scholarly journals Gravity in the Shadow of Stable Atoms and Their Three Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
Atomic Interaction ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Empirical Constant ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

Even though materialistic atoms are having independent existence in this current accelerating universe, they are not allowing scientists and engineers to explore the secrets of gravity at atomic scale. This may be due to incomplete unification paradigm, inadequacy of known physics and technological difficulties etc. In this challenging scenario, one fundamental question to be answered is: Is Newtonian gravitational constant having a physical existence?  We would like to suggest that, it’s a man created empirical constant and is having no physical existence. Clearly speaking, it’s not real but virtual. For understanding the secrets of large scale gravitational effects, scientists consider it as a physical constant. In the same way, each atomic interaction can be allowed to have its own gravitational constant. With further study, their magnitudes can be refined for a better understanding of the nature. Thinking in this way, we tried to fit the Newtonian gravitational constant. It’s estimated value seems to be 6.679855x10^(-11) m3/kg/sec2. Proceeding further, the famous radiation constants  can be shown to be complex or secondary physical constants. By considering proton neutron stability, nuclear binding energy, nuclear charge radii, neutron life time, Fermi’s weak coupling constant and strong coupling constant, we are trying to understand the validity of the proposed three atomic gravitational constants. It needs further study.

Gravity in the Shadow of Stable Atoms and Their Three Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
Atomic Interaction ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
Semi Empirical

Even though materialistic atoms are having independent existence in this current accelerating universe, they are not allowing scientists and engineers to explore the secrets of gravity at atomic scale. This may be due to incomplete unification paradigm, inadequacy of known physics and technological difficulties etc. In this challenging scenario, in an analogical and semi empirical approach, each atomic interaction can be allowed to have its own gravitational constant. Proceeding further, with respect to strong coupling constant of high energy nuclear physics, Planck’s constant of electromagnetic interaction and Fermi’s coupling constant of weak interaction, we tried to fit the Newtonian gravitational constant. It’s estimated value seems to fall in the range of (6.67-6.68)x10^(-11) m3/kg/sec2. By considering experimental nuclear charge radii and binding energy of stable isotopes, it is possible to improve the accuracy of estimation. With further study, a practical model of materialistic quantum gravity can be developed.

scholarly journals Final unification with three gravitational constants associated with nuclear, electromagnetic and gravitational interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam UV ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Newtonian Gravity ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

By introducing two large pseudo gravitational constants assumed to be associated with strong and electromagnetic interactions, we make an attempt to combine the old Abdus Salam’s ‘strong gravity’ concept with ‘Newtonian gravity’ and try to understand the constructional features of nuclei, atoms and neutron stars in a unified approach. From the known elementary atomic and nuclear physical constants, estimated magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant is (6.66 to 6.70) x10-11 m3/kg/sec2. Finally, by eliminating the proposed two pseudo gravitational constants, we inter-related the Newtonian gravitational constant, Fermi’s weak coupling constant and Strong coupling constant, in a generalized approach.

scholarly journals To fit Fermi’s weak coupling constant with three gravitational constants

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam UV ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

By considering three virtual gravitational constants assumed to be associated with gravitational, electromagnetic and strong interactions, Fermi’s weak coupling constant can be shown to be a natural manifestation of microscopic quantum gravity. As our approach is heuristic and completely different from the current methods of estimating the Newtonian gravitational constant, concerning the call of ‘Ideas lab 2016’ organized by NSF, we appeal for inclusion of this theoretical work as a project under the unification scheme. Estimated magnitudes of Fermi’s weak coupling constant and Newtonian gravitational constant are 1.44021X10(-62) J.m3 and 6.679856X10(-11) m3/kg/sec2 respectively.

scholarly journals Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy with Nucleon Mass Difference via Strong Coupling Constant and Strong Nuclear Gravity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

With reference to electromagnetic interaction and Abdus Salam’s strong (nuclear) gravity, 1) Square root of ‘reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the strength of nuclear elementary charge. 2) ‘Reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the maximum strength of nuclear binding energy. 3) In deuteron, strength of nuclear binding energy is around unity and there exists no strong interaction in between neutron and proton. G s ≅ 3.32688 × 10 28   m 3 kg - 1 sec - 2 being the nuclear gravitational constant, nuclear charge radius can be shown to be, R 0 ≅ 2 G s m p c 2 ≅ 1.24   fm . e s ≅ ( G s m p 2 ℏ c ) e ≅ 4.716785 × 10 − 19 C being the nuclear elementary charge, proton magnetic moment can be shown to be, μ p ≅ e s ℏ 2 m p ≅ e G s m p 2 c ≅ 1.48694 × 10 − 26   J . T - 1 . α s ≅ ( ℏ c G s m p 2 ) 2 ≅ 0.1153795 being the strong coupling constant, strong interaction range can be shown to be proportional to exp ( 1 α s 2 ) . Interesting points to be noted are: An increase in the value of α s helps in decreasing the interaction range indicating a more strongly bound nuclear system. A decrease in the value of α s helps in increasing the interaction range indicating a more weakly bound nuclear system. From Z ≅ 30 onwards, close to stable mass numbers, nuclear binding energy can be addressed with, ( B ) A s ≅ Z × { ( 1 α s + 1 ) + 30 × 31 } ( m n − m p ) c 2 ≈ Z × 19.66   MeV . With further study, magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant can be estimated with nuclear elementary physical constants. One sample relation is, ( G N G s ) ≅ 1 2 ( m e m p ) 10 [ G F ℏ c / ( ℏ m e c ) ] where G N represents the Newtonian gravitational constant and G F represents the Fermi’s weak coupling constant. Two interesting coincidences are, ( m p / m e ) 10 ≅ exp ( 1 / α s 2 ) and 2 G s m e / c 2 ≅ G F / ℏ c .

scholarly journals To Develop a Virtual Model of Microscopic Quantum Gravity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. V. Satya Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Strongly Interacting ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

We would like to suggest that, by considering three virtual gravitational constants assumed to be associated with gravitational, electromagnetic and strong interactions along with a strongly interacting virtual nuclear elementary charge, a workable model of final unification can be developed. In a verifiable approach, Newtonian gravitational constant and Fermi’s weak coupling constant can be interrelated via nuclear and electromagnetic gravitational constants.

scholarly journals To Fit Fermi’s Weak Coupling Constant with Three Gravitational Constants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. V. Satya Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

By considering three virtual gravitational constants assumed to be associated with gravitational, electromagnetic and strong interactions, Fermi’s weak coupling constant can be shown to be a natural manifestation of microscopic quantum gravity. As our approach is heuristic and completely different from the current methods of estimating the Newtonian gravitational constant, with reference to the call of ‘Ideas lab 2016’ organized by NSF, we appeal for inclusion of this theoretical work as a project under unification scheme.

scholarly journals Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1803-1817
Author(s):  
Chao Xue ◽  
Jian-Ping Liu ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Jun-Fei Wu ◽  
Shan-Qing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Fundamental Physical Constants ◽  
Large Uncertainty ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Physical ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

Abstract The Newtonian gravitational constant G, which is one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature, plays a significant role in the fields of theoretical physics, geophysics, astrophysics and astronomy. Although G was the first physical constant to be introduced in the history of science, it is considered to be one of the most difficult to measure accurately so far. Over the past two decades, eleven precision measurements of the gravitational constant have been performed, and the latest recommended value for G published by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) is (6.674 08 ± 0.000 31) × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2 with a relative uncertainty of 47 parts per million. This uncertainty is the smallest compared with previous CODATA recommended values of G; however, it remains a relatively large uncertainty among other fundamental physical constants. In this paper we briefly review the history of the G measurement, and introduce eleven values of G adopted in CODATA 2014 after 2000 and our latest two values published in 2018 using two independent methods.

scholarly journals Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy with Nucleon Mass Difference via Strong Coupling Constant and Strong Nuclear Gravity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

With reference to electromagnetic interaction and Abdus Salam’s strong (nuclear) gravity, 1) Square root of ‘reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the strength of nuclear elementary charge. 2) ‘Reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the maximum strength of nuclear binding energy. 3) In deuteron, strength of nuclear binding energy is around unity and there exists no strong interaction in between neutron and proton. G s ≅ 3.32688 × 10 28   m 3 kg - 1 sec - 2 being the nuclear gravitational constant, nuclear charge radius can be shown to be, R 0 ≅ 2 G s m p c 2 ≅ 1.24   fm . e s ≅ ( G s m p 2 ℏ c ) e ≅ 4.716785 × 10 − 19 C being the nuclear elementary charge, proton magnetic moment can be shown to be, μ p ≅ e s ℏ 2 m p ≅ e G s m p 2 c ≅ 1.48694 × 10 − 26   J . T - 1 . α s ≅ ( ℏ c G s m p 2 ) 2 ≅ 0.1153795 being the strong coupling constant, strong interaction range can be shown to be proportional to exp ( 1 α s 2 ) . Interesting points to be noted are: An increase in the value of α s helps in decreasing the interaction range indicating a more strongly bound nuclear system. A decrease in the value of α s helps in increasing the interaction range indicating a more weakly bound nuclear system. From Z ≅ 30 onwards, close to stable mass numbers, nuclear binding energy can be addressed with, ( B ) A s ≅ Z × { ( 1 α s + 1 ) + 30 × 31 } ( m n − m p ) c 2 ≈ Z × 19.66   MeV . With further study, magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant can be estimated with nuclear elementary physical constants. One sample relation is, ( G N G s ) ≅ 1 2 ( m e m p ) 10 [ G F ℏ c / ( ℏ m e c ) ] where G N represents the Newtonian gravitational constant and G F represents the Fermi’s weak coupling constant. Two interesting coincidences are, ( m p / m e ) 10 ≅ exp ( 1 / α s 2 ) and 2 G s m e / c 2 ≅ G F / ℏ c .

scholarly journals Quantum gravitational applications of nuclear, atomic and astrophysical phenomena

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam UV ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Mass Unit ◽  
Energy Neutron ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

<p>By following the old concept of “gravity is having a strong coupling at nuclear scale” and considering the ‘reduced Planck’s constant’ as a characteristic quantum gravitational constant, in this letter we suggest that: 1) There exists a gravitational constant associated with strong interaction, G<sub>s</sub>~3.328x10<sup>28</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/kg/sec<sup>2</sup>. 2) There also exists a gravitational constant associated with electromagnetic interaction, G<sub>e</sub>~2.376x10<sup>37 </sup>m<sup>3</sup>/kg/sec<sup>2</sup>.Based on these two assumptions, in a quantum gravitational approach, an attempt is made to understand the basics of final unification with various semi empirical applications like melting points of elementary particles, strong coupling constant, proton-electron mass ratio, proton-neutron stability, nuclear binding energy, neutron star’s mass and radius, Newtonian gravitational constant, Avogadro number and molar mass unit. With further research and investigation, a practical model of ‘quantum gravitational string theory’ can be developed.</p>

HOME VISITS DURING THE FIRST MONTH OF DELIVERY FOR RECENTLY DELIVERED WOMEN IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189
Author(s):  
Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy ◽  
Dr. Umakant Prusty ◽  
Dr. Chintamani Nayak ◽  
Dr. Rakesh Dwivedi ◽  
Dr. Mohini Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Other ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The current article of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is about the ASHAs who are the daughters-in-law of a family that resides in the same community that they serve as the grassroots health worker since 2005 when the NRHM was introduced in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. UP is one such Empowered Action Group (EAG) state. The current study explores the actual responses of Recently Delivered Women (RDW) on their visits during the first month of their recent delivery. From the catchment area of each of the 250 ASHAs, two RDWs were selected who had a child in the age group of 3 to 6 months during the survey. The response profiles of the RDWs on the post- delivery first month visits are dwelled upon to evolve a picture representing the entire state of UP. The relevance of the study assumes significance as detailed data on the modalities of postnatal visits are available but not exclusively for the first month period of their recent delivery. The details of the post-delivery first month period related visits are not available even in large scale surveys like National Family Health Survey 4 done in 2015-16. The current study gives an insight in to these visits with a five-point approach i.e. type of personnel doing the visit, frequency of the visits, visits done in a particular week from among those four weeks separately for the three visits separately. The current study is basically regarding the summary of this Penta approach for the post- delivery one-month period.     The first month period after each delivery deals with 70% of the time of the postnatal period & the entire neonatal period. Therefore, it does impact the Maternal Mortality Rate & Ratio (MMR) & the Neonatal Mortality Rates (NMR) in India and especially in UP through the unsafe Maternal & Neonatal practices in the first month period after delivery. The current MM Rate of UP is 20.1 & MM Ratio is 216 whereas the MM ratio is 122 in India (SRS, 2019). The Sample Registration System (SRS) report also mentions that the Life Time Risk (LTR) of a woman in pregnancy is 0.7% which is the highest in the nation (SRS, 2019). This means it is very risky to give birth in UP in comparison to other regions in the country (SRS, 2019). This risk is at the peak in the first month period after each delivery. Similarly, the current NMR in India is 23 per 1000 livebirths (UNIGME,2018). As NMR data is not available separately for states, the national level data also hold good for the states and that’s how for the state of UP as well. These mortalities are the impact indicators and such indicators can be reduced through long drawn processes that includes effective and timely visits to RDWs especially in the first month period after delivery. This would help in making their post-natal & neonatal stage safe. This is the area of post-delivery first month visit profile detailing that the current article helps in popping out in relation to the recent delivery of the respondents.   A total of four districts of Uttar Pradesh were selected purposively for the study and the data collection was conducted in the villages of the respective districts with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule with both close-ended and open-ended questions.  The current article deals with five close ended questions with options, two for the type of personnel & frequency while the other three are for each of the three visits in the first month after the recent delivery of respondents. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted amongst the RDWs and a total 500 respondents had participated in the study.   Among the districts related to this article, the results showed that ASHA was the type of personnel who did the majority of visits in all the four districts. On the other hand, 25-40% of RDWs in all the 4 districts replied that they did not receive any visit within the first month of their recent delivery. Regarding frequency, most of the RDWs in all the 4 districts received 1-2 times visits by ASHAs.   Regarding the first visit, it was found that the ASHAs of Barabanki and Gonda visited less percentage of RDWs in the first week after delivery. Similarly, the second visit revealed that about 1.2% RDWs in Banda district could not recall about the visit. Further on the second visit, the RDWs responded that most of them in 3 districts except Gonda district did receive the second postnatal visit in 7-15 days after their recent delivery. Less than half of RDWs in Barabanki district & just more than half of RDWs in Gonda district received the third visit in 15-21 days period after delivery. For the same period, the majority of RDWs in the rest two districts responded that they had been entertained through a home visit.

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