Arsenate-Resistant Genes in Egyptian Rice Cultivars as Soil Pollution Sensors

10.20944/preprints201706.0086.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Elsayed E. Hafez ◽

Ebtesam A. El. Bestawy ◽

Mohamed A. Rashad ◽

Sayed M. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Soil Pollution ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Arbitrary Primers ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Resistant Genes

The main objective of the present study was to investigate arsenate [As (V)] resistance genes in rice cultivars grown in arsenic contaminated Egyptian soil in order to genetically induce resistance against arsenic in the local rice varieties as well as defining contaminated rice grains and/or soil. Three local rice cultivars; Sakha 102-104 were cultivated on modified Murashige and Skoog Basal Medium (MS medium) containing elevated concentrations of arsenate (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l). The three varieties showed different resistant attitudes against arsenate with Sakha 104 being the most resistant. Extracted messenger RNA (mRNA) from treated and untreated Sakha 104 plantlets was scanned using differential display to demonstrate the arsenate resistant genes using three different arbitrary primers. About 100 different RNAs with (1500 bp - 50 bp) were obtained from which seven were up-regulated genes, subjected to DNA cloning using TOPO TA system and the selected clones were sequenced. The sequence analysis described four genes out of the seven namely disease resistance protein RPM1, Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1-like, CwfJ family protein and outer membrane lipoprotein OmlA while the other three genes were hypothetical proteins. It is concluded the four induced genes in the resistant rice cultivar considered as a direct response to arsenic soil pollution. Genes detected in the present study can be used as geno-sensors for rice grains and soil contamination with As (V). Moreover, local rice cultivars may be genetically modified with such genes to induce high resistance and to overcome arsenic soil pollution.

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Gene-specific marker screening and disease reaction validation of blast resistant genes, Pid3, Pigm and Pi54 in Thai landrace rice germplasm and recommended rice varieties

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262119000224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 421-426

Author(s):

Wattanaporn Teerasan ◽

Ing-on Srikaew ◽

Kritkittisak Phaitreejit ◽

Sureeporn Kate-Ngam ◽

Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat

Keyword(s):

Rice Blast ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Disease Resistance Gene ◽

Specific Marker ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

The North ◽

Resistant Genes

AbstractRice blast caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice production worldwide. Information on rice varieties with the blast disease resistance gene is important for rice cultivar development. This study identified rice blast resistant genes in 226 rice cultivars including 203 Thai landrace rice cultivars (19 upland rice cultivars from the North, 99 lowland rice cultivars from the Northeast, 45 floating rice cultivars from the Northeast and 40 cultivars from the South), 21 recommended rice varieties and two susceptible varieties ‘KDML105’ and ‘Nipponbare’ by using gene-specific markers for the blast resistant genes Pid3, Pi54 and Pigm. Results showed that 159 cultivars have at least one resistant gene and four cultivars have all three resistant genes. These results indicate that Thai landrace rice is a valuable source of rice blast resistant genes for rice breeding programmes.

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Effect of Furrow Irrigation on the Severity of False Smut in Susceptible Rice Varieties

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-5-0570 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 570-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Steven A. Brooks ◽

Merle M. Anders ◽

Kathleen M. Yeater

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Practices ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Effective Field ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Southern United States ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽

False Smut

False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) is an important emerging disease of rice (Oryza sativa) in the southern United States, where all major rice cultivars and hybrids are susceptible to the disease. False smut susceptibility was evaluated in traditional paddy-rice fields and under furrow-irrigated conditions to determine the effects of alternative agricultural practices on the severity of this disease. Highly effective false smut suppression was observed in furrow-irrigated rice, where the disease was nearly eliminated in susceptible rice entries. False smut suppression was observed for two hybrids and one conventional rice cultivar, demonstrating that suppression was not limited to specific germplasm sources. Kernel smut severity was also monitored, but no effect on this disease was observed from the irrigation treatments. Therefore, suppression of disease severity in nonflooded rice appears to be a phenomenon unique to the rice–false smut pathosystem, which can be exploited to achieve effective field resistance to this disease.

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Primary Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Hodgkin Disease of the Ileum Complicating Crohn Disease

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2001-125-0424-pebvah ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 125 (3) ◽

pp. 424-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shiyong Li ◽

Michael J. Borowitz

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Crohn Disease ◽

Terminal Ileum ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Hodgkin Disease ◽

Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Barr Virus Infection

Abstract We describe a case of primary Hodgkin disease of the terminal ileum in a 38-year-old man with Crohn disease of 24 years' duration. The infiltrate was located in an ulcerated fistula involving the terminal ileum and urinary bladder. Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants were characteristically positive for CD15, fascin, and CD30 and showed focal positivity for CD20. Epstein-Barr virus messenger RNA was also detected in the neoplastic cells. Staging revealed no evidence of other lymph node or organ involvement. Although rare, primary gastrointestinal Hodgkin disease arising in the setting of Crohn disease may have a stronger association with Epstein-Barr virus infection than conventional Hodgkin disease.

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Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Yosep S. Mau ◽

Antonius Ndiwa ◽

Shirly Oematan

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Brown Spot ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Spot Disease ◽

Brown Spot Disease

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Oematan SS. 2020. Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1625-1634. Brown spot is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, which could lead to total yield loss. The disease has a worldwide distribution, more specifically in areas where water supply is scarce, most specifically in the dry upland areas. Almost all stages of rice are affected by the disease, where leaves and grains are mostly affected. Considerable differences exist in susceptibility to brown spot among rice varieties, which may cause a large variation in yield loss caused by the disease. Therefore, the resistance level of rice varieties and their yield reduction has to be regularly evaluated and updated. There are only a few reports on the relationship between brown spot severity with yield and yield loss of upland rice, and is even lacking in pigmented upland rice. The objectives of the present study were to assess the brown spot severity and resistance level in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and to elucidate their relationships with yield and yield reduction. Twenty four pigmented upland rice genotypes were evaluated in the field during May to October 2019, and their disease responses and yields were recorded. Disease severity was observed weekly and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for comparison among the genotypes. The relationships between disease severity and AUDPC with yield and yield loss were also examined. The results showed significant variation in brown spot severity and AUDPC, ranging from, respectively, 11.11% to 40.70% and 398.42%-days to 1081.30%-days. Yields and yield losses of test genotypes also varied substantially. Yields under diseased-free and diseased plots ranged from, respectively, 2.34 t ha-1 to 6.13 t ha-1 and 1.68 t ha-1 to 3.74 t ha-1 while yield loss was between 10.46% and 56.15%. Six genotypes were moderately resistant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible and 14 genotypes were susceptible to brown spot. Neither disease severity nor AUDPC had a linear relationship with yield but both exhibited positive and linear relationships with yield loss.

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Morphological Character of Local Irrigated Rice on Farmer Field in North Sulawesi

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v24n1.2018.p1-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Janne H.W. Rembang ◽

Abdul W. Rauf ◽

Joula O.M. Sondakh

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Morphological Character ◽

Grain Morphology ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Leaf Character

<p>Local rice is a potential germplasm as a source of genes that control important properties in rice plants. The research aimed to characterize the morphological character of local rice cultivars of North Sulawesi. The research was conducted from January to June 2015 in North Sulawesi. The method used was the descriptive qualitative method. Exploration was done by collecting samples of local rice cultivars in North Sulawesi. Each cultivar was characterized its morphological characters according to the Characterization and Evaluation Guidelines of Rice Germplasm. The local rice found in North Sulawesi were 10 varieties, namely Pulo Sawah, Superwin, CK, Serwo, Pilihan, Sako, Sito Merah, Sito Putih, TB, and Serayu. There were similarities of the characters from all local rice varieties of North Sulawesi, such as culm (culm strength and culm habit), leaf character (basal leaf sheath color, leaf blade color, collar color, and auricle color), and flower character (panicle exsertion and panicle attitude of branches). The character of grain morphology was very diverse for all local rice varieties of North Sulawesi.</p>

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Rice cultivar selection in an agroforestry system through GGE-biplot and EBLUP

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d221106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Taufan Alam ◽

Priyono Suryanto ◽

Supriyanta Supriyanta ◽

Panjisakti Basunanda ◽

Rani Agustina Wulandari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Cultivar ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Soil Types ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Gge Biplot ◽

Genotype By Environment ◽

Cultivar Selection ◽

Melaleuca Cajuputi

Abstract. Alam T, Suryanto P, Supriyanta, Basunanda P, Wulandari RA, Kastono D, Widyawan MH, Nurmansyah, Taryono. 2021. Rice cultivar selection in an agroforestry system through GGE-biplot and EBLUP. Biodiversitas 22: 4750-4757. Genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) causes differences in the productivity of rice cultivars in agroforestry systems. For this reason, the stability of rice cultivars is an important aspect that should be considered before a cultivar is recommended to farmers. Superior genotypes and ideal environments are commonly identified using two statistical models, namely, genotype–genotype-by-environment biplot (GGE-biplot) and empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP). In this study, 15 rice cultivars were evaluated in terms of their productivity and stability in three soil types (Lithic Haplusterts, Ustic Epiaquerts, and Vertic Haplustalfs) in an agroforestry system with kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) in 2019 and 2020 at the Menggoran Forest Resort, Playen Forest Section, Yogyakarta Forest Management District, Indonesia. The cultivars were treated as random effects to select and obtain the EBLUP of the best cultivars in each soil type. The EBLUP revealed that Situ Patenggang showed the highest yields of 4.887 and 5.456 tons ha?1 in Lithic Haplusterts and Vertic Haplustalfs, respectively. GM 28 exhibited the highest yield of 6.492 tons ha?1 in Ustic Epiaquerts. Ciherang, GM 2, GM 8, GM 11, GM 28, Inpari 6 Jete, Inpari 33, IR-64, and Way Apo Buru were classified as stable and fairly stable cultivars, whereas the other cultivars were unstable. Therefore, rice cultivars with high yields in specific soil types should be selected.

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Exploration of Intrinsic Microbial Community Modulators in the Rice Endosphere Indicates a Key Role of Distinct Bacterial Taxa Across Different Cultivars

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.629852 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Pei Wang ◽

Xiao Kong ◽

Hongsong Chen ◽

Youlun Xiao ◽

Huijun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Communities ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Microbial Network ◽

Β Diversity ◽

Group I ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Endophytic Bacterial Community ◽

Group Ii

Microbial communities associated with the plant phyllosphere and endosphere can have both beneficial as well as detrimental effects on their hosts. There is an ongoing debate to which extend the phyllosphere and endosphere microbiome assembly is controlled by the host plant how pronounced cultivar effects are. We investigated the bacterial and fungal communities from the phyllosphere and endosphere of 10 different rice cultivars grown under identical environmental conditions in the frame of a targeted approach to identify drivers of community assembly. The results indicated that the endophytic bacterial communities were clearly separated into two groups. The α-diversity and microbial network complexity within Group I were significantly lower than in Group II. Moreover, the genera Nocardioides, Microvirga, and Gaiella were significantly more abundant in Group II and only present in the interaction networks of this group. These three genera were significantly correlated with α- and β-diversity of the endophytic bacterial community and thus identified as major drivers of the endosphere community. We have identified keystone taxa that shape endophytic bacterial communities of different rice cultivars. Our overall findings provide new insights into plant-microbe interactions, and may contribute to targeted improvements of rice varieties in the future.

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Recent Strategies for Detection and Improvement of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes in Rice: A Review

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9091202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1202

Author(s):

Bello Sani Haliru ◽

Mohd Y. Rafii ◽

Norida Mazlan ◽

Shairul Izan Ramlee ◽

Isma’ila Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Large Scale ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Scale Production ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Resistant Genes

Brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is considered the main rice insect pest in Asia. Several BPH-resistant varieties of rice have been bred previously and released for large-scale production in various rice-growing regions. However, the frequent surfacing of new BPH biotypes necessitates the evolution of new rice varieties that have a wide genetic base to overcome BPH attacks. Nowadays, with the introduction of molecular approaches in varietal development, it is possible to combine multiple genes from diverse sources into a single genetic background for durable resistance. At present, above 37 BPH-resistant genes/polygenes have been detected from wild species and indica varieties, which are situated on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Five BPH gene clusters have been identified from chromosomes 3, 4, 6, and 12. In addition, eight BPH-resistant genes have been successfully cloned. It is hoped that many more resistance genes will be explored through screening of additional domesticated and undomesticated species in due course.

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