scholarly journals The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan P. Plant ◽  
Angelia A Eick-Cost ◽  
Hussein Ezzeldin ◽  
Jose L Sanchez ◽  
Zhiping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Inhibition Antibody ◽  
Influenza Activity

The first exposure to influenza is thought to impact subsequent immune responses later in life. The consequences of this can be seen during influenza epidemics and pandemics with differences in morbidity and mortality for different birth cohorts. With the development of new universal vaccines there is need for better understanding of how vaccine responses are affected by early exposures to influenza viruses. In this analysis of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses in two cohorts of military personnel we noticed differences related to birth year. These data suggest that HI antibody production, in response to influenza vaccination, is affected by influenza activity in the years following birth. The magnitude of this antibody response is associated with, among other factors, the influenza strain that circulated following birth.

scholarly journals The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan P. Plant ◽  
Angelia A. Eick-Cost ◽  
Hussein Ezzeldin ◽  
Jose L. Sanchez ◽  
Zhiping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Inhibition Antibody ◽  
Age And Sex

The first exposure to influenza is thought to impact subsequent immune responses later in life. The consequences of this can be seen during influenza epidemics and pandemics with differences in morbidity and mortality for different birth cohorts. There is a need for better understanding of how vaccine responses are affected by early exposures to influenza viruses. In this analysis of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses in two cohorts of military personnel we noticed differences related to age, sex, prior vaccination, deployment and birth year. These data suggest that HI antibody production, in response to influenza vaccination, is affected by these factors. The magnitude of this antibody response is associated with, among other factors, the influenza strain that circulated following birth.

scholarly journals The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination

Vaccines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Plant ◽  
Angelia Eick-Cost ◽  
Hussein Ezzeldin ◽  
Jose Sanchez ◽  
Zhiping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Inhibition Antibody ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals mRNA vaccination in people over 80 years of age induces strong humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with cross neutralization of P.1 Brazilian variant

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Parry ◽  
Gokhan Tut ◽  
Rachel Bruton ◽  
Sian Faustini ◽  
Christine Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Age is the major risk factor for mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection and older people have received priority consideration for COVID-19 vaccination. However, vaccine responses are often suboptimal in this age group and few people over the age of 80 years were included in vaccine registration trials. We determined the serological and cellular response to spike protein in 100 people aged 80–96 years at 2 weeks after the second vaccination with the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Antibody responses were seen in every donor with high titers in 98%. Spike-specific cellular immune responses were detectable in only 63% and correlated with humoral response. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increased antibody responses after one vaccine and antibody and cellular responses remained 28-fold and 3-fold higher, respectively, after dual vaccination. Post-vaccine sera mediated strong neutralization of live Victoria infection and although neutralization titers were reduced 14-fold against the P.1 variant first discovered in Brazil they remained largely effective. These data demonstrate that the mRNA vaccine platform delivers strong humoral immunity in people up to 96 years of age and retains broad efficacy against the P.1 variant of concern.

The Effect of Influenza Vaccination History on Changes in Hemagglutination Inhibition Titers After Receipt of the 2015–2016 Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults in Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany W Y Ng ◽  
Ranawaka A P M Perera ◽  
Vicky J Fang ◽  
Emily M Yau ◽  
J S Malik Peiris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Background Immune responses to influenza vaccination can be weaker in older adults than in other age groups. We hypothesized that antibody responses would be particularly weak among repeat vaccinees when the current and prior season vaccine components are the same. Methods An observational study was conducted among 827 older adults (aged ≥75 years) in Hong Kong. Serum samples were collected immediately before and 1 month after receipt of the 2015–2016 quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. We measured antibody titers with the hemagglutination inhibition assay and compared the mean fold rise from prevaccination to postvaccination titers and the proportions with postvaccination titers ≥40 or ≥160. Results Participants who reported receipt of vaccination during either of the previous 2 years had a lower mean fold rise against all strains than with those who did not. Mean fold rises for A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata were particularly weak after repeated vaccination with the same vaccine strain, but we did not generally find significant differences in the proportions of participants with postvaccination titers ≥40 and ≥160. Conclusions Overall, we found that reduced antibody responses in repeat vaccinees were particularly reduced among older adults who had received vaccination against the same strains in preceding years.

scholarly journals Frailty Is Associated With Increased Hemagglutination-Inhibition Titers in a 4-Year Randomized Trial Comparing Standard- and High-Dose Influenza Vaccination

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Loeb ◽  
Melissa K Andrew ◽  
Mark Loeb ◽  
George A Kuchel ◽  
Laura Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although high-dose (HD) vaccines have been reported to stimulate higher antibody responses compared with standard-dose (SD) influenza vaccines, there have been limited studies on the impact of frailty on such responses. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial (2014/2015 to 2017/2018) of SD versus HD trivalent split-virus vaccine (Fluzone) in 612 study participants aged 65+ over 4 influenza seasons. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers for influenza H1N1, H3N2, and B vaccine subtypes were measured at baseline and at 4, 10, and 20 weeks postvaccination and frailty was measured using a validated frailty index. Results Geometric mean antibody titers were significantly higher in HD compared with SD vaccine recipients for all influenza subtypes at all time points postvaccination. However, frailty was positively correlated with 4-week titers and was associated with increased odds of being a vaccine responder. For influenza A subtypes, this was mostly limited to HD recipients. Conclusions Frailty was associated with higher titers and increased antibody responses at 4 weeks after influenza vaccination, which was partially dependent on vaccine dosage. Chronic inflammation or dysregulated immunity, both of which are commonly observed with frailty, may be responsible, but it requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Preexisting Immunity, More Than Aging, Influences Influenza Vaccine Responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian J. Reber ◽  
Jin Hyang Kim ◽  
Renata Biber ◽  
H. Keipp Talbot ◽  
Laura A. Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background.  Influenza disproportionately impacts older adults while current vaccines have reduced effectiveness in the older population. Methods.  We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of cellular and humoral immune responses of adults aged 50 years and older to the 2008–2009 seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and assessed factors influencing vaccine response. Results.  Vaccination increased hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody; however, 66.3% of subjects did not reach hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥ 40 for H1N1, compared with 22.5% for H3N2. Increasing age had a minor negative impact on antibody responses, whereas prevaccination titers were the best predictors of postvaccination antibody levels. Preexisting memory B cells declined with age, especially for H3N2. However, older adults still demonstrated a significant increase in antigen-specific IgG+ and IgA+ memory B cells postvaccination. Despite reduced frequency of preexisting memory B cells associated with advanced age, fold-rise in memory B cell frequency in subjects 60+ was comparable to subjects age 50–59. Conclusions.  Older adults mounted statistically significant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, but many failed to reach hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥40, especially for H1N1. Although age had a modest negative effect on vaccine responses, prevaccination titers were the best predictor of postvaccination antibody levels, irrespective of age.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal colonization impairs nasal and lung mucosal immune responses to Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz F. Carniel ◽  
Fernando Marcon ◽  
Jamie Rylance ◽  
Seher Zaidi ◽  
Jesus Reine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Mucosal Antibody ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization ◽  
Differential Immunity ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

ABSTRACTInfluenza virus infections affect millions of people annually. Current available vaccines provide varying rates of protection. There is a knowledge gap on how the nasal microbiota, particularly established pneumococcal colonization, shapes the response to influenza vaccination. In this study, we inoculated healthy adults with live S. pneumoniae and vaccinated them three days later with either TIV or LAIV. Vaccine-induced immune responses were assessed in nose, blood and lung. Nasal pneumococcal colonization had no impact upon TIV-induced antibody responses to influenza, which manifested in all compartments. However, pre-existing pneumococcal colonization dampened LAIV-mediated mucosal antibody responses, primarily IgA in the nose and IgG in the lung. Pulmonary influenza-specific cellular responses were more apparent in the LAIV group compared to either TIV or an unvaccinated group. These results indicate that TIV and LAIV elicit differential immunity to adults and that LAIV immunogenicity is diminished by the nasal presence of S. pneumoniae. This important confounder should be considered when assessing LAIV efficacy.

scholarly journals Differential Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 Vaccines After Extended-Interval Homologous Dual Vaccination in Older People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Parry ◽  
Rachel Bruton ◽  
Christine Stephens ◽  
Kevin Brown ◽  
Gayatri Amirthalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Older People ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Boost Vaccine ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract BackgroundSeveral SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have shown clinical efficacy against Covid-19 infection but there remains uncertainty about the immune responses elicited by different regimens. This is a particularly important question for older people who are at increased clinical risk following infection and in whom immune senescence may limit vaccine responses. The BNT162b2 mRNA and ChAdOx1 adenovirus vaccines were the first two vaccines deployed in the UK programme using an 8-12 week ‘extended interval’.ObjectivesWe undertook analysis of the spike-specific antibody and cellular immune response in 131 participants aged 80+ years after the second dose of ‘extended interval’ dual vaccination with either BNT162b2 mRNA (n=54) or ChAdOx1 (n=77) adenovirus vaccine. Blood samples were taken 2-3 weeks after second vaccine and were paired with samples taken at 5-weeks after first vaccine which have been reported previously. Antibody responses were measured using the Elecsys® electrochemiluminescence immunoassay assay and cellular responses were assessed by IFN-g ELISpot. ResultsAntibody responses against spike protein became detectable in all donors following dual vaccination with either vaccine. 4 donors had evidence of previous natural infection which is known to boost vaccine responses. Within the 53 infection-naïve donors the median antibody titre was 4030 U/ml (IQR 1892-8530) following BNT162b2 dual vaccination and 1405 (IQR 469.5- 2543) in the 74 patients after the ChAdOx1 vaccine (p=<0.0001). Spike-specific T cell responses were observed in 30% and 49% of mRNA and ChAdOx1 recipients respectively and median responses were 1.4-times higher in ChAdOx1 vaccinees at 14 vs 20 spots/million respectively (p=0.022).ConclusionDual vaccination with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 induces strong humoral immunity in older people following an extended interval protocol. Antibody responses are 2.9-times higher following the mRNA regimen whilst cellular responses are 1.7-times higher with the adenovirus-based vaccine. Differential patterns of immunogenicity are therefore elicited from the two vaccine platforms. It will be of interest to assess the relative stability of immune responses after these homologous vaccine regimens in order to assess the potential need for vaccine boosting. Furthermore, these findings indicate that heterologous vaccine platforms may offer the opportunity to further optimize vaccine responses.

scholarly journals Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers as a correlate of protection against influenza disease in the 2018/2019 epidemic season in Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Hallmann-Szelińska ◽  
Karol Szymański ◽  
Katarzyna Łuniewska ◽  
Katarzyna Kondratiuk ◽  
Lidia Bernadeta Brydak
Keyword(s):  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
Inhibition Antibody

The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza viruses in the sera of people in the seven age groups in the epidemic season 2018/2019 in Poland. The level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was determined by hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI). 1050 clinical samples from all over the country were tested. The level of antibodies against influenza viruses was highest in the 10–14 age group for A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage antigens. These results confirm the circulation of four antigenically different influenza virus strains, two subtypes of influenza A virus – A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09 and A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and two lineages of influenza B virus – B/Colorado/06/2017 – Victoria lineage and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage.

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