scholarly journals Effect of Furrow Irrigation on the Severity of False Smut in Susceptible Rice Varieties

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Brooks ◽  
Merle M. Anders ◽  
Kathleen M. Yeater
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
False Smut

False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) is an important emerging disease of rice (Oryza sativa) in the southern United States, where all major rice cultivars and hybrids are susceptible to the disease. False smut susceptibility was evaluated in traditional paddy-rice fields and under furrow-irrigated conditions to determine the effects of alternative agricultural practices on the severity of this disease. Highly effective false smut suppression was observed in furrow-irrigated rice, where the disease was nearly eliminated in susceptible rice entries. False smut suppression was observed for two hybrids and one conventional rice cultivar, demonstrating that suppression was not limited to specific germplasm sources. Kernel smut severity was also monitored, but no effect on this disease was observed from the irrigation treatments. Therefore, suppression of disease severity in nonflooded rice appears to be a phenomenon unique to the rice–false smut pathosystem, which can be exploited to achieve effective field resistance to this disease.

scholarly journals Morphological Character of Local Irrigated Rice on Farmer Field in North Sulawesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Janne H.W. Rembang ◽  
Abdul W. Rauf ◽  
Joula O.M. Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Leaf Character

<p>Local rice is a potential germplasm as a source of genes that control important properties in rice plants. The research aimed to characterize the morphological character of local rice cultivars of North Sulawesi. The research was conducted from January to June 2015 in North Sulawesi. The method used was the descriptive qualitative method. Exploration was done by collecting samples of local rice cultivars in North Sulawesi. Each cultivar was characterized its morphological characters according to the Characterization and Evaluation Guidelines of Rice Germplasm. The local rice found in North Sulawesi were 10 varieties, namely Pulo Sawah, Superwin, CK, Serwo, Pilihan, Sako, Sito Merah, Sito Putih, TB, and Serayu. There were similarities of the characters from all local rice varieties of North Sulawesi, such as culm (culm strength and culm habit), leaf character (basal leaf sheath color, leaf blade color, collar color, and auricle color), and flower character (panicle exsertion and panicle attitude of branches). The character of grain morphology was very diverse for all local rice varieties of North Sulawesi.</p>

scholarly journals Insights into the susceptibility of rice to a floral disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bang Li ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jin-Long Wu ◽  
Xiao-Hong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Fungal Immunity ◽  
Anti Fungal

Crop floral diseases are economically important as they reduce grain yield and quality and even introduce food toxins. Rice false smut has emerged as a serious floral disease producing mycotoxins. However, very little is known on the interaction mechanisms between rice flower and the causal fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. Here we show that a conserved anti-fungal immunity in rice flower is disarmed by U. virens via a secreted protein UvChi1. UvChi1 functioned as an essential virulence factor and directly interacted with the chitin receptor CEBiP and co-receptor CERK1 in rice to disrupt their oligomerizations and subsequent immune responses. Moreover, intraspecific-conserved UvChi1 could target OsCEBiP/OsCERK1 receptor complex in at least 98.5% of 5232 surveyed rice accessions. These results demonstrate that U. virens utilizes a crucial virulence factor to subvert chitin-triggered flower immunity in most rice varieties, providing new insights into the susceptibility of rice to false smut disease.

Arsenate-Resistant Genes in Egyptian Rice Cultivars as Soil Pollution Sensors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed E. Hafez ◽  
Ebtesam A. El. Bestawy ◽  
Mohamed A. Rashad ◽  
Sayed M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Resistant Genes

The main objective of the present study was to investigate arsenate [As (V)] resistance genes in rice cultivars grown in arsenic contaminated Egyptian soil in order to genetically induce resistance against arsenic in the local rice varieties as well as defining contaminated rice grains and/or soil. Three local rice cultivars; Sakha 102-104 were cultivated on modified Murashige and Skoog Basal Medium (MS medium) containing elevated concentrations of arsenate (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l). The three varieties showed different resistant attitudes against arsenate with Sakha 104 being the most resistant. Extracted messenger RNA (mRNA) from treated and untreated Sakha 104 plantlets was scanned using differential display to demonstrate the arsenate resistant genes using three different arbitrary primers. About 100 different RNAs with (1500 bp - 50 bp) were obtained from which seven were up-regulated genes, subjected to DNA cloning using TOPO TA system and the selected clones were sequenced. The sequence analysis described four genes out of the seven namely disease resistance protein RPM1, Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1-like, CwfJ family protein and outer membrane lipoprotein OmlA while the other three genes were hypothetical proteins. It is concluded the four induced genes in the resistant rice cultivar considered as a direct response to arsenic soil pollution. Genes detected in the present study can be used as geno-sensors for rice grains and soil contamination with As (V). Moreover, local rice cultivars may be genetically modified with such genes to induce high resistance and to overcome arsenic soil pollution.

Gene-specific marker screening and disease reaction validation of blast resistant genes, Pid3, Pigm and Pi54 in Thai landrace rice germplasm and recommended rice varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Wattanaporn Teerasan ◽  
Ing-on Srikaew ◽  
Kritkittisak Phaitreejit ◽  
Sureeporn Kate-Ngam ◽  
Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Resistant Genes

AbstractRice blast caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice production worldwide. Information on rice varieties with the blast disease resistance gene is important for rice cultivar development. This study identified rice blast resistant genes in 226 rice cultivars including 203 Thai landrace rice cultivars (19 upland rice cultivars from the North, 99 lowland rice cultivars from the Northeast, 45 floating rice cultivars from the Northeast and 40 cultivars from the South), 21 recommended rice varieties and two susceptible varieties ‘KDML105’ and ‘Nipponbare’ by using gene-specific markers for the blast resistant genes Pid3, Pi54 and Pigm. Results showed that 159 cultivars have at least one resistant gene and four cultivars have all three resistant genes. These results indicate that Thai landrace rice is a valuable source of rice blast resistant genes for rice breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Research on Advance of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah Worldwide: Part II. Studies Progress on the Pathogen and Its Toxin of U. virens

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Shiwen Huang ◽  
Lianmeng Liu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Sexual Stages

In this part, the history of the study on RFS pathogen U. virens was reviewed, including the pathogen naming and the change process, morphological characteristics of U. virens and culture characters both of asexual and sexual stages, and mycelium, chlamydospore, conidiophore and sclerotium germination. Genetic diversity, pathogenicity, the strain-host interaction, host range of U. virens and it&rsquo;s early detection were also discussed. The research of Ustiloxins of RFS, including biological activity, toxicity to plants and animal, the potential possibility utilization of Ustiloxins, for example use as screening agent for rice varieties resistance to RFS, and anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals Screening of Rice Cultivars against False Smut [Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi] of Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 2786-2793
Author(s):  
Ankit Kantibhai Chaudhari ◽  
Kalubhai Balubhai Rakholiya ◽  
Tushar Tersingbhai Baria
Keyword(s):  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
False Smut

scholarly journals Arsenate-Resistant Genes in Egyptian Rice Cultivars as Soil Pollution Sensors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed Hafez ◽  
Ebtesam A. El. Bestawy ◽  
Mohamed A. Rashad ◽  
Sayed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Resistant Genes

The main objective of the present study was to investigate arsenate [As (V)] resistance genes in rice cultivars grown in arsenic contaminated Egyptian soil in order to genetically induce resistance against arsenic in the local rice varieties as well as defining contaminated rice grains and/or soil. Three local rice cultivars; Sakha 102-104 were cultivated on modified Murashige and Skoog Basal Medium (MS medium) containing elevated concentrations of arsenate (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l). The three varieties showed different resistant attitudes against arsenate with Sakha 104 being the most resistant. Extracted messenger RNA (mRNA) from treated and untreated Sakha 104 plantlets was scanned using differential display to demonstrate the arsenate resistant genes using three different arbitrary primers. About 100 different RNAs with (1500 bp - 50 bp) were obtained from which seven were up-regulated genes, subjected to DNA cloning using TOPO TA system and the selected clones were sequenced. The sequence analysis described four genes out of the seven namely disease resistance protein RPM1, Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1-like, CwfJ family protein and outer membrane lipoprotein OmlA while the other three genes were hypothetical proteins. It is concluded the four induced genes in the resistant rice cultivar considered as a direct response to arsenic soil pollution. Genes detected in the present study can be used as geno-sensors for rice grains and soil contamination with As (V). Moreover, local rice cultivars may be genetically modified with such genes to induce high resistance and to overcome arsenic soil pollution.

scholarly journals Interaction between saflufenacil and imazapyr+imazapic in the management of barnyardgrass and weedy rice and selectivity for irrigated rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ânderson da Rosa Feijó ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Fipke ◽  
Luiza Piccinini Silveira ◽  
Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo ◽  
Nelson Diehl Kruse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
Chemical Groups

ABSTRACT: The use of imidazolinone-tolerant rice cultivars allows selective control of weedy rice and barnyardgrass. However, in many situations, there is a need to add herbicides from other chemical groups to increase the spectrum of weed control. In this sense, saflufenacil has the potential to be used in mixture with imidazolinone herbicides. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction effects of the imazapyr+imazapic and saflufenacil herbicides in weedy rice and barnyardgrass and to investigate their impacts on the yield of the irrigated rice cultivar Puitá INTA CL. To reach these aims, greenhouse and field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons, with herbicide treatments sprayed separately and in mixtures of saflufenacil with imazapyr+imazapic. Results showed that saflufenacil did not interfere with control of weedy rice and barnyardgrass obtained with imazapyr+imazapic. The D50 values of imazapyr+imazapic for weedy rice control were 14.5+5, 9.1+3 and 12.5+4.2 g ha-1of imazapyr+imazapic for combinations with 0, 3.06 and 6.12 g ha-1of saflufenacil, respectively. In the field experiments, all doses of imazapyr+imazapic applied isolated or in mixture with saflufenacil provided control levels barnyardgrass above 90% at 28 days after herbicides application. Furthermore, saflufenacil did not cause damage or loss in the yield of the rice crop when mixed with imazapyr+imazapic. The Puitá INTA CL rice cultivar was tolerant of the tested herbicides, whether applied alone or in mixture, reaching grain yield of 9.987 kg ha-1 when applied 42 g ha-1 of saflufenacil plus 147+49 g ha-1 of imazapyr+imazapic.

scholarly journals Microdochium albescens may affect the physiological quality of irrigated rice cultivar seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Tabarelli Scheidt ◽  
Jaquelini Garcia ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Quality

ABSTRACT: Knowledge of the effect of the seedborne inoculum is important for knowing the level of tolerance of the pathogen by the seed. This research evaluated the effect of the incidence of the fungus Microdochium albescens on the physiological quality of the seeds of different cultivars of irrigated rice. The study was carried out in the seed testing laboratory (STL), phytopathology laboratory and in greenhouse, located at the Center of Agroveterinary Sciences of the Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil. Seeds from six irrigated rice cultivars produced in the Alto Vale do Itajaí Region in the 2016/17 harvest, were used. The lots were submitted to the seed health test, identifying four lots per cultivar with a natural incidence of M. albescens, with two lots of each cultivar with an incidence greater than 40% and two lots equal or less than 40%, totaling 24 seed lots. The following evaluations were carried out on the lots: germination, accelerated aging test, emergence in a greenhouse at 14 days, emergence speed index (ESI), emergence speed (ES), shoot length, root length and fresh and dry mass. There was a significant interaction between cultivar and level of incidence only in the variables germination, vigor and root length. Fresh mass, shoot length and ESI were not affected, regardless of cultivar and incidence of fungus in the seed. The irrigated rice cultivars SCS118 Marquês and SCSBRS Tio Taka are susceptible to a high incidence (> 40%) of the fungus M. allbescens.

scholarly journals Research on Advance of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah Worldwide: III. Infection Cycle and Invasion Mechanism of U. virens and Rice Resistance to RFS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Shiwen Huang ◽  
Lianmeng Liu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Invasion Mechanism ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
False Smut

In this part, the infection cycle and invasion mechanism of RFS, including the primary and secondary source of RFS infection. The factors affecting the disease occurrence and epidemiology, including the infection time and pathway, different conditions affecting the incidence of RFS, for example, the type of rice varieties and morphological characteristic, meteorological factors, environmental conditions, cultivation management, and amount of U. virens in the field. The mechanism of rice varieties&rsquo; resistance to RFS were also discussed, including morphological characteristics, and biochemical mechanism, resistance genes of rice.

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