CaReMoOC: Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation. A New Framework to Describe Mechanisms of Movement Limitations, Demonstrated for Ageing

To prevent, mitigate and treat movement impairments, we need to recognize early signs of decline and understand how to best compensate for limitations. The mechanisms leading to movement impairments are complex, overlapping, and interdependent and the fields of biomechanics, motor control, and physiology must be combined to understand these mechanisms. This article introduces CaReMoOC, a framework incorporating neuromusculoskeletal capacity (accumulation of neuromusculoskeletal resources over the lifespan), reserve (task-specific difference between capacity and task demand), movement objectives (considerations made to plan a movement), and compensation (use of NMSK resources to respond to the task demand). The framework is demonstrated for healthy ageing, providing an overview of age-related capacity decline (neural, skeletal, muscular system) and shifted weighting of movement objectives (energy, pain, stability, speed) relevant for biomechanics and motor control. Two forms of compensation are Compensation for Capacity, when capacity does not meet the task demands, and Compensation for Movement Objectives, when the movement is changed due to for example a fear of falling. Understanding the interrelationships between decline in the variables within capacity and the effect on compensation strategies will provide benefit in preventing mobility impairments and will support clinicians in their rehabilitation practice.

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The Effects of Presentation Modality, Task Demand, and Content Structure on Age-Related Memory Differences for Prose

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/c7xm-mbbn-54q9-jd7x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 53-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mark D. Corgiat ◽

Donald I. Templer ◽

Terry C. Newell

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Text Structure ◽

Task Demands ◽

Cued Recall ◽

Task Demand ◽

Auditory Presentation ◽

Presentation Modality ◽

Depth Of Processing ◽

Content Structure ◽

Age Related

Young and old adults were tested for recall of ideas presented in a 641 word prose passage. Recall protocols were scored for the total number of idea units recalled and the proportions of idea units recalled from three levels of the content structure. Encoding conditions were varied by using auditory and written presentation. Retrieval conditions were varied by using free and cued recall. Recall for total number of idea units was significantly lower for the older participants and for auditory presentation across both age groups. Analysis of the Age × Presentation Modality × Task Demand effects at each level of the content structure yielded differential age-related sensitivity to presentation modalities and task demands at different levels of the text structure. The results were discussed within the context of divided attention and depth of processing effects on age differences in memory for prose.

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Task-Induced Functional Connectivity of Picture Naming in Healthy Aging: The Impacts of Age and Task Complexity

Neurobiology of Language ◽

10.1162/nol_a_00007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 161-184

Author(s):

Perrine Ferré ◽

Julien Jarret ◽

Simona Maria Brambati ◽

Pierre Bellec ◽

Yves Joanette

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Picture Naming ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Cognitive Activity ◽

Naming Task ◽

Word Production ◽

Task Demand ◽

Age Related ◽

The Brain ◽

And Task

The topological organization of the brain, governed by the capacity of brain regions to synchronize their activity, allows for cost-effective performance during everyday cognitive activity. Functional connectivity is an fMRI method deemed task-specific and demand-dependent. Although the brain undergoes significant changes during healthy aging, conceptual knowledge and word-production accuracy are generally preserved. The exploration of task-induced functional connectivity patterns during active picture naming may thus provide additional information about healthy functional cerebral mechanisms that are specifically adapted to the cognitive activity at hand. The goal of this study is to assess and describe age-related differences in functional connectivity during an overt picture-naming task, as well as to compare age-related differences under complex task demand, defined by lexical frequency. Results suggest both age-specific and task-specific mechanisms. In the context of preserved behavioral performance in a picture-naming task, older adults show a complex array of differences in functional connectivity architecture, including both increases and decreases. In brief, there is increased segregation and specialization of regions that are classically assigned to naming processes. Results also expand on previous word-production studies and suggest that motor regions are particularly subject to age-related differences. This study also provides the first indication that intrinsic task demand, as manipulated by lexical frequency, interacts little with the relationship between age and functional connectivity. Together, these findings confirm the value of task-induced functional connectivity analysis in revealing the brain organization that subserves task performance during healthy aging.

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Between-network Functional Connectivity Is Modified by Age and Cognitive Task Domain

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01368 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 607-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Eleanna Varangis ◽

Qolamreza Razlighi ◽

Christian G. Habeck ◽

Zachary Fisher ◽

Yaakov Stern

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Aging ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Cognitive Networks ◽

Task Demands ◽

Multiple Networks ◽

Age Related ◽

Network Flexibility ◽

Neural Efficiency ◽

Task Conditions ◽

And Task

Research on the cognitive neuroscience of aging has identified myriad neurocognitive processes that are affected by the aging process, with a focus on identifying neural correlates of cognitive function in aging. This study aimed to test whether internetwork connectivity among six cognitive networks is sensitive to age-related changes in neural efficiency and cognitive functioning. A factor analytic connectivity approach was used to model network interactions during 11 cognitive tasks grouped into four primary cognitive domains: vocabulary, perceptual speed, fluid reasoning, and episodic memory. Results showed that both age and task domain were related to internetwork connectivity and that some of the connections among the networks were associated with performance on the in-scanner tasks. These findings demonstrate that internetwork connectivity among several cognitive networks is not only affected by aging and task demands but also shows a relationship with task performance. As such, future studies examining internetwork connectivity in aging should consider multiple networks and multiple task conditions to better measure dynamic patterns of network flexibility over the course of cognitive aging.

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Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Konsultatif dan Tuntutan Tugas Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi pada PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh

Jurnal EMT KITA ◽

10.35870/emt.v2i2.59 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Syamsul Rizal

Keyword(s):

Organizational Commitment ◽

Leadership Style ◽

Task Demands ◽

T Test ◽

Task Demand ◽

F Test ◽

Significance Level ◽

A Value ◽

Banda Aceh ◽

And Task

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan konsultatif dan tuntutan tugas terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan di PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh dan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kepemimpinan dan tuntutan tugas tehadap komitmen organisasi karyawan di PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh. Objek penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan pada PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini akan menyajikan tentang bagaimana pengaruh kepemimpinan dan tuntutan tugas, terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan pada PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 47 orang. Berdasarkan hasil uji-F (simultan) menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel yang diteliti mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan komitmen karyawan PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh dengan nilai Fhitung> Ftabel, pada tingkat signifikansi = 5%. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t (secara parsial) variabel yang sangat signifikan berpengaruh terhadap komitmen karyawan PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh adalah variabel tuntutan tugas dengan diperoleh nilai thitung lebih besar dibandingkan dengan variabel kepemimpinan konsultatif mempunyai nilai thitung yang lebih kecil.Kata kunci: Tuntutan Tugas, Kepemimpinan dan Komitmen Organisasi. Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consultative leadership style and task demands on organizational commitment of employees at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Banda Aceh Branch and to find out how much influence leadership and the demands of the task of employee organizational commitment at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Banda Aceh Branch. This research was conducted at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Banda Aceh Branch. The object of this research is all employees at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Banda Aceh Branch. This study will present how the influence of leadership and the demands of the task, on organizational commitment of employees at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Banda Aceh Branch, with a total of 47 respondents. Based on the results of the F-test (simultaneous), it shows that all the variables studied have a significant effect on increasing the commitment of employees of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Banda Aceh Branch with a value of Fcount> Ftable, at a significance level = 5%. Based on the results of the t-test (partially) the variables that have a significant effect on the commitment of the employees of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Banda Aceh Branch is a task demand variable with a t-count value greater than the consultative leadership variable having a smaller t-count value.Keywords: Task demands, leadership and organizational commitment.

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Supplemental Material for Age-Related Deficits in Low-Level Inhibitory Motor Control

Psychology and Aging ◽

10.1037/a0023832.supp ◽

2011 ◽

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Low Level ◽

Age Related ◽

Inhibitory Motor Control

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How Effective Feedback for Training Depends on Learner Resources and Task Demands

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e577792012-004 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Anne Collins McLaughlin ◽

Wendy A. Rogers ◽

Arthur D. Fisk

Keyword(s):

Task Demands ◽

Effective Feedback ◽

And Task

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An experimental approach to the study of flow experiences: Effects of manipulating the perceived fit of skills and task demands on intrinsic motivation

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e633962013-431 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Keller ◽

Herbert Bless ◽

Rainer Greifeneder

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Motivation ◽

Experimental Approach ◽

Task Demands ◽

Perceived Fit ◽

Flow Experiences ◽

And Task

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ONE-LEGGED STANCE BALANCE OF OLDER ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT FALLS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.1754 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S470-S470

Author(s):

Edgar R Vieira ◽

Márcio Oliveira ◽

Andre Gil ◽

Karen Fernandes ◽

Denilson Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Test Duration ◽

Mobility Impairments ◽

Eyes Open ◽

Falls In Older Adults ◽

Elliptical Area ◽

Age Range

Abstract Balance impairment is a common problem among older adults. Poor balance in older adults is often associated with mobility impairments, activity limitations and fear of falling in older adults. Thus, balance assessment is useful for early detection of postural control deficits to prevent mobility impairments and falls in older adults. The aim of this study was to assess if balance measures based in center of pressure (COP) parameters during one-legged stance could differentiate between older adults with and without falls in the past 12 months. One-hundred and seventy older adults (50 fallers and 120 non-fallers, age range: 63-72 years) performed three 30s one-legged stance trials with eyes open on a force platform with 30s of rest between each trial. The following variables were evaluated: COP 95% elliptical area, COP velocity in the anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions, and test duration (how long the participant was able to stay in one-legged stance, up to 30s). Fallers had poorer balance than non-fallers (P ≤0.004). The COP parameters presented an area under the curve between 0.65-0.72, with sensitivity varying from 66 to 78% and specificity from 54 to 68%. There were no significant differences between fallers and non-fallers on test duration (17 vs. 18s, respectively). The findings showed that the fallers had similar duration time, but poorer balance than the non-fallers during one-legged stance. The COP parameters were able to differentiate the balance between fallers and non-fallers with acceptable area under curve, sensitivity and specificity.

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Cerebellar Dysfunction in Adults with Prader Willi Syndrome

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10153320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 3320

Author(s):

Laura Blanco-Hinojo ◽

Laia Casamitjana ◽

Jesus Pujol ◽

Gerard Martínez-Vilavella ◽

Susanna Esteba-Castillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Motor Function ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Task Demands ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Prader Willi Syndrome ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽

Motor Tasks ◽

Correlation Pattern ◽

Motor Processing

Severe hypotonia during infancy is a hallmark feature of Prader Willi syndrome (PWS). Despite its transient expression, moto development is delayed and deficiencies in motor coordination are present at older ages, with no clear pathophysiological mechanism yet identified. The diverse motor coordination symptoms present in adult PWS patients could be, in part, the result of a common alteration(s) in basic motor control systems. We aimed to examine the motor system in PWS using functional MRI (fMRI) during motor challenge. Twenty-three adults with PWS and 22 matched healthy subjects participated in the study. fMRI testing involved three hand motor tasks of different complexity. Additional behavioral measurements of motor function were obtained by evaluating hand grip strength, functional mobility, and balance. Whole brain activation maps were compared between groups and correlated with behavioral measurements. Performance of the motor tasks in PWS engaged the neural elements typically involved in motor processing. While our data showed no group differences in the simplest task, increasing task demands evoked significantly weaker activation in patients in the cerebellum. Significant interaction between group and correlation pattern with measures of motor function were also observed. Our study provides novel insights into the neural substrates of motor control in PWS by demonstrating reduced cerebellar activation during movement coordination.

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