The Effects of a Single Blood Donation on the Lipid Profile, Iron Storage and Enzymatic Antioxidants

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global illness causing 31% of global mortality. Though many factors contribute to CVD, oxidative stress advances atherosclerosis through several complementary components, such as the initiation of lipid peroxidation by iron. Blood donation may decrease the risk of CVD due to reducing the iron level. Literature reported that blood donors have a lower risk of CVD, possibly due to the lower iron levels. Various effects of blood donation are involved in preventing type II diabetes. However, little is known of the exact mechanism of the benefits of blood donation. In this study, samples were collected from 33 healthy male participants pre- (1 day) and post-donation (1 day, 1, 2 and 3 weeks) and the effect of the blood donation on the iron, lipids and enzymatic antioxidants profiles were assessed. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used for comparing the quantitative variables between the visits. We found that the iron decreased significantly by week 1 (–25.3%). Ferritin decreased significantly at weeks 1, 2, and 3 (–26.3%, –40.3%, –36.7%, respectively). The superoxide dismutase increased significantly at post-donation day 1, weeks 1, 2, and 3 (17.9%,35.7%, 31.1%, 36.6%, respectively) and in correlation with time [r (165) = 0.50, P <0 .01]. Glutathione peroxide decreased significantly at week 1 (–25.0%). Glutathione reductase decreased significantly 1-day post donation (–5.7%) then increased over the next three weeks [r (165) = 0.3, P <0.01]. Finally, the lipids were significantly reduced 24 hours after the donation but not at week 1, 2 and 3. We conclude that blood donation, resulting in a lowered body iron concentration, is an effective way to increase superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, which prevent the initiation of lipid oxidation. Our results could be used to advocate for the benefits of blood donation. However, further studies are required to assess the role of blood donation in plaque formation and arteriosclerosis.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Profile of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Containing Diverse Levels of Capsaicinoids

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9090878 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 878 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José M. Palma ◽

Fátima Terán ◽

Alba Contreras-Ruiz ◽

Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽

Francisco J. Corpas

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Reductase ◽

Essential Role ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Antioxidant Profile ◽

Ripening Stages ◽

Enzymatic Systems ◽

Glutathione Cycle

Capsicum is the genus where a number of species and varieties have pungent features due to the exclusive content of capsaicinoids such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. In this work, the main enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in pepper fruits from four varieties with different pungent capacity have been investigated at two ripening stages. Thus, a sweet pepper variety (Melchor) from California-type fruits and three autochthonous Spanish varieties which have different pungency levels were used, including Piquillo, Padrón and Alegría riojana. The capsaicinoids contents were determined in the pericarp and placenta from fruits, showing that these phenyl-propanoids were mainly localized in placenta. The activity profiles of catalase, total and isoenzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzymes of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle (AGC) and four NADP-dehydrogenases indicate that some interaction with capsaicinoid metabolism seems to occur. Among the results obtained on enzymatic antioxidants, the role of Fe-SOD and the glutathione reductase from the AGC is highlighted. Additionally, it was found that ascorbate and glutathione contents were higher in those pepper fruits which displayed the greater contents of capsaicinoids. Taken together, all these data indicate that antioxidants may contribute to preserve capsaicinoids metabolism to maintain their functionality in a framework where NADPH is perhaps playing an essential role.

Download Full-text

Impact of nutritional rehabilitation on enzymatic antioxidant levels in protein energy malnutrition

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2002.8.2-3.290 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (2-3) ◽

pp. 290-297

Author(s):

S. Y. Shaaban

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Nutritional Rehabilitation ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Before And After ◽

Nutrition Rehabilitation ◽

Laboratory Investigations

To assess the role of enzymatic antioxidants in the pathogenesis of protein energy malnutrition [PEM] and the effect of nutritional rehabilitation, we studied 30 infants with PEM [mean age 10.63 +/- 4.39 months: 10 marasmic; 8 with kwashiorkor; 12 with marasmic kwashiorkor] and 15 controls. All underwent clinical examination and laboratory investigations, including superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx] estimation before and after nutrition rehabilitation. SOD and GPx were significantly lower in all malnourished infants compared to controls, and significantly increased after nutritional rehabilitation. These significant correlations suggest that antioxidants could be introduced during PEM nutritional rehabilitation to decrease morbidity and mortality.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Profile of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Containing Diverse Levels of Capsaicinoids

10.20944/preprints202008.0010.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

José M. Palma ◽

Fátima Terán ◽

Alba Contreras-Ruiz ◽

Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽

Francisco J Corpas

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Reductase ◽

Essential Role ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Activity Profile ◽

Antioxidant Profile ◽

Ripening Stages ◽

Enzymatic Systems ◽

Glutathione Cycle

Capsicum is the genus where a number of species and varieties have pungent features due to the exclusive content of capsaicinoids such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. In this work, the main enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in pepper fruits from four varieties with different pungent capacity has been investigated at two ripening stages. Thus, a sweet pepper variety (Melchor) from California type fruits, and three autochthonous Spanish varieties were used, including Piquillo, Padrón and Alegría riojana. The capsaicinoids contents were determined in pericarp and placenta from fruits showing that these phenyl-propanoids were mainly localized in placenta. The activity profile of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD, total and isoenzymatic), the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AGC) and four NADP-dehydrogenases indicate that some interaction with the capsaicinoid metabolism seems to occur. Among the results obtained on enzymatic antioxidant, the role of an Fe-SOD and the glutathione reductase from the AGC is highlighted. Additionally, it was found that ascorbate and glutathione content were higher in those pepper fruits which displayed the greater contents of capsacinoids. Taken together, all these data indicate that antioxidants may contribute to preserve capsaicinoids metabolism to maintain their functionality in a framework where NADPH is perhaps playing an essential role.

Download Full-text

SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE (SOD) DAN RADIKAL BEBAS

JURNAL KEPERAWATAN DAN FISIOTERAPI (JKF) ◽

10.35451/jkf.v2i2.342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 124-129

Author(s):

Evirosa Juliartha Simanjuntak ◽

Zulham Zulham

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Cellular Tissue ◽

The Body ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Superoxide Anions ◽

Cell Components ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous antioxidant that works by regulating ROS levels. This group of enzymes functions to catalyze the efficient disposal of superoxide anions. Superoxide anions are produced enzymatically and non-enzymatically. In mammals there are 3 types of SOD, namely SOD1 (CuZnSOD), SOD2 (MnSOD), SOD3 (ECSOD). Oxidative stress caused by free radicals has been reported to be involved in several diseases. Various stressors trigger ROS production, also triggering the production of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), hydroperoxidase (HPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Free radicals cause oxidative stress when the amount in the body is excessive, this situation will cause oxidative damage at the cellular, tissue to organ levels that will accelerate the aging process and the onset of disease. Free radicals are molecules that have one or more unpaired electrons and are therefore relatively unstable. Free radicals try to stabilize themselves by taking electrons from other molecules and will produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). If there is a disturbance in the balance of ROS products with antioxidants, oxidative stress will occur which results in damage to cell components. The higher levels of oxidative stress will increase the lipid peroxidation marker which is presented as malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the SOD enzyme activity. Thus the role of molecules that have antioxidant activity is very necessary to ward off oxidative stress.

Download Full-text

Hydrotherapy in the evaluation of enzymatic antioxidants in an elderly population

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa040.056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

A Valado ◽

S Fortes ◽

M Morais ◽

J Rosado ◽

JP Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Glutathione Reductase ◽

Venous Blood ◽

The Body ◽

Cell Aging ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Antioxidant Agents

Abstract Introduction Oxidative stress is the imbalance between reactive species produced in the body during metabolic reactions and antioxidant agents that have the ability to neutralize or prevent the formation of these species. One of the effects of oxidative stress is the normal and physiological process of cell aging that arises from the accumulation of tissue damage caused by free radicals. Objectives To assess whether the activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) are influenced by the hydrotherapy sessions. Methodology 37 subjects aged 60 years old and above, of both genders, were divided into two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group underwent 15 hydrotherapy sessions supervised by a physical therapist. Two peripheral venous blood samples were collected at two different times: T0, instant before the intervention and T1, instant after the last session. The activity of SOD, GPx and GR enzymes were determined, respectively, with the Ransod superoxide dismutase, Ransel glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase commercial kits, from Randox Laboratories Limited, United Kingdom. The assay was performed as described in the kits and the sample results were obtained by spectrophotometric reading. Results SOD activity at T1 tended to decrease slightly compared to T0 (1437.64 ± 593.46 vs 1421.41 ± 705.39 U/g Hb). At T1, there was a statistically significant increase in GPx activity (48.14 ± 17.22 vs 57.72 ± 19.99 U/g Hb) and in GR activity (78.44 ± 21.26 vs 100.18 ± 30.85 U/L). Regarding gender, both genders tended to have higher values of GPx and GR at T1. Conclusion According to the obtained results, we conclude that the practice of hydrotherapy presents as a positive stimulus in the antioxidant activity of aged individuals suggesting that a regular and moderate practice of exercise induces a higher quality of life.

Download Full-text

THE ROLE OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION FOR DEVELOPMENT PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND ADRENALINE MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE

Medical and Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2016.v0.i2.6673 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

M. S. Reheda ◽

N. M. Nebelyuk M. Nebelyuk

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Reductase ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Myocardial Damage ◽

Antioxidant Protection ◽

Diene Conjugates ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Products

The paper examined the role of lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant protection in the miocardium of guinea pigs in experimental asthma (EA) in combination with adrenaline myocardial damage (AMD). Analyses were performed on the 1st, 4th, 18th and 25th day. The results showed that at all stages of the development of EA with AMD increased content of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates and malondialdehyde), while at the same time on the 1st and 4th day increases the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase in the miocardium, followed by reduction in their on the 18th and 25th day.

Download Full-text

Impact of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants on erythrocytes during blood storage

MedPulse International Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.26611/10021912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 05-11

Author(s):

Chhaya Keny ◽

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Red Cells ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Stored Blood ◽

Blood Grouping

Background: Blood transfusion plays important role in the management of certain clinical conditions like acute blood loss, injury and anemia. The red blood cells (RBCs) for transfusion can be stored for 35 to 42 days at 2–6°C. It has been reported that some biochemical changes occur during the course of storage. During storage, progressive morphological and biochemical changes occur which are often related to the reduction of ATP, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and NADH in RBCs. These changes are referred to as the “storage lesions”. Oxidative damage is the most important factor causing RBC storage lesion. Free radicals can damage RBC products by lipid and protein oxidation affecting cell quality. The present study is aimed to study the impact of lipid peroxidation and potential role of enzymatic antioxidants in stored blood. Material and methods: The present study was observational study carried out in healthy blood donors at KEM hospital, Mumbai. Thirty healthy donors, who were fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were enrolled in the study. Estimation of hemoglobin, levels of lipid peroxidation and some enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was carried out in a properly stored blood samples at 40C. Enzyme levels estimation was carried out at every 7 days interval. Blood grouping of all the samples was also done to check if there is any change in the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels across the groups. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indirect marker of lipid peroxidation that can modify proteins. Increased MDA levels in the study indicate that lipid peroxidation in red cells has occurred during the preservation period. Throughout storage period, the levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase declined. Statistically significant negative correlation existed between lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase. Whereas study established positive correlation between lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD). On day 8, day 15 and day 22, lipid peroxidation was found to be positively correlated with SOD. But on Day 30, there was negative correlation between lipid peroxidation and SOD. Blood grouping of all samples indicate no significant susceptibility to lipid peroxidation when the different blood groups were compared. Methemoglobin levels in stored blood were increased over a period of 30 days. Conclusion: Red cell storage lesions due to oxidative injury during storage are now the reported fact, confirmed by the findings of the present study. This also indicates that antioxidant enzymatic machinery of the system comes into play adequately to circumvent the damage done. To investigate further therapeutic role of antioxidants in preventing oxidative damage to red cells during storage, large sample studies will be required.

Download Full-text