scholarly journals The Role of Diet, Micronutrients and the Gut Microbiota in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Perspectives from the Gut-Retina Axis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Rinninella ◽  
Maria Cristina Mele ◽  
Nicolò Merendino ◽  
Marco Cintoni ◽  
Gaia Anselmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial disease and the primary cause of legal and irreversible blindness among individuals aged >=65 years in developed countries. Globally, it affects 30-50 million individuals, with an estimated increase of approximately 200 million by 2020 and approximately 300 million by 2040. Currently, the neovascular form may be able to be treated with the use of anti-VEGF drugs, while no effective treatments are available for the dry form. Many observational studies, such as AREDS-1 and AREDS 2, have shown a potential role of micronutrient supplementation in lowering the risk of progression of the early stages of AMD. Recently, low-grade inflammation, sustained by dysbiosis and a leaky gut, has been shown to contribute to the development of AMD. Given the ascertained influence of the gut microbiota in systemic low-grade inflammation and its potential modulation by macro- and micro-nutrients, a potential role of diet in AMD has been proposed. This review discusses the role of the gut microbiota in the development of AMD. Using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, we searched for recent scientific evidence discussing the impact of dietary habits (high fat and high glucose or fructose diets), micronutrients (vitamins C, E, and D, zinc, beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin) and omega-3 fatty acids on the modulation of the gut microbiota and their relationship with AMD risk and progression.

scholarly journals The Role of Diet, Micronutrients and the Gut Microbiota in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Perspectives from the Gut–Retina Axis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Rinninella ◽  
Maria Mele ◽  
Nicolò Merendino ◽  
Marco Cintoni ◽  
Gaia Anselmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial disease and the primary cause of legal and irreversible blindness among individuals aged ≥65 years in developed countries. Globally, it affects 30–50 million individuals, with an estimated increase of approximately 200 million by 2020 and approximately 300 million by 2040. Currently, the neovascular form may be able to be treated with the use of anti-VEGF drugs, while no effective treatments are available for the dry form. Many studies, such as the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS 2, have shown a potential role of micronutrient supplementation in lowering the risk of progression of the early stages of AMD. Recently, low-grade inflammation, sustained by dysbiosis and a leaky gut, has been shown to contribute to the development of AMD. Given the ascertained influence of the gut microbiota in systemic low-grade inflammation and its potential modulation by macro- and micro-nutrients, a potential role of diet in AMD has been proposed. This review discusses the role of the gut microbiota in the development of AMD. Using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, we searched for recent scientific evidence discussing the impact of dietary habits (high-fat and high-glucose or -fructose diets), micronutrients (vitamins C, E, and D, zinc, beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin) and omega-3 fatty acids on the modulation of the gut microbiota and their relationship with AMD risk and progression.

scholarly journals The Roles of the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Older Adults With Frailty

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuShuang Xu ◽  
XiangJie Liu ◽  
XiaoXia Liu ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
MengMeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Frailty is a major public issue that affects the physical health and quality of life of older adults, especially as the population ages. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been speculated to accelerate the aging process as well as the development of age-related diseases such as frailty. Intestinal homeostasis plays a crucial role in healthy aging. The interaction between the microbiome and the host regulates the inflammatory response. Emerging evidence indicates that in older adults with frailty, the diversity and composition structure of gut microbiota are altered. Age-associated changes in gut microbiota composition and in their metabolites contribute to increased gut permeability and imbalances in immune function. In this review, we aim to: identify gut microbiota changes in the aging and frail populations; summarize the role of chronic low-grade inflammation in the development of frailty; and outline how gut microbiota may be related to the pathogenesis of frailty, more specifically, in the regulation of gut-derived chronic inflammation. Although additional research is needed, the regulation of gut microbiota may represent a safe, easy, and inexpensive intervention to counteract the chronic inflammation leading to frailty.

scholarly journals Comprehensive expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohito Sato ◽  
Masaru Takeuchi ◽  
Yoko Karasawa ◽  
Kei Takayama ◽  
Toshio Enoki
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mutual Distance ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

AbstractNeovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a complex and multi-factorial disease, and low-grade inflammation is associated with pathogenesis of nAMD. Aqueous humor could reflect intraocular immune environments in various eye diseases. The research so far used aqueous humor samples and revealed that inflammation is involved in pathophysiology of nAMD, although immunological roles of cytokines were evaluated inadequately with aspect to individual effects. Here we used 27 kinds of cytokines covering general immunologic reactions, examined specific expression patterns of cytokines, and assessed relationships between inflammation and pathophysiology of nAMD by multivariate analyses. In nAMD eyes, principal component analysis showed that IL-7, MCP-1, MIP-1β and VEGF had high principal component loadings of over 0.6 in the first principal component constituting 32.6% of all variability of the data. In exploratory factor analysis, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1β had high factor loadings (FL) of over 0.5 in Factor 1 constituting 32.6% of all variability, while VEGF had FL of over 1.0 in Factor 3 constituting 10.7% of all variability. In hierarchical cluster analysis, MCP-1 and VEGF were located in the cluster of first proximate mutual distance to central retinal thickness. These data could suggest that low-grade inflammation is a principal contributor in nAMD.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Parmeggiani ◽  
Mario R. Romano ◽  
Ciro Costagliola ◽  
Francesco Semeraro ◽  
Carlo Incorvaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oxidized Lipoproteins ◽  
Severe Vision Loss

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease that represents the most common cause of irreversible visual impairment among people over the age of 50 in Europe, the United States, and Australia, accounting for up to 50% of all cases of central blindness. Risk factors of AMD are heterogeneous, mainly including increasing age and different genetic predispositions, together with several environmental/epigenetic factors, that is, cigarette smoking, dietary habits, and phototoxic exposure. In the aging retina, free radicals and oxidized lipoproteins are considered to be major causes of tissue stress resulting in local triggers for parainflammation, a chronic status which contributes to initiation and/or progression of many human neurodegenerative diseases such as AMD. Experimental and clinical evidences strongly indicate the pathogenetic role of immunologic processes in AMD occurrence, consisting of production of inflammatory related molecules, recruitment of macrophages, complement activation, microglial activation and accumulation within those structures that compose an essential area of the retina known as macula lutea. This paper reviews some attractive aspects of the literature about the mechanisms of inflammation in AMD, especially focusing on those findings or arguments more directly translatable to improve the clinical management of patients with AMD and to prevent the severe vision loss caused by this disease.

scholarly journals Microbiota and age-related macular degeneration: where are we today?

ABOUTOPEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Angelo Maria Minnella ◽  
Francesca Albanesi ◽  
Martina Maceroni
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Simple Sugar ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex degenerative multifactorial retinal disease, representing a leading cause of legal blindness among elderly individuals. It is well known that age, family history, smoking, nutrition, and inflammation contribute to the development of AMD. Recent studies support the existence of a gut-retina axis involved in the pathogenesis of several ocular diseases, including AMD. High-fat and high simple sugar diets determine a derangement of the gut microbiota, with an increase of gut permeability and systemic low-grade inflammation. Leaky gut is correlated with higher levels of circulating microbial-associated pattern molecules, which trigger the systemic release of potent proinflammatory mediators and stimulate the specific immune cells of the retina, contributing to retinal damage. All these findings suggest that microbiota is closely related to AMD and that it may be targeted in order to influence AMD pathogenesis and/or its clinical course.

Potential role of uric acid in the molecular pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morsal Mehryar ◽  
Mohsen Farvardin ◽  
Hamid Hosseini ◽  
Mahdi Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Pathogenesis ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related
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