scholarly journals Experimental Study and Modeling of Ground-Source Heat Pumps with Combi-Storage in Buildings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessam El-Baz ◽  
Peter Tzscheutschler ◽  
Ulrich Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
And Control

There is a continuous growth of heat pump installations in residential buildings in Germany. The heat pumps were not only used for space heating and domestic hot water consumption but also to offer flexibility to the grid. the high coefficient of performance and the low cost of heat storages made the heat pumps an optimal candidate for the power to heat applications. Thus, several questions are raised about the optimal integration and control of the heat pump system with buffer storages to maximize its operation efficiency and minimize the operation costs. In this paper, an experimental investigation is performed to study the performance of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) with a combi-storage under several configurations and control factors. The experiments were performed on an innovative modular testbed that is capable of emulating a ground source to provide the heat pump with different temperature levels at different times of the day. Moreover, it can emulate the different building loads such as the space heating load and the domestic hot water consumption in real-time. The data gathered from the testbed and different experimental studies were used to develop a simulation model based on Modelica that can accurately simulate the dynamics of a GSHP in a building. The model was validated based on different metrics. Energetically, the difference between the developed model and the measured values was only 3.08\% and 4.18\% for the heat generation and electricity consumption, respectively.

scholarly journals Modeling an Alternate Operational Ground Source Heat Pump for Combined Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Power Sizing

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2120
Author(s):  
Kaiser Ahmed ◽  
Jevgeni Fadejev ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Ground Source

This study developed an alternate operational control system for ground source heat pumps (GSHP), which was applied to determine combined space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) power equations at design temperature. A domestic GSHP with an alternate control system was implemented in a whole building simulation model following the heat deficiency for space heating based on degree minute counting. A simulated GSHP system with 200 L storage tank resulted in 13%–26% power reduction compared to the calculation of the same system with existing European standards, which required separate space heating and DHW power calculation. The periodic operation utilized the thermal mass of the building with the same effect in the case of light and heavy-weight building because of the very short cycle of 30 min. Room temperatures dropped during the DHW heating cycle but kept within comfort range. The developed equations predict the total power as a function of occupancy, peak and average DHW consumption with variations of 0%–2.2% compared to the simulated results. DHW heating added the total power in modern low energy buildings by 21%–41% and 13%–26% at design temperatures of −15 °C and −26 °C, respectively. Internal heat gains reduced the power so that the reduction effect compensated the effect of DHW heating in the case of a house occupied by three people. The equations could be used for power sizing of any heat pump types, which has alternate operation principle and hydronic heating system.

scholarly journals A European Database of Building Energy Profiles to Support the Design of Ground Source Heat Pumps

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Carnieletto ◽  
Borja Badenes ◽  
Marco Belliardi ◽  
Adriana Bernardi ◽  
Samantha Graci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Profiles ◽  
Ground Source

The design of ground source heat pumps is a fundamental step to ensure the high energy efficiency of heat pump systems throughout their operating years. To enhance the diffusion of ground source heat pump systems, two different tools are developed in the H2020 research project named, “Cheap GSHPs”: A design tool and a decision support system. In both cases, the energy demand of the buildings may not be calculated by the user. The main input data, to evaluate the size of the borehole heat exchangers, is the building energy demand. This paper presents a methodology to correlate energy demand, building typologies, and climatic conditions for different types of residential buildings. Rather than envelope properties, three insulation levels have been considered in different climatic conditions to set up a database of energy profiles. Analyzing European climatic test reference years, 23 locations have been considered. For each location, the overall energy and the mean hourly monthly energy profiles for heating and cooling have been calculated. Pre-calculated profiles are needed to size generation systems and, in particular, ground source heat pumps. For this reason, correlations based on the degree days for heating and cooling demand have been found in order to generalize the results for different buildings. These correlations depend on the Köppen–Geiger climate scale.

Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Systems: A Review of Existing Studies and Their Applicability to the Canadian Residential Sector

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Chu ◽  
Cynthia A. Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
System Configurations

Heat pumps are commonly used for space-heating and cooling requirements. The combination of solar thermal and heat pump systems as a single solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) system is a promising technology for offsetting domestic hot water, space-heating and cooling loads more efficiently. Task 44 of the Solar Heating and Cooling Programme of the International Energy Agency is currently investigating ways to optimize SAHP systems for residential use. This paper presents a review of past and current work conducted on SAHP systems. Specifically, the key performance data from many studies are highlighted and different system configurations are compared in order to establish insight towards which system configurations are suitable for the Canadian residential sector. It was found that the most suitable configuration for Canadian residential buildings depend on a combination of factors which may include occupant behavior, building characteristics, operation parameters, system components, the performance criteria of interest and climate. A large variety of configurations and parameters exist for SAHP systems and this made analyzing a specific system, comparing differing systems and establishing an optimal design fairly difficult. It was found that different authors used various different performance criterions and this inconsistency also added to the difficulty of comparing the studies of different systems. Overall, a standard performance criterion needs to be established for SAHP systems in order to meaningfully compare different configurations and determine optimal configurations for certain requirements.

Analysis of the Heat Pump Market in Europe with a Special Regard to France, Spain, Poland and Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 840-852
Author(s):  
Agata Witkowska ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk ◽  
Antonio Rodero
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Social Environmental

Abstract Becoming the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 is currently the most ambitious European goal. Heat pumps are the example of the key technology, which could help to achieve the aim by heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation in an ecological and energy-efficient way. This article characterized a heat pump market in Europe between 2009 and 2020 with a special regard to France, Spain, Poland and Lithuania, for which a more detailed study was presented. The analysis was performed primarily on the grounds of statistics data provided by the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), which determined the number of heat pumps sold based on standard questionnaires from national heat pump associations, statistical offices and research institutes. The highest number of heat pump sold in analysed period of time was recorded in France, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Germany and Spain. Poland was in the middle of the list, while Lithuania was one of the last countries. Considering the number of heat pumps sold per 1000 households, Norway was the clear leader, followed by Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Denmark. Lithuania was placed 12th, while Poland was only 18th. In terms of the type of lower and upper heat source, air-to-water and air-to-air heat pumps were the most popular choices, while ground source heat pumps were the least popular. The development of the heat pump market has been influenced by social, environmental, economic and technological factors.

scholarly journals Measurement and Verification of Integrated Ground Source Heat Pumps on a Shared Ground Loop

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Soo Shin ◽  
Jong Woo Park ◽  
Sean Hay Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Ground Source

We propose an integrated geothermal system that consists of air-conditioning and hot water service ground source heat pumps, both of which share a ground water loop. The proposed system increases the COP of the service hot water ground source heat pump by recovering the condensation heat of the air-conditioning ground source heat pump as an evaporator heat source for the hot water service ground source heat pump. Eventually this integration expands the scope and capacity of the evaporator source in addition to the underground water of heat exchangers, which also leads to increase the COP of the air-conditioning ground source heat pump. The integrated geothermal heat pump system was installed in a hotel, and then data were measured for a limited period due to the hotel’s ongoing business activities. A TRNSYS simulation model has been developed as a baseline, and the baseline has been calibrated with the measured data. By running one-year simulations, it turns out that the annual electricity use for heating and cooling, and service hot water was reduced by 19.1% in the cooling season, and by 9.6% in the heating season, with respect to the conventional configuration in which the air-conditioning heat pump and hot water service heat pump work individually on their own ground loops.

Evaluation of Ground Source Heat Pump Energy, Demand, and Greenhouse Potential in Colorado Residential Buildings

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Studer ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Vertical Well ◽  
Ground Source

This paper summarizes the results of a detailed energy analysis carried out for a typical Colorado residence using three different HVAC systems for 10 distinct locations in Colorado. The HVAC systems considered in the analysis include: • 78% efficient furnace with a 13 SEER air conditioner; • Vertical well ground source heat pump with a heating COP of 3.5 and a cooling EER of 17.1; • Slinky ground source heat pump with a heating COP of 3.5 and a cooling EER of 17.1. The results of the analysis indicate that relative to the conventional systems, ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) offer several benefits including lower annual energy costs, electrical peak demand, and carbon emissions. However, GSHPs use more electrical energy use. Specifically, it was found that relative to a 78 AFUE furnace / 13 SEER AC system, in all locations both GSHPs, vertical well and slinky, show on average a 41.2% increase in electricity use, a 10% decrease in energy cost, a 4.5% decrease in CO2 emissions, and a 16.8% average decrease in peak summer electric demand.

scholarly journals A Spatially-Explicit Economic and Financial Assessment of Closed-Loop Ground-Source Geothermal Heat Pumps: A Case Study for the Residential Buildings of Valle d’Aosta Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12516
Author(s):  
Antonio Novelli ◽  
Valentina D’Alonzo ◽  
Simon Pezzutto ◽  
Rubén Aarón Estrada Poggio ◽  
Alessandro Casasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source

Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) take advantage of the high thermal inertia of the ground to achieve a higher energy efficiency compared to Air Source Heat Pumps. GSHPs, therefore, have the potential to reduce heating, cooling, and domestic hot water costs, however the high installation cost of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) limits the growth of such installations. Nevertheless, GSHPs can be profitable under certain conditions (climate, expensive fuels, subsidies, etc.), which can be identified using geo-referenced data and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The proposed work investigates the economic and financial ability of GSHPs to cover the heat demand of the residential building stock of the Italian region Valle d’Aosta. To identify the opportunities offered by GSHPs in the Valle d’Aosta region, more than 40,000 residential buildings were analyzed using a GIS-based method. The return on the investment was then assessed based on the occurrence of two conditions—the Italian subsidies of the “Conto Termico” and the installation of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems—which contribute to the reduction of the initial and operation costs, respectively. The life-cycle costs of the four resulting combinations were compared with conventional systems composed of an oil/gas boiler and an air-source chiller. One of the main findings of this study is that subsidies exert a key role in the financial feasibility of GSHPs, especially for replacing gas boilers, whereas the presence of a PV system has a minor influence on the financial analysis carried out.

scholarly journals Seasonal storage of residential exhaust air and sewage waste heat

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Janne Hirvonen ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Risto Kosonen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Sewage Waste

Most Finnish residential buildings have been built before ventilation heat recovery options became mandatory. Exhaust air heat pumps are an effective way to reduce emissions, but they cannot cover all heating demand. Ground-source heat pumps can be designed to meet all loads, but they require corresponding amounts of space both above and below ground. This simulation study combines residential ventilation and sewage waste heat with a ground-source heat pump system to improve system sustainability and cost-effectiveness. A hybrid waste heat and ground-source heat pump system was shown to have 20% lower life cycle costs compared to a pure ground-source heat pump system. It also maintained sustainable ground temperature levels over the long term, while reducing above-ground space requirements by 95%.

scholarly journals Performance of heat pump system for water heating in European climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Yauheni Kachalouski ◽  
Matuška Tomáš
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Ground Source

A performance of air-to-water and brine-to-water heat pump for domestic hot water preparation was analyzed in different climates of Europe. Air-source heat pumps are widely used energy source for domestic applications with low operation costs. Their system SPF was found at level of 3.0 for domestic hot water preparation for medium latitudes in Europe. Investigations on the ground-source heat pump performance show their average SPF are close to air-source technology.

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