scholarly journals Climate vs grapevine pests and diseases worldwide: the first results of a global survey

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bois ◽  
S. Zito ◽  
A. Calonnec
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grapevine Disease

Aim: This paper aimed to address the relationship between grapevine disease, pest occurrences and climate. The extremely large extension of viticulture worldwide offers the possibility to evaluate the impacts of climate variability on many aspects of the grape growing system. For this, we initiated a global survey to retrieve the most important diseases and pests in many grape growing regions worldwide and to identify the risk of exposure to pests and diseases of viticulture as a function of climate.Methods and results: Based on the answer of respondent about the main reported diseases/pests in their region, a severity index was calculated. Each region was geolocalised and data were compared to the WorldClim gridded climate database to document the range of climate conditions (growing season temperature and rainfall) associated to the main diseases/pests. The potential climatic-induced changes of grapevine disease and pest geography by 2050 are assessed using agro-climate projections from the ARPEGE CNRM model, using the RCP 4.5 scenario. The preliminary results allow to determine the distribution of diseases as function of agroclimatic indicators.Conclusion: While the distribution of diseases differs according to the region of the world, the current analysis suggests that mildews remain the major phytosanitary threat in most of the regions. Powdery mildew, trunk diseases and viruses were reported in extremely diverse climatic conditions, including intermediate and wet regions. Significance and impact of the study: This paper present an original methodology to address the relationship between grapevine disease and pest occurrences and climate. Such documentation is scarce in the current literature. Further analysis is currently being performed, including additional survey answers, climate indices and supplementary data collected (spatial extension, frequency of treatments…) to better depict the challenges of grapevine phytosanitary management in a changing climate.

scholarly journals Climate vs grapevine pests and diseases worldwide: the first results of a global survey

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bois ◽  
S. Zito ◽  
A. Calonnec
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grapevine Disease

<p class="Abstract"><strong>Aim:</strong> This paper aimed to address the relationship between grapevine disease, pest occurrences and climate. The extremely large extension of viticulture worldwide offers the possibility to evaluate the impacts of climate variability on many aspects of the grape growing system. For this, we initiated a global survey to retrieve the most important diseases and pests in many grape growing regions worldwide and to identify the risk of exposure to pests and diseases of viticulture as a function of climate.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Methods and results:</strong> Based on the answer of respondent about the main reported diseases/pests in their region, a severity index was calculated. Each region was geolocalised and data were compared to the WorldClim gridded climate database to document the range of climate conditions (growing season temperature and rainfall) associated to the main diseases/pests. The potential climatic-induced changes of grapevine disease and pest geography by 2050 are assessed using agro-climate projections from the ARPEGE CNRM model, using the RCP 4.5 scenario. The preliminary results allow to determine the distribution of diseases as function of agroclimatic indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> While the distribution of diseases differs according to the region of the world, the current analysis suggests that mildews remain the major phytosanitary threat in most of the regions. Powdery mildew, trunk diseases and viruses were reported in extremely diverse climatic conditions, including intermediate and wet regions. </p><p><strong>Significance and impact of the study:</strong> This paper present an original methodology to address the relationship between grapevine disease and pest occurrences and climate. Such documentation is scarce in the current literature. Further analysis is currently being performed, including additional survey answers, climate indices and supplementary data collected (spatial extension, frequency of treatments…) to better depict the challenges of grapevine phytosanitary management in a changing climate.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating the Tourist Climate Comfortable Period of China in a Changing Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Yu ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Zhong-Yang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Changing Climate

The evaluation of climate comfort for tourism can provide information for tourists selecting destinations and tourism operators. Understanding how climate conditions for tourism evolve is increasingly important for strategic tourism planning, particularly in rapidly developing tourism markets like China in a changing climate. Multidimensional climate indices are needed to evaluate climate for tourism, and previous studies in China have used the much criticized “climate index” with low resolution climate data. This study uses the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and daily data from 775 weather stations to examine interregional differences in the tourist climate comfortable period (TCCP) across China and summarizes the spatiotemporal evolution of TCCP from 1981 to 2010 in a changing climate. Overall, most areas in China have an “excellent” climate for tourism, such that tourists may visit anytime with many choices available. The TCCP in most regions shows an increasing trend, and China benefits more from positive effects of climate change in climatic conditions for tourism, especially in spring and autumn. These results can provide some scientific evidence for understanding human settlement environmental constructions and further contribute in improving local or regional resilience responding to global climate change.

scholarly journals Influence of Climate Conditions on the Temporal Development of Wheat Yields in a Long-Term Experiment in an Area with Pleistocene Loess

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Heil ◽  
Anna Lehner ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Late Spring Frost

Field experiments were conducted to test different agronomic practices, such as soil cultivation, fertilization, and pest and weed management, in highly controlled plot cultivation. The inter-annual yields and the interpretation of such experiments is highly affected by the variability of climatic conditions and fertilization level. We examined the effect of different climate indices, such as winterkill, late spring frost, early autumn frost, different drought parameters, precipitation-free periods, and heat-related stress, on winter wheat yield. This experiment was conducted in an agricultural area with highly fertile conditions, characterized by a high available water capacity and considerable C and N contents in lower soil depths. Residuals were calculated from long-term yield trends with a validated method (time series autoregressive integrated moving average ARIMA) and these served as base values for the detection of climate-induced, short-term, and inter-annual variations. In a subsequent step, the real yield values were used for their derivations from climate factors. Residuals and real yields were correlated with climate variables in multiple regression of quantitative analyses of the yield sensitivity. The inter-annual variation of yields varied considerably within the observation period. However, the variation was less an effect of the climatic conditions during the main growing time periods, being more of an effect of the prevailing climate conditions in the winter period as well as of the transition periods from winter to the warmer season and vice versa. The high storage capacity of plant available water exerted a remarkable dampening effect on drought-induced effects during the main vegetation periods. Increasing fertilization led to increased susceptibility to drought stress. The results indicate a changed picture of the yield development in these fertile locations.

scholarly journals Using Seasonal Climate Variability Forecasts to Plan Forest Plantation Establishment

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Breuer ◽  
Matthew Langholtz ◽  
David Zierden ◽  
Clyde Fraisse
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Climate ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
High Level

Atmospheric scientists are now able to predict seasonal climate variations, with a relatively high level of skill. Knowledge of climatic conditions allows us to develop a seasonal management strategy for forest plantations and managed natural forests. Areas of application include seedling establishment, preparing for pests and diseases, fire management, harvest schedules and inventory management. This publication provides strategies to consider for pine plantation establishment in Florida and southern Alabama and Georgia. Seasonal climate conditions can be better predicted for this region because it is affected by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. This document is ABE354, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Sciences, University of Florida. Published November 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae282

scholarly journals Assessing the Impacts of Climate Variability on Livelihood Assets in Marigat and Mogotio Sub-County, Baringo County, Kenya

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ezenwa, Lilian I. ◽  
Ibe, Geraldine O. ◽  
Ochor N. ◽  
Ogbonna Onyekachi A.
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Livelihood Assets

This study assessed the various effects of variability in climatic conditions to the means of livelihood and assessed the impacts of climatic conditions like temperature and rainfall on the livelihood assets of the indigenes of Baringo County, which include: livestock, health, agricultural and tree crops, water bodies. A multi-stage sampling technique was applied, using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Primary data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire while secondary data was obtained from the Meteorological Department Nairobi, Kenya. Data obtained were analysed using frequency distribution, trend analysis, percentage and means, as well as multiple regression analysis. A total of 338 respondents were sampled. Variability in rainfall and temperature significantly affected the livelihood assets of the rural populace. It was observed that 78.7% of the respondents in are informed of climate change, mostly through the media (34.62%). Climate variability to a high extent results in drought (X=3.78), crop pests and diseases (X=3.65), livestock pests and diseases (X=3.70) and cases of human diseases (X=4.01). 94.38% of the rural populace in Baringo County experience food insecurity due to climate variability. Climate variability in temperature and rainfall affected general economic activities of the counties at every level of statistical significance even as high variability in climate conditions affected the rural population in Kenya majorly in the areas of drought 60%, the quantity of meal 31.7% and income 29.6 %. This study, therefore, concluded that climate variables will affect the ecosystems and most likely will alter the economic and physical factors including income, general health and well-being of the rural populace in Baringo County, Kenya.  

Volatile Climate Conditions Cahokia: Comment on Benson, Pauketat and Cook 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 978-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Nolan ◽  
Robert A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Social Complexity ◽  
Palmer Drought Severity Index ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
American Bottom ◽  
Drought Severity Index ◽  
Made In

The rapidly growing archaeological literature on Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) reconstructions (e.g., Benson et al. 2007; Cooper 2008; Stahle et al. 2007) demonstrates the significant gains that can be made in explaining cultural developments in prehistory when appropriate climate data are available. Benson et al. (2009) added to this literature with an analysis of the climatic conditions associated with peak social complexity in the American Bottom. They focus on abundance of precipitation. We applaud their effort and offer an additional perspective on the development of social complexity using the same data, by highlighting the importance of variability in conditioning complexity.

scholarly journals Development of reliable future climatic projections to assess hydro-meteorological implications in the Western Lake Erie Basin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushant Mehan ◽  
Margaret W. Gitau ◽  
Dennis C. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Lake Erie ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Power Transformation ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Western Lake Erie

Abstract. Modeling efforts to simulate hydrologic processes under different climate conditions rely on accurate input data; inaccuracies in climate projections can lead to incorrect decisions. This study aimed to develop a reliable climate (precipitation and temperature) database for the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) for the 21st century. Two statistically downscaled bias-corrected sources of climate projections (GDO and MACA) were tested for their effectiveness in simulating historic climate (1966–2005) using ground-based station data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). MACA was found to have less bias than GDO and was better in simulating certain climate indices, thus, its climate projections were subsequently tested with different bias correction methods including the power transformation method, variance scaling of temperature, and Stochastic Weather Generators. The power transformation method outperformed the other methods and was used in bias corrections for 2006 to 2099. From the analysis, maximum one-day precipitation could vary between 120 and 650 mm across the basin, while the number of days with no precipitation could reduce by 5–15 % under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The number of wet sequences could increase up to 9 times and the conditional probability of having a wet day followed by wet day could decrease by 25 %. The maximum and minimum daily air temperatures could increase by 2–12 % while the annual number of days for optimal corn growth could decrease by 0–10 days. The resulting climate database will be made accessible through an open-access platform.

scholarly journals Analysis and impact of recent climate trends on grape composition in north-east Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Cogato ◽  
Franco Meggio ◽  
Francesco Pirotti ◽  
Alberto Cristante ◽  
Francesco Marinello
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
Recent Climate

Climate is the most relevant factor influencing the ripening of high quality grapes to produce a given wine style. This notion should be taken into account, given the increase of extreme weather events (EWE) related to climate change. Under this evolving climate scenario, North-East Italian wine regions have seen a recent expansion, potentially disregarding optimal planting choices. The use of marginal land, indeed, could lead to the establishment of vineyards in areas where it is not possible to take advantage of the best row orientation, slope and aspect. Under these conditions, the consequences of some EWE may be more severe. The objective of this study is to verify whether planting options in combination with climate conditions, may affect yield and fruit quality. An area localised in Northern Italy was analysed for row orientation and slope, taking advantage of QGIS tools. The area was also examined for climate conditions, using weather conditions and climate indices. Such variables were combined with 10-year yield and must composition of four varieties (Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Merlot and Glera) by using linear regression. The paper reports the most significant relationships between climatic conditions and grapevine composition. The results showed high positive correlation between sugar concentration and the number of frost days during the year in three varieties. The sugar content was positively correlated with the relative humidity in June in three varieties and negatively correlated with the number of days with a temperature >25°C during the month of June in two varieties. The content of tartaric acid showed high correlations with thermal indices of May in all varieties.

The Methow Beaver Project: the Challenges of an Ecosystem Services Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Philip Brick ◽  
Kent Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Natural Resource Policy ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Climate Conditions

This case explores the Methow Beaver Project (MBP), an ambitious experiment to restore beaver (Castor canadensis) to a high mountain watershed in Washington State, USA. The Pacific Northwest is already experiencing weather regimes consistent with longer term climate projections, which predict longer and drier summers and stronger and wetter winter storms. Ironically, this combination makes imperative more water storage in one of the most heavily dammed regions in the nation. Although the positive role that beaver can play in watershed enhancement has been well known for decades, no project has previously attempted to re-introduce beaver on a watershed scale with a rigorous monitoring protocol designed to document improved water storage and temperature conditions needed for human uses and aquatic species. While the MBP has demonstrated that beaver can be re-introduced on a watershed scale, it has been much more difficult to scientifically demonstrate positive changes in water retention and stream temperature, given hydrologic complexity, unprecedented fire and floods, and the fact that beaver are highly mobile. This case study can help environmental studies students and natural resource policy professionals think about the broader challenges of diffuse, ecosystem services approaches to climate adaptation. Beaver-produced watershed improvements will remain difficult to quantify and verify, and thus will likely remain less attractive to water planners than conventional storage dams. But as climate conditions put additional pressure on such infrastructure, it is worth considering how beaver might be employed to augment watershed storage capacity, even if this capacity is likely to remain at least in part inscrutable.

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