scholarly journals On the Fundamental Constants of Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Humpherys
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Fundamental Units ◽  
Action Force ◽  
Constants Of Nature

Planck units of length, mass, and time are fundamental constants of nature. Traditional constants including Planck's constant, the gravitational constant, the elementary charge, and many others are comprised of these three fundamental units. Physics equations are functions in which maximum potentials defined by the Planck units are reduced by one or more proportionality operators, producing observed quantities of natural phenomena. Natural symmetries constrain the relationships between length, mass, and time, yielding the physical dynamics of momentum, action, force, and energy. The Planck units quantify mechanical, gravitational, and electromagnetic properties of the universe and offer a common language for interpreting the standard model interactions. Units associated with the electromagnetic interaction are translated into units of length, mass, and time, including the coulomb, ampere, volt, tesla, henry, weber, farad, ohm, and siemen.

scholarly journals On the Fundamental Constants of Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Humpherys
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
New Foundations ◽  
Elementary Form ◽  
Fundamental Units ◽  
Constants Of Nature

Planck’s constant and the gravitational constant are comprised of more fundamental quantities of length, mass, and time. Reformulating traditional equations in terms of these fundamental units offers a more granular view of the physical transformations encoded in the equations of physics. The composite structure of h and G conceals a simple model in which maximum unit potentials are reduced by dimensionless proportionality operators. Natural symmetries correlate the three unit dimensions, yielding predictable quantities of physical dynamics. Insights are organized into a New Foundations Model of physics that reformulates traditional constants and equations in elementary form. The New Foundations Model offers a common language for describing quantum mechanical, gravitational, and electromagnetic phenomena.

scholarly journals Cosmology with Variable G and Nonlinear Electrodynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel W. Joseph ◽  
Ali Övgün
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Nonlinear Electrodynamics ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Constants Of Nature

In a bid to resolve lingering problems in cosmology, more focus is being tilted towards cosmological models in which physical constants of nature are not necessarily real constants, but varying with cosmic time. In this paper we have study cosmology in nonlinear electrodynamics with the Newton's gravitational constant $G$ not a constant but vary in form of power-law of the scale factor of the universe. The evolution of the scale factor $a (t)$ is studied in this model which depends on nonlinear electrodynamics fine tuning term of $\alpha$. Then we check the stability of the model using the speed of sound.

scholarly journals A Stringent Limit on a Drifting Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Alcohol in the Early Universe

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 339 (6115) ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Bagdonaite ◽  
Paul Jansen ◽  
Christian Henkel ◽  
Hendrick L. Bethlem ◽  
Karl M. Menten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Null Result ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Stringent Limit ◽  
Constants Of Nature

The standard model of physics is built on the fundamental constants of nature, but it does not provide an explanation for their values, nor require their constancy over space and time. Here we set a limit on a possible cosmological variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ by comparing transitions in methanol observed in the early universe with those measured in the laboratory. From radio-astronomical observations of PKS1830-211, we deduced a constraint of ∆μ/μ = (0.0 ± 1.0) × 10−7 at redshift z = 0.89, corresponding to a look-back time of 7 billion years. This is consistent with a null result.

Why reducing the cosmic sound horizon can not fully resolve the Hubble tension

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Jedamzik ◽  
Levon Pogosian ◽  
Gong-Bo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
New Physics ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Acoustic Oscillations ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Neutrino Sector ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Primordial Magnetic Fields ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Develop Tension

Abstract The mismatch between the locally measured expansion rate of the universe and the one inferred from the cosmic microwave background measurements by Planck in the context of the standard ΛCDM, known as the Hubble tension, has become one of the most pressing problems in cosmology. A large number of amendments to the ΛCDM model have been proposed in order to solve this tension. Many of them introduce new physics, such as early dark energy, modifications of the standard model neutrino sector, extra radiation, primordial magnetic fields or varying fundamental constants, with the aim of reducing the sound horizon at recombination r*. We demonstrate here that any model which only reduces r* can never fully resolve the Hubble tension while remaining consistent with other cosmological datasets. We show explicitly that models which operate at lower matter density Ωmh2 run into tension with the observations of baryon acoustic oscillations, while models operating at higher Ωmh2 develop tension with galaxy weak lensing data.

scholarly journals On the five base quantities of nature and SI (The International System of Units)

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
G. Kaptay
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Fundamental Constant ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Amount Of Substance ◽  
Substance Mole ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Base Units ◽  
Constants Of Nature

It is shown here that five base quantities (and the corresponding five base units) of nature are sufficient to define all derived quantities (and their units) and to describe all natural phenomena. The base quantities (and their base units) are: length (m), mass (kg), time (s), temperature (K) and electric charge (C). The amount of substance (mole) is not taken as a base quantity of nature and the Avogadro constant is not considered as a fundamental constant of nature, as they are both based on an arbitrary definition (due to the arbitrary value of 0.012 kg for the mass of 1 mole of C-12 isotope). Therefore, the amount of substance (mole) is moved from the list of base quantities to the category of the supplementary units (to be re-created after its abrogation in 1995). Based on its definition, the luminous intensity (cd) is not a base quantity (unit), therefore it is moved to the list of derived quantities (units). The ampere and coulomb are exchanged by places in the list of base and derived units, as ampere is a speed of coulombs (but SI defines meter, not its speed as a base unit). The five base quantities are re-defined in this paper by connecting them to five fundamental constants of nature (the most accurately known frequency of the hydrogen atom, the speed of light, the Planck constant, the Boltzmann constant and the elementary charge) with their numerical values fixed in accordance with their CODATA 2006 values (to be improved by further experiments).

scholarly journals Cosmology with Variable G and Nonlinear Electrodynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel W. Joseph ◽  
Ali Övgün
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Magnetic Monopole ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Cosmological Models ◽  
Nonlinear Electrodynamics ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Constants Of Nature

In a bid to resolve lingering problems in cosmology, more focus is being tilted towards cosmological models in which physical constants of nature are not necessarily real constants, but varying with cosmic time. In this paper we study cosmology in nonlinear electrodynamics with the Newton's gravitational constant $G$ not a constant but varies with the scale factor of the universe. The evolution of the scale factor $a(t)$ in this model depends on $\alpha$, which gives an steady universe when $\alpha=0.5$. As $\alpha$ increases to $\alpha=1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0$ the universe enter into inflation scenario after that the magnetic monopole field decayed and is converted to radiation. We checked the stability of the model and obtained that it is classically stable with the best condition for the stability at $5/2\geq \alpha >7/4$ .

scholarly journals Cosmology with Variable G and Nonlinear Electrodynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel W. Joseph ◽  
Ali Övgün
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Nonlinear Electrodynamics ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Constants Of Nature

In a bid to resolve lingering problems in cosmology, more focus is being tilted towards cosmological models in which physical constants of nature are not necessarily real constants, but varying with cosmic time. In this paper we have study cosmology in nonlinear electrodynamics with the Newton's gravitational constant $G$ not a constant but vary in form of power-law of the scale factor of the universe. The evolution of the scale factor $a (t)$ is studied in this model which depends on nonlinear electrodynamics fine tuning term of $\alpha$. Then we check the stability of the model using the speed of sound.

A Cosmological View for the Time - Variation of the Fundamental Constants of Nature

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Layali Y. Salih AL-Mashhadani ◽  
Ahmed H. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Time Variation ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Fundamental Physical Constants ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Variation Of Constants ◽  
Fundamental Physical ◽  
Constants Of Nature

Time variation of constants of nature is still a question of debate among astronomers, physicists, geologists, and palaeontologists. But are the fundamental physical constants really varying in space or time and how changing these parameters may occur?. Paul Dirac was interested in this question in the large number hypothesis (LNH). He arrived by coincidence at the revolutionary hypothesis that the gravitational constant G should be varied inversely with the cosmic time t. LNH sparked off many ideas and arguments about the possibility of time or space variations of the fundamental constants of nature. In this work, we review details and arguments regarding the time and space variation of dimensional and dimensionless constants based on a detailed comparison for the recorded literature over about one and a half-century.

scholarly journals Fundamental constants and cosmic vacuum: The micro and macro connection

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (22) ◽  
pp. 1540034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Fritzsch ◽  
Joan Solà
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Cosmic Expansion ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Acceleration Of The Universe ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Cosmic History ◽  
Constants Of Nature

The idea that the vacuum energy density [Formula: see text] could be time-dependent is a most reasonable one in the expanding Universe; in fact, much more reasonable than just a rigid cosmological constant for the entire cosmic history. Being [Formula: see text] dynamical, it offers a possibility to tackle the cosmological constant problem in its various facets. Furthermore, for a long time (most prominently since Dirac’s first proposal on a time variable gravitational coupling) the possibility that the fundamental “constants” of Nature are slowly drifting with the cosmic expansion has been continuously investigated. In the last two decades, and specially in recent times, mounting experimental evidence attests that this could be the case. In this paper, we consider the possibility that these two groups of facts might be intimately connected, namely that the observed acceleration of the Universe and the possible time variation of the fundamental constants are two manifestations of the same underlying dynamics. We call it: the “micro and macro connection”, and on its basis we expect that the cosmological term in Einstein’s equations, Newton’s coupling and the masses of all the particles in the Universe, both the dark matter (DM) particles and the ordinary baryons and leptons, should all drift with the cosmic expansion. Here, we discuss specific cosmological models realizing such possibility in a way that preserves the principle of covariance of general relativity (GR).

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