scholarly journals Antioxidant Profile of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Containing Diverse Levels of Capsaicinoids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Palma ◽  
Fátima Terán ◽  
Alba Contreras-Ruiz ◽  
Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J Corpas
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Capsicum is the genus where a number of species and varieties have pungent features due to the exclusive content of capsaicinoids such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. In this work, the main enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in pepper fruits from four varieties with different pungent capacity has been investigated at two ripening stages. Thus, a sweet pepper variety (Melchor) from California type fruits, and three autochthonous Spanish varieties were used, including Piquillo, Padrón and Alegría riojana. The capsaicinoids contents were determined in pericarp and placenta from fruits showing that these phenyl-propanoids were mainly localized in placenta. The activity profile of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD, total and isoenzymatic), the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AGC) and four NADP-dehydrogenases indicate that some interaction with the capsaicinoid metabolism seems to occur. Among the results obtained on enzymatic antioxidant, the role of an Fe-SOD and the glutathione reductase from the AGC is highlighted. Additionally, it was found that ascorbate and glutathione content were higher in those pepper fruits which displayed the greater contents of capsacinoids. Taken together, all these data indicate that antioxidants may contribute to preserve capsaicinoids metabolism to maintain their functionality in a framework where NADPH is perhaps playing an essential role.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Profile of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Containing Diverse Levels of Capsaicinoids

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Palma ◽  
Fátima Terán ◽  
Alba Contreras-Ruiz ◽  
Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J. Corpas
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Capsicum is the genus where a number of species and varieties have pungent features due to the exclusive content of capsaicinoids such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. In this work, the main enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in pepper fruits from four varieties with different pungent capacity have been investigated at two ripening stages. Thus, a sweet pepper variety (Melchor) from California-type fruits and three autochthonous Spanish varieties which have different pungency levels were used, including Piquillo, Padrón and Alegría riojana. The capsaicinoids contents were determined in the pericarp and placenta from fruits, showing that these phenyl-propanoids were mainly localized in placenta. The activity profiles of catalase, total and isoenzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzymes of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle (AGC) and four NADP-dehydrogenases indicate that some interaction with capsaicinoid metabolism seems to occur. Among the results obtained on enzymatic antioxidants, the role of Fe-SOD and the glutathione reductase from the AGC is highlighted. Additionally, it was found that ascorbate and glutathione contents were higher in those pepper fruits which displayed the greater contents of capsaicinoids. Taken together, all these data indicate that antioxidants may contribute to preserve capsaicinoids metabolism to maintain their functionality in a framework where NADPH is perhaps playing an essential role.

scholarly journals The role of glutathione reductase in maintaining human granulocyte function and sensitivity to exogenous H2O2

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Cohen ◽  
EH Tape ◽  
J Novak ◽  
ME Chovaniec ◽  
P Liegey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Granulocyte Function ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Generating System ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Exogenous H2o2

Abstract Human granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN) produce H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species while undergoing phagocytosis. To examine the role of the glutathione cycle in metabolizing H2O2, we incubated PMN with 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl) nitrosourea (BCNU). Incubation of PMN with BCNU results in a dose-dependent inhibition of PMN glutathione reductase (GRED), with 50% inhibition occurring at approximately 2 micrograms/mL BCNU. PMN hexose monophosphate shunt activity stimulated with an exogenous H2O2-generating system was inhibited only when the GRED activity was reduced to less than 30% of control. BCNU-treated cells contained lower levels of reduced sulfhydryls and reduced glutathione, which decreased even more in the presence of an exogenous H2O2-generating system. The effect of BCNU and exogenous H2O2 on various aspects of phagocytosis were examined. Exposure of BCNU-treated PMN to an H2O2-generating system resulted in an inhibition of chemotactic peptide-induced shape changes and degranulation. The ability of BCNU-treated cells to produce O2- was diminished only when the PMN were incubated with an H2O2-generating system in the presence of cyanide. Ingestion of opsonized bacteria by BCNU-treated PMN was unaffected by incubation in an H2O2-generating system even in the presence of cyanide. We conclude that PMN GRED is inhibited by BCNU, the ability of PMN to metabolize H2O2 is affected only when GRED is reduced more than 70%, this inhibition affects the glutathione content of these cells, and some, but not all of the phagocytic functions of GRED-inhibited PMN are inhibited after exposure to an H2O2-generating system.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Single Blood Donation on the Lipid Profile, Iron Storage and Enzymatic Antioxidants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrhman Kharaz ◽  
Abdulaziz Aljohani ◽  
Abdullah Almalki ◽  
Mostafa Alnawajha ◽  
Omar Alnozha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Lowered Body

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global illness causing 31% of global mortality. Though many factors contribute to CVD, oxidative stress advances atherosclerosis through several complementary components, such as the initiation of lipid peroxidation by iron. Blood donation may decrease the risk of CVD due to reducing the iron level. Literature reported that blood donors have a lower risk of CVD, possibly due to the lower iron levels. Various effects of blood donation are involved in preventing type II diabetes. However, little is known of the exact mechanism of the benefits of blood donation. In this study, samples were collected from 33 healthy male participants pre- (1 day) and post-donation (1 day, 1, 2 and 3 weeks) and the effect of the blood donation on the iron, lipids and enzymatic antioxidants profiles were assessed. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used for comparing the quantitative variables between the visits. We found that the iron decreased significantly by week 1 (–25.3%). Ferritin decreased significantly at weeks 1, 2, and 3 (–26.3%, –40.3%, –36.7%, respectively). The superoxide dismutase increased significantly at post-donation day 1, weeks 1, 2, and 3 (17.9%,35.7%, 31.1%, 36.6%, respectively) and in correlation with time [r (165) = 0.50, P <0 .01]. Glutathione peroxide decreased significantly at week 1 (–25.0%). Glutathione reductase decreased significantly 1-day post donation (–5.7%) then increased over the next three weeks [r (165) = 0.3, P <0.01]. Finally, the lipids were significantly reduced 24 hours after the donation but not at week 1, 2 and 3. We conclude that blood donation, resulting in a lowered body iron concentration, is an effective way to increase superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, which prevent the initiation of lipid oxidation. Our results could be used to advocate for the benefits of blood donation. However, further studies are required to assess the role of blood donation in plaque formation and arteriosclerosis.

Comparative Effects of Paraquat on Antioxidant Components and Scavenging Enzymes in Kwangkyo and Hood Soybean

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangho Kim ◽  
Kriton K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Soybean Leaves

The effect of p araquaton hydroxyl radical production , glutathione and ascorbate content, and glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase activities was assayed in the tolerant “Kwangkyo” and the susceptible “ Hood ” cultivars of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Seedlings of both cultivars at the fully expanded first trifoliate leaf stage were treated with paraquat at 0, 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μᴍ. The in vivo generation of hydroxyl radicals was estimated by measuring methanesulfonic acid (MSA ) produced in soybean leaves treated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO ) and paraquat. The levels of paraquat-induced production of hydroxyl radicals were similar in Kwangkyo and Hood soybean. Ascorbate levels in the two cultivars were comparable and were reduced by paraquat treatment. Total glutathione levels were similar in both cultivars, but Kwangkyo had more glutathione in the reduced form than Hood. Treatment with low concentrations of paraquat enhanced oxidized glutathione levels in Hood. At high concentrations, paraquat decreased the levels of total and reduced glutathione in both cultivars. The endogenous activities of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were similar in Kwangkyo and Hood soybean. Treatment with selected concentrations of paraquat enhanced the activity of these enzymes in trifoliates of the tolerant Kwangkyo. Overall, the results of this study do not suggest a strong involvement of components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the observed tolerance of Kwangkyo soybean to the herbicide paraquat.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION FOR DEVELOPMENT PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND ADRENALINE MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Reheda ◽  
N. M. Nebelyuk M. Nebelyuk
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products

The paper examined the role of lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant protection in the miocardium of guinea pigs in experimental asthma (EA) in combination with adrenaline myocardial damage (AMD). Analyses were performed on the 1st, 4th, 18th and 25th day. The results showed that at all stages of the development of EA with AMD increased content of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates and malondialdehyde), while at the same time on the 1st and 4th day increases the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase in the miocardium, followed by reduction in their on the 18th and 25th day.

scholarly journals The role of glutathione reductase in maintaining human granulocyte function and sensitivity to exogenous H2O2

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-500
Author(s):  
HJ Cohen ◽  
EH Tape ◽  
J Novak ◽  
ME Chovaniec ◽  
P Liegey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Granulocyte Function ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Generating System ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Exogenous H2o2

Human granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN) produce H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species while undergoing phagocytosis. To examine the role of the glutathione cycle in metabolizing H2O2, we incubated PMN with 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl) nitrosourea (BCNU). Incubation of PMN with BCNU results in a dose-dependent inhibition of PMN glutathione reductase (GRED), with 50% inhibition occurring at approximately 2 micrograms/mL BCNU. PMN hexose monophosphate shunt activity stimulated with an exogenous H2O2-generating system was inhibited only when the GRED activity was reduced to less than 30% of control. BCNU-treated cells contained lower levels of reduced sulfhydryls and reduced glutathione, which decreased even more in the presence of an exogenous H2O2-generating system. The effect of BCNU and exogenous H2O2 on various aspects of phagocytosis were examined. Exposure of BCNU-treated PMN to an H2O2-generating system resulted in an inhibition of chemotactic peptide-induced shape changes and degranulation. The ability of BCNU-treated cells to produce O2- was diminished only when the PMN were incubated with an H2O2-generating system in the presence of cyanide. Ingestion of opsonized bacteria by BCNU-treated PMN was unaffected by incubation in an H2O2-generating system even in the presence of cyanide. We conclude that PMN GRED is inhibited by BCNU, the ability of PMN to metabolize H2O2 is affected only when GRED is reduced more than 70%, this inhibition affects the glutathione content of these cells, and some, but not all of the phagocytic functions of GRED-inhibited PMN are inhibited after exposure to an H2O2-generating system.

An essential role of N-terminal domain of copper chaperone in the enzymatic activation of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase

2017 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Fukuoka ◽  
Eiichi Tokuda ◽  
Kenta Nakagome ◽  
Zhiliang Wu ◽  
Isao Nagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Copper Chaperone ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Enzymatic Activation
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