasting vigor (Guyot and pergola). Treatments were applied at BBCH 62 or BBCH 65 and yield components, total soluble solids, fruit set, and bunch compactness parameters were evaluated. Both treatments individually reduced berry number, mean bunches weight and bunches compactness as well as yield per vine when compared to control-untreated vines. However, no major differences were observed when both the treatments were applied in combination for Guyot or pergola although a higher reduction in yield was detected for Guyot and a significant increase in total soluble solids was observed in pergola. Our study suggests that intense leaf removal and gibberellic acid applied at early flowering can help reducing bunch compactness in Pinot gris and showing it in two training systems. In particular, leaf removal represents a valuable alternative to plant growth regulators (i.e., gibberellic acid) as applicable in organic viticulture.

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Pola Hubungan Nutrisi Tajuk, Morfologi Tajuk, Komponen Tandan dan Komponen Hasil Kelapa Sawit pada Lahan Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v28i1.12291 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saiful Afif Almatholib ◽

Cucu Suherman ◽

Meddy Rachmadi

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Yield Components ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Variable Number ◽

Yield Component ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Plant Samples ◽

Relationship Model

ABSTRACTRelationship models of canopy nutrition, canopy morphology, bunch and yield components of oil palm on peat soil in Central KalimantanThe study was conducted in oil palm plantations with ten years old plant samples, located in Rungun Estate, Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine several factors that affect the variables of canopy nutrition, canopy morphology, bunch and yield components in oil palm and also to determine the relationship between those variables. Observations were conducted on 40 oil palm plant samples at Histosols soil. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results showed that some factors of leaf Ca, rachis Ca, leaf B and leaf Cu affected canopy nutrition variable, number and length of leaflet affected the canopy morphology, while fruit set, stalk weight and stalk thickness for bunch component variable. The obtained relationship model was yield component affected by canopy nutrition through canopy morphology and bunch component.Keywords: Oil palm, Histosols soil, Relationship model, Plant componentABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan tanaman berumur sepuluh tahun yang berlokasi di Rungun Estate, Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi variabel nutrisi tajuk, morfologi tajuk, komponen tandan, dan komponen hasil kelapa sawit serta memperoleh pola hubungan antar variabel tersebut pada tanah Histosols. Hasil penelitian ini digunakan sebagai dasar analisis faktor pembatas produksi sesuai dengan jenis tanahnya. Pengamatan dilakukan pada kelompok tanaman yang berjumlah 40 tanaman di tanah gambut (Histosols). Data dianalisis menggunakan model persamaan struktural (Structural Equation Model) dengan software Smart PLS 3.0. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruh variabel berupa Ca daun, Ca rachis, B daun, dan Cu daun (pada nutrisi tajuk), fruit set, tebal bonggol, dan lebar bonggol (komponen tandan), jumlah anak daun dan panjang anak daun (morfologi tajuk). Pola hubungan yang diperoleh adalah komponen hasil dipengaruhi nutrisi tajuk melalui morfologi tajuk dan komponen tandan.Kata Kunci: Kelapa sawit, Pola hubungan, Komponen tanaman

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The influence of two methods of crop removal at different leaf areas on maturation of Sauvignon blanc (Vitis vinifera L.)

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2014.48.1.1658 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Amber Kaye Parker ◽

Michael C.T. Trought ◽

Rainer W. Hofmann ◽

Andrew R.G. Mclachlan ◽

Cornelis Van Leeuwen

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Integrated System ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Sauvignon Blanc ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Berry Weight ◽

Maturity Parameters

Aim: The research aims to determine if removing all bunches from alternate shoots had the same effect on berry maturity parameters of Sauvignon blanc as removing alternating bunches – apical versus basal – from each shoot.Methods and results: Shortly after fruit set, 50% crop was removed from four-cane vertical shoot positioned (VSP) pruned vines using the two different methods. At the same time, all the shoots were trimmed to six or 12 main leaves. Soluble solids (°Brix), pH, titratable acidity and berry weight were measured weekly from pre-veraison to harvest. Leaf area and yield were also measured at harvest. There were no differences in fruit composition between the two methods of crop removal. However, reducing leaf number per shoot from 12 to six leaves delayed veraison, reduced soluble solids accumulation and reduced berry weight with no additional effect from the thinning treatments.Conclusions: The thinning methods produced no differences in berry maturity parameters of Sauvignon blanc, indicating that carbohydrates can be readily translocated from shoots with no bunches to those with bunches.Significance and impact of the study: Carbohydrate translocation can occur at the whole-vine level where shoots behave as an integrated system and not as individual shoot units, especially under source-limited conditions.

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Timing and Severity of Pruning Effects on Cranberry Yield Components and Fruit Anthocyanin

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.12.1462 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 1462-1464 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bernadine C. Strik ◽

Arthur Poole

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Average Length ◽

Yield Component ◽

Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Total Plant ◽

Conventional Systems

Timing and severity of pruning in a 30-year-old commercial `McFarlin' cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) bed were studied. Treatments in 1989 and 1990 consisted of early or late pruning and heavy, moderate, light, or no pruning. Yield component data were collected in Fall 1989 and 1990, just before harvest. Time of pruning did not affect yield components. In 1989, the unpruned and lightly pruned vines had a higher total plant fresh weight, fewer berries, higher berry yield, longer and more fruiting uprights, and fewer nonfruiting uprights (U,) compared with moderately or heavily pruned vines. Average length of UN and anthocyanin content of berries in 1989 were not influenced by pruning. In 1990, the effects of pruning severity were similar to 1989. In 1990, unpruned vines had a lower percent fruit set and berries contained less anthocyanin than pruned vines. Annual pruning with conventional systems in use decreases yield.

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Spatial variability in Ontario Riesling vineyards: I. Soil, vine water status and vine performance

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.2.2401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 311-333

Author(s):

Andrew Reynolds ◽

James J Willwerth

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Yield Components ◽

Water Status ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Soil Composition ◽

Positioning Systems ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Berry Weight

Aim: The major focus of this research was to explain the so-called terroir effects that impact grapevine yield components, berry composition, and wine varietal character. To elucidate potential contributors to the terroir effect, vine water status [midday leaf water potential (ψ)] was chosen as a major determinant. The hypothesis of this component of the study was that consistent leaf ψ zones could be identified within vineyard sites and that vine water status would play a major role in vine performance and yield components. Soil texture was anticipated to play a role indirectly through its water-holding capacity.Methods and materials: To test this hypothesis, ten Riesling vineyards representative of each Vintners Quality Alliance of Ontario sub-appellation were selected within the Niagara Peninsula. These vineyards were delineated using global positioning systems and 75–80 sentinel vines were geo-referenced within a sampling grid for data collection. During the 2005–2007 growing seasons, leaf ψ measurements were collected bi-weekly from a subset of these sentinel vines. Data were collected on soil texture and composition, soil water content (SWC), vine performance and yield components. These variables were mapped using geographical information systems software and relationships between them were elucidated.Results: Vineyards were variable in terms of soil texture, composition, nutrition, and moisture. However, in general, few consistent relationships with soil composition variables were found. As hypothesized, consistent leaf ψ zones were identified within vineyards in all three vintages. Some geospatial patterns and relationships were spatially and temporally stable within vineyards. In many cases, spatial distribution of leaf ψ was temporally stable within vineyards despite different weather conditions during each growing season. Spatial trends within vineyards for SWC and leaf ψ were temporally stable over the 3-year period for eight vineyards. Generally, spatial relationships between leaf ψ, SWC, vine size, berry weight and yield were also temporally stable. Some inconsistencies in spatial distribution of variables were attributable to winter injury.Conclusions: Many viticultural variables such as leaf ψ, vine size, berry weight, and yield were spatially variable and, as hypothesized, consistent leaf ψ zones were identified within vineyards in three distinct vintages. Many geospatial patterns and relationships were determined and were temporally stable, and this temporal stability in these variables occurred despite different growing seasons. The strongest relationships were those concerning leaf ψ, SWC, vine size, and berry weight. No consistent relationships were found concerning soil composition. The most consistent soil variables that impacted vine performance and yield components were physical properties, particularly texture.Significance and impact of the study: Soil had some indirect effects, but leaf ψ was more likely a major contributor to the terroir effect, as it had a major impact on vine size, berry weight and yield in many vineyards across multiple vintages. Temporal stability is required for many practical geomatic applications to be initiated in vineyards, but it is also of importance to future research endeavors for this project as well as others.

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